We present a catalogue of galaxies for which spatially resolved data on their internal kinematics have been published; there is no a priori restriction regarding their morphological type. The catalogue lists the references to the articles where the data are published, as well as a coded description of these data: observed emission or absorption line, velocity or velocity dispersion, radial profile or 2D field, observed position angle. This catalogue will be updated. Check for recent version at the URL: http://www-obs.univ-lyon1.fr/~prugniel/cgi-bin/hypercat/
New radial velocity measurements for previously known and newly confirmed globular clusters (GCs) in the nearby massive galaxy NGC 5128 are presented. We have obtained spectroscopy from LDSS-2/Magellan, VIMOS/Very Large Telescope, and HYDRA/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory from which we have measured the radial velocities of 218 known, and identified 155 new, GCs. The current sample of confirmed GCs in NGC 5128 is now 605 with 563 of these having radial velocity measurements, the second largest kinematic database for any galaxy. We have performed a new kinematic analysis of the GC system that extends out to 45' in galactocentric radius. We have examined the systemic velocity, projected rotation amplitude and axis, and the projected velocity dispersion of the GCs as functions of galactocentric distance and metallicity.
We have redetermined kinematic parameters of the Gould Belt using currently available data on the motion of nearby young (logt<7.91) open clusters, OB associations, and moving stellar groups. Our modeling shows that the residual velocities reach their maximum values of -4km/s for rotation (in the direction of Galactic rotation) and +4km/s for expansion at a distance from the kinematic center of 300pc. We have taken the following parameters of the Gould Belt center: R_0_=150pc and l_0_=128{deg}. The whole structure is shown to move relative to the local standard of rest at a velocity of 10.7+/-0.7km/s in the direction l=274+/-4{deg} and b=-1+/-3{deg}. Using the derived rotation velocity, we have estimated the virial mass of the Gould Belt to be 1.5 million solar masses.
We explore the kinematics and orbital properties of a sample of red giants in the halo system of the Milky Way that are thought to have formed in globular clusters based on their anomalously strong UV/blue CN bands. The orbital parameters of the CN-strong halo stars are compared to those of the inner- and outer-halo populations as described by Carollo et al. (2007Natur.450.1020C, 2010ApJ...712..692C), and to the orbital parameters of globular clusters with well-studied Galactic orbits. The CN-strong field stars and the globular clusters both exhibit kinematics and orbital properties similar to the inner-halo population, indicating that stripped or destroyed globular clusters could be a significant source of inner-halo field stars, and suggesting that both the CN-strong stars and the majority of globular clusters are primarily associated with this population.
We discuss the kinematic properties of a sample of 1936 Galactic stars, selected without kinematic bias, and with abundances [Fe/H] <= -0.6. The stars selected for this study all have measured radial velocities, and the majority have abundances determined from spectroscopic and narrow-/intermediate-band photometric techniques. In contrast to previous examinations of the kinematics of the metal-poor stars in the Galaxy, our sample contains large numbers of stars that are located at distances in excess of 1 kpc from the Galactic plane. Thus, a much clearer picture of the nature of the metal-deficient populations in the Galaxy can now be drawn. Our present data can be well described in terms of a two-component kinematic model consisting of a thick disk, rotating at roughly 200 km/s (independent of metal abundance), and an essentially nonrotating halo. The kinematics of these two components suggest a very broad overlap in metallicity; the thick disk is shown to possess an extremely metal-weak tail, extending to abundances even lower than previously reported, down to at least [Fe/H] ~ -2.0. A "minimal-assumptions" maximum-likelihood model is used to show that below [Fe/H] = -1.5 roughly 30% of stars in the solar neighbourhood