- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A119
- Title:
- Jet collimation in NGC 1052
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A119
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022 14:52:38
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- With the increased sensitivity and resolution of radio interferometry the study of the collimation and acceleration region of jets in Active Galactic Nuclei(AGN) has come into focus within the last years. Whereas a large fraction of AGN jets reveal a change from parabolic to conical collimation around the Bondi radius, a small number of sources deviate from this standard picture, including the radio galaxy NGC1052. We study the jet width profile, which provides valuable information about the interplay between the central engine and accretion disk system and the collimation and acceleration zone of the jets. We observed the double-sided active galaxy NGC1052 at six frequencies with the VLBA in 2017 and at 22GHz with RadioAstron in 2016. These data are combined with archival 15, 22, and 43GHz multi-epoch VLBA observations. From ridge-line fitting we obtained width measurements along the jet and counter-jet which were fitted with broken power-laws. We find a break in the jet collimation profile at ~10^4^R_s_ (Schwarzschild radii). Downstream of the break the collimation is conical with a power-law index of 1.0-1.2 (cylindrical 0; parabolic 0.5; conical 1). The upstream power-law index of 0.36 for the approaching jet is neither cylindrical nor parabolic and for the receding jet with 0.16 close-to cylindrical. Both jets have an opening angle of ~30 degree at a distance of ~10^3R_S_ and are well collimated with an opening angle of <10 degrees downstream of the break. There are significant differences in the upstream collimation profile between approaching (Eastern) and receding (Western) jet. Absorption or scattering in the surrounding torus as well as an accretion wind may mimic a cylindrical profile. We need to increase the observing frequencies, which do not suffer from absorption to find the true jet collimation profile upstream of 10^4^R_s_.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A67
- Title:
- Jet collimation in NGC 315
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The collimation of relativistic jets in galaxies is a poorly understood process. Detailed radio studies of the jet collimation region have been performed so far in a few individual objects, providing important constraints for jet formation models. However, the extent of the collimation zone as well as the nature of the external medium possibly confining the jet are still debated. In this article, we present a multifrequency and multiscale analysis of the radio galaxy NGC 315, including the use of mm-VLBI data up to 86GHz, aimed at revealing the evolution of the jet collimation profile. We then consider results from the literature to compare the jet expansion profile in a sample of 27 low-redshift sources, mainly comprising radio galaxies and BL Lacs, which were classified based on the accretion properties as low-excitation (LEG) and high-excitation (HEG) galaxies. We propose that the jet collimation in NGC 315 is completed on sub-parsec scales. A transition from a parabolic to conical jet shape is detected at z_t_=0.58+/-0.28-parsecs or ~5x10^3& Schwarzschild radii (Rs) from the central engine, a distance which is much smaller than the Bondi radius, rB~92pc, estimated based on X-ray data. The jet in this and in a few other LEG in our sample may be initially confined by a thick disk extending out to ~10^3^-10^4^R_{sun}_. A comparison between the mass-scaled jet expansion profiles of all sources indicates that jets in HEG are surrounded by thicker disk-launched sheaths and collimate on larger scales with respect to jets in LEG. These results suggest that disk winds play an important role in the jet collimation mechanism, particularly in high-luminosity sources. The impact of winds on the origin of the FRI and FRII dichotomy in radio galaxies is also discussed.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A127
- Title:
- Jet-driven outflow in ESO 420-G13
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/633/A127
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A prominent jet-driven outflow of CO(2-1) molecular gas is found along the kinematic minor axis of the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO 420-G13, at a distance of 340-600pc from the nucleus. The wind morphology resembles a characteristic funnel shape, formed by a highly collimated filamentary emission at the base, likely tracing the jet propagation through a tenuous medium, until a bifurcation point at 440pc where the jet hits a dense molecular core and shatters, dispersing the molecular gas into several clumps and filaments within the expansion cone. We also trace the jet in ionised gas within the inner ~340pc using the [NeII]12.8um line emission, where the molecular gas follows a circular rotation pattern. The wind outflow carries a mass of ~8x10^6^M_{sun}_ at an average wind projected speed of ~160km/s, which implies a mass outflow rate of ~14M_{sun}_/yr. Based on the structure of the outflow and the budget of energy and momentum, we discard radiation pressure from the active nucleus, star formation, and supernovae as possible launching mechanisms. ESO 420-G13 is the second case after NGC 1377 where the presence of a previously unknown jet is revealed due to its interaction with the interstellar medium, suggesting that unknown jets in feeble radio nuclei might be more common than expected. Two possible jet-cloud configurations are discussed to explain the presence of an outflow at such distance from the AGN. The outflowing gas will likely not escape, thus a delay in the star formation rather than quenching is expected from this interaction, while the feedback effect would be confined within the central few hundred parsecs of the galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/846/98
