- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A34
- Title:
- Lithium in red giant stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/633/A34
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Lithium is extensively known to be a good tracer of non-standard mixing processes occurring in stellar interiors. We present the results of a new large Lithium survey in red giant stars and combine it with surveys from the literature to probe the impact of rotation-induced mixing and thermohaline double-diffusive instability along stellar evolution. We determined the surface Li abundance for a sample of 829 giant stars with accurate Gaia parallaxes for a large subsample (810 stars) complemented with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes (19 stars). The spectra of our sample of northern and southern giant stars were obtained in three ground-based observatories (Observatoire de Haute-Provence, ESO-La Silla, and the Mc Donald Observatory). We determined the atmospheric parameters (Teff, log(g) and [Fe/H]), and the Li abundance. We used Gaia parallaxes and photometry to determine the luminosity of our objects and we estimated the mass and evolution status of each sample star with a maximum-likelihood technique using stellar evolution models computed with the STAREVOL code. We compared the observed Li behaviour with predictions from stellar models, including rotation and thermohaline mixing. The same approach was used for stars from selected Li surveys from the literature. Rotation-induced mixing accounts nicely for the lithium behaviour in stars warmer than about 4200K, independently of the mass domain. For stars with masses lower than 2M_{sun}_ thermohaline mixing leads to further Li depletion below the Teff of the RGB bump (about 4000K), and on the early AGB, as observed. Depending on the definition we adopt, we find between 0.8 and 2.2% of Li-rich giants in our new sample. Gaia puts a new spin on the understanding of mixing processes in stars, and our study confirms the importance of rotation-induced processes and of thermohaline mixing. However asteroseismology is required to definitively pinpoint the actual evolution status of Li-rich giants.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/657/A33
- Title:
- Lithium in the LRGB of 5 globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/657/A33
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Lithium is one of the few elements produced during the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in the early universe. Moreover, its fragility makes it useful as a proxy for stellar environmental conditions. As such, the lithium abundance in old systems is at the core of different astrophysical problems. Stars in the lower red giant branch allow studying globular clusters where main sequence stars are too faint to be observed. We use these stars to analyze the initial Li content of the clusters and compare it to cosmological predictions, to measure spreads in Li between different stellar populations, and to study signs of extra depletion in these giants.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/819/135
- Title:
- Lithium-rich giants in globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/819/135
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Although red giants deplete lithium on their surfaces, some giants are Li-rich. Intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars can generate Li through the Cameron-Fowler conveyor, but the existence of Li-rich, low-mass red giant branch (RGB) stars is puzzling. Globular clusters are the best sites to examine this phenomenon because it is straightforward to determine membership in the cluster and to identify the evolutionary state of each star. In 72 hours of Keck/DEIMOS exposures in 25 clusters, we found four Li-rich RGB and two Li-rich AGB stars. There were 1696 RGB and 125 AGB stars with measurements or upper limits consistent with normal abundances of Li. Hence, the frequency of Li-richness in globular clusters is (0.2+/-0.1)% for the RGB, (1.6+/-1.1)% for the AGB, and (0.3+/-0.1)% for all giants. Because the Li-rich RGB stars are on the lower RGB, Li self-generation mechanisms proposed to occur at the luminosity function bump or He core flash cannot explain these four lower RGB stars. We propose the following origin for Li enrichment: (1) All luminous giants experience a brief phase of Li enrichment at the He core flash. (2) All post-RGB stars with binary companions on the lower RGB will engage in mass transfer. This scenario predicts that 0.1% of lower RGB stars will appear Li-rich due to mass transfer from a recently Li-enhanced companion. This frequency is at the lower end of our confidence interval.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/689/1295
- Title:
- Lithium test implications for brown dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/689/1295
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using a large sample of optical spectra of late-type dwarfs, we identify a subset of late-M through L field dwarfs that, because of the presence of low-gravity features in their spectra, are believed to be unusually young. From a combined sample of 303 field L dwarfs, we find observationally that 7.6+/-1.6% are younger than 100Myr. This percentage is in agreement with theoretical predictions once observing biases are taken into account. We find that these young L dwarfs tend to fall in the southern hemisphere (DEC<0{deg}) and may be previously unrecognized, low-mass members of nearby, young associations like Tucana-Horologium, TW Hydrae, {beta} Pictoris, and AB Doradus. We use a homogeneously observed sample of ~150 optical spectra to examine lithium strength as a function of L/T spectral type and further corroborate the trends noted by Kirkpatrick and coworkers. We use our low-gravity spectra to investigate lithium strength as a function of age. The data weakly suggest that for early- to mid-L dwarfs the line strength reaches a maximum for a fewx100Myr, whereas for much older (few Gyr) and much younger (<100Myr) L dwarfs the line is weaker or undetectable.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/66
- Title:
- LITTLE THINGS catalog of HI holes in 41 galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/66
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of holes and shells in the neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) of 41 gas-rich dwarf galaxies in LITTLE THINGS (Local Irregulars That Trace Luminosity Extremes, The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey). We analyzed their properties as part of an investigation into the relation between star formation and structures and kinematics in the HI of small galaxies. We confirmed 306 holes between 38pc (our resolution limit) and 2.3kpc, with expansion velocities up to 30km/s. The global star formation rates (SFRs) measured by H{alpha} and far-UV (FUV) emission are consistent with those estimated from the energy required to create the cataloged holes in our sample. Although we found no obvious correlation between global star forming regions (SFRs) and the HI surface and volume porosities of our sample, two of the four galaxies with the lowest porosity and the two galaxies with the highest porosity have no recent star formation as measured by H{alpha} and FUV emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/136