can be kinematically associated with the thick disk. Over the metallicity interval -1.6 <= [Fe/H] <= -1.0, the thick-disk proportion rises to 60%. This fraction is only slightly smaller than contribution of thick-disk stars derived by Morrison, Flynn, and Freeman in the same metallicity interval (80%). Our confirmation that significant numbers of stars with thick-disk-like kinematics exist in the solar neighbourhood at arbitrarily low metal abundance suggests that previous disagreements about the correlation of population rotation velocities and metal abundance (e.g. Sandage & Fouts vs. Norris) may be due primarily to the selection criteria employed, and the resulting different contribution of metal-weak thick-disk stars to the respective data sets. The non-Gaussian nature of the velocity distribution of extremely metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] <= -1.5) in the directions of the Galactic poles reported by previous workers can also be understood as a consequence of the overlap between a cold metal-weak thick-disk population and a hot halo population. A maximum-likelihood technique has been developed in order to estimate the velocity ellipsoids of the thick-disk and halo components of the Galaxy. From the 349 stars in our sample with -1.0 <= [Fe/H] <= -0.6 and |z| <= 1 kpc, the velocity ellipsoid of the thick disk is (sigma_U, sigma_V, sigma_W) = (63 +/- 7, 42 +/- 4, 38 +/- 4) km/s. These values are in remarkably good accord with the predicted thick-disk velocity ellipsoid obtained by Quinn, Hernquist, and Fullagar from simulations of a satellite-merger formation scenario. Based on this velocity ellipsoid, a radial scale length for thick-disk stars of h_R = 4.7 +/- 0.5 kpc is obtained, larger than reported by Morrison, and similar to the value obtained for the old-disk population. However, the apparent equality of sigma_V and sigma_W is evidence that the thick disk is kinematically distinct from the old-disk population, where sigma_V:sigma_W ~ 2^{1/2}:1. We find a substantially smaller asymmetric-drift velocity gradient for presumed thick-disk stars (delta Vrot/delta |z| = -13 +/- 6 km/s/kpc) than reported by Majewski (delta Vrot/delta |z| = -21 +/- 1 km/s/kpc). From 887 stars in our sample with [Fe/H] <= -1.5 the local velocity ellipsoid of the halo is (sigma_r, sigma_phi, sigma_theta) = (153 +/- 10, 93 +/- 18, 107 +/- 7) km/s, that is, strongly radially peaked, as indicated by previous studies. We find little difference in the velocity ellipsoids of this sample when it is split into two roughly equal pieces with -2.2 <= [Fe/H] <= -1.5 and [Fe/H] <= -2.2, which indicates a lack of radial metallicity gradient in the halo, as found from studies of the Galactic globular cluster system. The velocity ellipsoid obtained from the small number of stars in our sample with Galactocentric distances r > 10 kpc (N = 61) is (sigma_r, sigma_phi, sigma_theta) = (115 +/- 18, 138 +/- 78, 110 +/- 24) km/s, much less radially elongated than found for the local sample.
The space motions of Mira variables are derived from radial velocities, Hipparcos (<I/239>) proper motions and a period-luminosity relation. The previously known dependence of Mira kinematics on the period of pulsation is confirmed and refined. In addition, it is found that Miras with periods in the range 145-200d in the general Solar neighbourhood have a net radial outward motion from the Galactic Centre of 75+/-18km/s. This, together with a lag behind the circular velocity of Galactic rotation of 98+/-19km/s, is interpreted as evidence for an elongation of their orbits, with their major axes aligned at an angle of ~17{deg} with the Sun-Galactic Centre line, towards positive Galactic longitudes. This concentration seems to be a continuation to the Solar circle and beyond of the bar-like structure of the Galactic bulge, with the orbits of some local Miras probably penetrating into the bulge. These conclusions are not sensitive to the distance scale adopted. A further analysis is given of the short-period (SP) red group of Miras discussed in companion papers in this series. In Appendix A the mean radial velocities and other data for 842 oxygen-rich Mira-like variables are tabulated. These velocities were derived from published optical and radio observations.