- Title:
- Jet kinematics of blazars at 43GHz with the VLBA
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/846/98
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze the parsec-scale jet kinematics from 2007 June to 2013 January of a sample of {gamma}-ray bright blazars monitored roughly monthly with the Very Long Baseline Array at 43GHz. In a total of 1929 images, we measure apparent speeds of 252 emission knots in 21 quasars, 12 BL Lacertae objects (BLLacs), and 3 radio galaxies, ranging from 0.02c to 78c; 21% of the knots are quasi-stationary. Approximately one-third of the moving knots execute non-ballistic motions, with the quasars exhibiting acceleration along the jet within 5pc (projected) of the core, and knots in BLLacs tending to decelerate near the core. Using the apparent speeds of the components and the timescales of variability from their light curves, we derive the physical parameters of 120 superluminal knots, including variability Doppler factors, Lorentz factors, and viewing angles. We estimate the half-opening angle of each jet based on the projected opening angle and scatter of intrinsic viewing angles of knots. We determine characteristic values of the physical parameters for each jet and active galactic nucleus class based on the range of values obtained for individual features. We calculate the intrinsic brightness temperatures of the cores, T_b,int_^core^, at all epochs, finding that the radio galaxies usually maintain equipartition conditions in the cores, while ~30% of T_b,int_^core^ measurements in the quasars and BLLacs deviate from equipartition values by a factor >10. This probably occurs during transient events connected with active states.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/861/97
- Title:
- Jet power of blazars from the TGSS at 150MHz
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/861/97
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The composition and energy dissipation in jets are two of the fundamental questions of jet physics that are not fully understood. In this paper, we attempt to constrain the composition, magnetization, and radiative efficiency for blazars with the recently released low-frequency radio catalog of the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey at 150MHz. The jet power estimated from the low-frequency radio emission is much lower than that derived from spectral energy distribution fitting assuming one proton per electron. Assuming the jet power estimated from low-frequency radio emission is physical, the fraction of electron/positron pairs can be constrained with n_pairs_/n_p_~10. By comparing the power carried by the magnetic field and radiation with the jet power estimated from the low-frequency radio emission, we find both the relatively high magnetization parameter of {sigma}~0.5 and the radiative efficiency of {eta}~0.4 in the dissipation region of blazars. These results suggest that magnetic reconnection processes may play an important role in the energy dissipation of blazars. We also explore the connection between these three parameters (n_pairs_/n_p_, {sigma}, and {eta}) and the black hole mass, disk luminosity, and Eddington ratio. No significant correlation is found, except that {sigma} shows a possible correlation with disk luminosity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/235/39
- Title:
- Jet properties of {gamma}-ray-loud 3FGL AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/235/39
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Based on broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we estimate the jet physical parameters of 1392 {gamma}-ray-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the largest sample so far. The (SED) jet power and magnetization parameter are derived for these AGNs. Out of these sources, the accretion disk luminosity of 232 sources and (extended) kinetic jet powers of 159 sources are compiled from archived papers. We find the following. (1) Flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lacs are well separated by {Gamma}=-0.127logL_{gamma}_+8.18 in the {gamma}-ray luminosity versus photon index plane with a success rate of 88.6%. (2) Most FSRQs present a (SED) jet power larger than the accretion power, which suggests that the relativistic jet-launching mechanism is dominated by the Blandford-Znajek process. This result confirms previous findings. (3) There is a significant anticorrelation between jet magnetization and a ratio of the (SED) jet power to the (extended) kinetic jet power, which, for the first time, provides supporting evidence for the jet energy transportation theory: a high- magnetization jet may more easily transport energy to a large scale than a low-magnetization jet.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/566/A122