- Title:
- LITTLE THINGS dwarf irregular galaxies FUV regions
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/136
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We examine FUV images of the LITTLE THINGS sample of nearby dwarf irregular (dIrr) and Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies to identify distinct young regions in their far outer disks. We use these data, obtained with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer satellite, to determine the furthest radius at which in situ star formation can currently be identified. The FUV knots are found at distances from the center of the galaxies of 1-8 disk scale lengths and have ages of =<20 Myr and masses of 20 M_{sun}_ to 1x10^5^ M_{sun}_. The presence of young clusters and OB associations in the outer disks of dwarf galaxies shows that dIrrs do have star formation taking place there in spite of the extreme nature of the environment. Most regions are found where the H I surface density is ~1 M_{sun}_/pc^2^, though both the H I and dispersed old stars go out much further. This limiting density suggests a cutoff in the ability to form distinct OB associations and perhaps even stars. We compare the star formation rates in the FUV regions to the average rates expected at their radii and beyond from the observed gas, using the conventional correlation for gas-rich regions. The localized rates are typically 10% of the expected average rates for the outer disks. Either star formation in dIrrs at surface densities <1 M_{sun}_/pc^2^ occurs without forming distinct associations, or the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation over-predicts the rate beyond this point. In the latter case, the stellar disks in the far-outer parts of dIrrs result from scattering of stars from the inner disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/144/134
- Title:
- LITTLE THINGS survey of nearby dwarf galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/144/134
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present LITTLE THINGS (Local Irregulars That Trace Luminosity Extremes, The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey), which is aimed at determining what drives star formation in dwarf galaxies. This is a multi-wavelength survey of 37 dwarf irregular and 4 blue compact dwarf galaxies that is centered around HI-line data obtained with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) Very Large Array (VLA). The HI-line data are characterized by high sensitivity ({<=}1.1mJy/beam per channel), high spectral resolution ({<=}2.6km/s), and high angular resolution (~6"). The LITTLE THINGS sample contains dwarf galaxies that are relatively nearby ({<=}10.3Mpc; 6" is {<=}300pc), that were known to contain atomic hydrogen, the fuel for star formation, and that cover a large range in dwarf galactic properties. We describe our VLA data acquisition, calibration, and mapping procedures, as well as HI map characteristics, and show channel maps, moment maps, velocity-flux profiles, and surface gas density profiles. In addition to the HI data we have GALEX UV and ground-based UBV and H{alpha} images for most of the galaxies, and JHK images for some. Spitzer mid-IR images are available for many of the galaxies as well. These data sets are available online.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/421/763
- Title:
- Liverpool-Edinburgh High Proper Motion Catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/421/763
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a machine selected catalogue of 11289 objects with proper motions exceeding 0.18arcsec/yr and an R-band faint magnitude limit of 19.5mag. The catalogue was produced using SuperCOSMOS digitized R-Band ESO and UK Schmidt Plates in 287 Schmidt fields covering almost 7000 square degrees (~17% of the whole sky) at the South Galactic Cap. The catalogue includes UK Schmidt BJ and I magnitudes for all of the stars as well as 2MASS magnitudes for 10447 of the catalogue stars. We also show that the NLTT is ~95% complete for DE>-32.5{deg}.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/397/575
- Title:
- Liverpool-Edinburgh high proper motion survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/397/575
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalogue of 6206 stars which have proper motions exceeding 0.18 arcsec/yr with an R-band faint magnitude limit of 19.5mag. This catalogue has been produced using SuperCOSMOS digitized R-Band ESO and UK Schmidt Plates in 131 Schmidt fields covering more than 3,000 square degrees (>7.5% of the whole sky) at the South Galactic Cap. The survey is >90% complete within the nominal limits of the Luyten Two Tenths Catalogue of m_R_<18.5mag and 0.2<{mu}<2.5arcsec/yr, and is >80% complete for m_R_<19.5mag and {mu}<2.5arcsec/yr.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/639/A121
- Title:
- LkCa 15 and 2MASS J16100501-2132318 ALMa images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/639/A121
- Date:
- 23 Mar 2022 16:30:37
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present high-resolution millimeter continuum ALMA observations of the disks around the T Tauri stars LkCa 15 and 2MASS J16100501-2132318 (hereafter, J1610). These transition disks host dust-depleted inner regions, which have possibly been carved by massive planets, and they are of prime interest to the study of the imprints of planet-disk interactions. While at moderate angular resolution, they appear as a broad ring surrounding a cavity, the continuum emission resolves into multiple rings at a resolution of ~60x40,mas (~7.5au for LkCa 15, ~6au for J1610) and ~7uJy/beam rms at 1.3mm. In addition to a broad extended component, LkCa 15 and J1610 host three and two narrow rings, respectively, with two bright rings in LkCa 15 being radially resolved. LkCa 15 possibly hosts another faint ring close to the outer edge of the mm emission. The rings look marginally optically thick, with peak optical depths of ~0.5 (neglecting scattering), in agreement with high angular resolution observations of full disks. We performed hydrodynamical simulations with an embedded, sub-Jovian-mass planet and show that the observed multi-ringed substructure can be qualitatively explained as the outcome of the planet-disk interaction. We note, however, that the choice of the disk cooling timescale alone can significantly impact the resulting gas and dust distributions around the planet, leading to different numbers of rings and gaps and different spacings between them. We propose that the massive outer disk regions of transition disks are favorable places for planetesimals, and possibly second-generation planet formation of objects with a lower mass than the planets carving the inner cavity (typically few M_Jup_), and that the annular substructures observed in LkCa~15 and J1610 may be indicative of planetary core formation within dust-rich pressure traps. Current observations are compatible with other mechanisms contributing to the origin of the observed substructures, in particular with regard to narrow rings generated (or facilitated) at the edge of the CO and N_2_ snowlines.