We report 472 new redshifts for 416 galaxies in the regions of the 23 poor clusters of galaxies originally identified by Morgan, Kayser, and White, and Albert, White and Morgan. Eighteen of the poor clusters now have 10 or more available redshifts within 1.5h^-1 Mpc of the central galaxy; 11 clusters have at least 20 available redshifts. Based on the 21 clusters for which we have sufficient velocity information, the median velocity scale is 336 km/s, a factor of 2 smaller than found for rich clusters. Several of the poor clusters exhibit complex velocity distributions due to the presence of nearby clumps of galaxies. We check on the velocity of the dominant galaxy in each poor cluster relative to the remaining cluster members. Significantly high relative velocities of the dominant galaxy are found in only 4 of 21 poor clusters, 3 of which we suspect are due to contamination of the parent velocity distribution. Several statistical tests indicate that the D/cD galaxies are at the kinematic centers of the parent poor cluster velocity distributions. Mass-to-light ratios for 13 of the 15 poor clusters for which we have the required data are in the range 50 <= M/L_B(0) <= 200 Msun/Lsun. The complex nature of the regions surrounding many of the poor clusters suggests that these groupings may represent an early epoch of cluster formation. For example, the poor clusters MKW7 and MKW8 are shown to be gravitationally bound and likely to merge to form a richer cluster within the next several Gyrs. Eight of the nine other poor clusters for which simple two-body dynamical models can be carried out are consistent with being bound to other clumps in their vicinity. Additional complex systems with more than two gravitationally bound clumps are observed among the poor clusters.
In the last three decades several hundred nearby members of young stellar moving groups (MGs) have been identified, but there has been less systematic effort to quantify or characterize young stars that do not belong to previously identified MGs. Using a kinematically unbiased sample of 225 lithium-rich stars within 100 pc, we find that only 50+/-10 per cent of young (<=125Myr), low-mass (0.5<M/M_{sun}_<1.0) stars, are kinematically associated with known MGs. Whilst we find some evidence that five of the non-MG stars may be connected with the Lower Centaurus-Crux association, the rest form a kinematically 'hotter' population, much more broadly dispersed in velocity, and with no obvious concentrations in space. The mass distributions of the MG members and non-MG stars are similar, but the non-MG stars may be older on average. We briefly discuss several explanations for the origin of the non-MG population.
There are only a few tracers available to probe the kinematics of individual early-type galaxies beyond one effective radius. Here we directly compare a sample of planetary nebulae (PNe), globular clusters (GCs) and galaxy starlight velocities out to approximately four effective radii, in the S0 galaxy NGC 2768. Using a bulge-to-disc decomposition of a K-band image we assign PNe and starlight to either the disc or the bulge. We show that the bulge PNe and bulge starlight follow the same radial density distribution as the red subpopulation of GCs, whereas the disc PNe and disc starlight are distinct components. We find good kinematic agreement between the three tracers to several effective radii (and with stellar data in the inner regions). Further support for the distinct nature of the two galaxy components comes from our kinematic analysis. After separating the tracers into bulge and disc components we find the bulge to be a slowly rotating pressure-supported system, whereas the disc reveals a rapidly rising rotation curve with a declining velocity dispersion profile. The resulting Vrot/{sigma} ratio for the disc resembles that of a spiral galaxy and hints at an origin for NGC 2768 as a transformed late-type galaxy. A two-component kinematic analysis for a sample of S0s will help to elucidate the nature of this class of galaxy.
We present a kinematic study of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) based upon RVs measured by multifiber echelle spectroscopy at the 6.5m MMT and Magellan telescopes. Velocities are reported for 1613 stars, with multi-epoch data for 727 objects as part of our continuing effort to detect and analyze spectroscopic binaries (SBs). We confirm and extend the results of Furesz et al. (2008, Cat. J/ApJ/676/1109), showing that the ONC is not relaxed, consistent with its youth, and that the stars generally follow the position-velocity structure of the moderate density gas in the region, traced by ^13^CO. The additional RVs we have measured enable us to probe some discrepancies between stellar and gaseous structure which can be attributed to binary motion and the inclusion of nonmembers in our kinematic sample. Our multi-epoch data allow us to identify 89 SBs; more will be found as we continue monitoring. Our results reinforce the idea that the ONC is a cluster in formation, and thus provide a valuable testing ground for theory.