- Title:
- JHK and IRAC photometry of Sh2-90 YSOs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/566/A122
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the star formation activity in the molecular complex associated with the Galactic HII region Sh2-90. We obtain the distribution of the ionized and cold neutral gas using radio-continuum and Herschel observations. We use near-infrared and Spitzer data to investigate the stellar content of the complex. We discuss the evolutionary status of embedded massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) using their spectral energy distribution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/141/23
- Title:
- JHK' imaging photometry of Seyfert 1. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/141/23
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Near-infrared JHK' imaging photometry was obtained of 331 AGNs consisting mainly of Seyfert 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars (QSOs). This sample was selected to cover a range of radio emission strength, redshift from z=0 to 1, and absolute B magnitude from M_B_=-29mag to -18mag. Among low-z AGNs with z<0.3, Seyfert 1-1.5 AGNs are distributed over a region from a location typical of "galaxies" to a location typical of "QSOs" in the two-color J-H to H-K' diagram, but Seyfert 1.8-2 AGNs are distributed around the location of "galaxies". Moreover, bright AGNs with respect to absolute B magnitude are distributed near the location of "QSOs," while faint AGNs are near the location of "galaxies". The distribution of such low-z AGNs in this diagram was found to have little dependence on their 6 cm radio flux. The near-infrared colors of the AGNs observed with an aperture of 7 pixels (7.49") are more QSO-like than those observed with larger apertures up to 15 pixels (16.1"). This aperture effect may be explained by contamination from the light of host galaxies within larger apertures. This effect is more prominent for less luminous AGNs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/141/31
- Title:
- JHK' imaging photometry of Seyfert 1. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/141/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Observations of 226 AGNs in the near-infrared J, H, and K' bands are presented along with the analysis of the observations for variability. Our sample consists mainly of Seyfert 1 AGNs and QSOs. About a quarter of the objects in each category are radio loud. The AGNs in the entire sample have the redshifts spanning the range from z=0 to 1, and the absolute magnitudes from M_B_=-29 to -18. All the objects were observed twice, and their variability was measured by differential photometry. A reduction method of differential photometry, optimized to the analysis of extended images, has been developed. The systematic error in variability arising from AGNs of highly extended images is estimated to be less than 0.01mag in each of the J, H, and K' bands. The systematic error arising from the flat-fielding is negligible for most AGNs, although it is more than 0.1mag for some particular cases. The overall average flat-fielding error is 0.03mag for the image pairs. We find that these systematic errors are superseded by statistical errors, and the overall average total systematic and statistical errors amounts to 0.05mag in the measured variability in each band.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/448/464
- Title:
- JHK lightcurves of red giants in the SMC
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/448/464
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Long-term JHK light curves have recently become available for large numbers of the more luminous stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We have used these JHK light curves, along with OGLE (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) V and I light curves, to examine the variability of a sample of luminous red giants in the SMC which show prominent long secondary periods (LSPs). The origin of the LSPs is currently unknown. In oxygen-rich stars, we found that while most broad-band colours (e.g. V- I) get redder when an oxygen-rich star dims during its LSP cycle, the J-K colour barely changes and sometimes becomes bluer. We interpret the J-K colour changes as being due to increasing water vapour absorption during declining light caused by the development of a layer of dense cool gas above the photosphere. This result and previous observations which indicate the development of a chromosphere between minimum to maximum light suggest that the LSP phenomenon is associated with the ejection of matter from the stellar photosphere near the beginning of light decline. We explore the possibility that broad-band light variations from the optical to the near-infrared regions can be explained by either dust absorption by ejected matter or large spots on a rotating stellar surface. However, neither model is capable of explaining the observed light variations in a variety of colour-magnitude diagrams. We conclude that some other mechanism is responsible for the light variations associated with LSPs in red giants.