We present a sample of 329 low-to intermediate-redshift (0.05<z<0.3) brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in X-ray-selected clusters from the SPectroscopic IDentification of eRosita Sources survey, a spectroscopic survey within Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We define our BCGs by simultaneous consideration of legacy X-ray data from ROSAT, maximum-likelihood outputs from an optical cluster-finder algorithm and visual inspection. Using SDSS imaging data, we fit Sersic profiles to our BCGs in three bands (g, r, i) with SIGMA a GALFIT-based software wrapper. We examine the reliability of our fits by running our pipeline on ~10^4^ point spread function-convolved model profiles injected into eight random cluster fields; we then use the results of this analysis to create a robust subsample of 198 BCGs. We outline three cluster properties of interest: overall cluster X-ray luminosity (L_X_), cluster richness as estimated by REDMAPPER ({lambda}),and cluster halo mass (M_200_), which is estimated via velocity dispersion. In general, there are significant correlations with BCG stellar mass between all three environmental properties, but no significant trends arise with either Sersic index or effective radius. There is no major environmental dependence on the strength of the relation between effective radius and BCG stellar mass. Stellar mass therefore arises as the most important factor governing BCG morphology. Our results indicate that our sample consists of a large number of relaxed, mature clusters containing broadly homogeneous BCGs up to z~0.3, suggesting that there is little evidence for much ongoing structural evolution for BCGs in these systems.
We present the detection of [CII] 158um emission from the Spiderweb galaxy at z=2.1612 using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment. The line profile splits into an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and circum galactic medium (CGM) component previously identified in CO and [CI]. We find that these individual [CII] components are consistent in terms of CO and far-IR luminosity ratios with the populations of other z>~1 AGN and dusty star-forming galaxies. The CGM component dominates the [CII] emission in the 10" APEX beam. Although we do not have spatially resolved data, the close correspondence of the velocity profile with the CO(1-0) detected only on scales of tens of kiloparsecs in CO(1-0) suggests that the [CII] emission is similarly extended, reminiscent of [CII] halos recently found around z>5 galaxies. Comparing the first four ionization states of carbon, we find that the atomic [CI] emission is dominant, which increases its reliability as a molecular mass tracer. Our [CII] detection at 601.8 GHz also demonstrates the feasibility to extend the frequency range of ALMA Band 9 beyond the original specifications.
We present APEX LABOCA 870{mu}m observations of the field around the high-redshift radio galaxy MRC1138-262 at z=2.16. We detect 16 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in this ~140-arcmin^2^ bolometer map with flux densities in the range 3-11mJy. The raw number counts indicate a density of SMGs that is up to four times that of blank field surveys. Based on an exquisite multiwavelength database, including VLA 1.4 GHz radio and infrared observations, we investigate whether these sources are members of the protocluster structure at z=~2.2. Using Herschel PACS and SPIRE and Spitzer MIPS photometry, we derive reliable far-infrared (FIR) photometric redshifts for all sources. Follow-up VLT ISAAC and SINFONI NIR spectra confirm that four of these SMGs have redshifts of z=~2.2. We also present evidence that another SMG in this field, detected earlier at 850{mu}m, has a counterpart that exhibits H{alpha} and CO(1-0) emission at z=2.15. Including the radio galaxy and two SMGs with FIR photometric redshifts at z=2.2, we conclude that at least eight submm sources are part of the protocluster at z=2.16 associated with the radio galaxy MRC1138-262. We measure a star formation rate density SFRD~1500M_{sun}_/yr/Mpc^3^, four magnitudes higher than the global SFRD of blank fields at this redshift. Strikingly, these eight sources are concentrated within a region of 2Mpc (the typical size of clusters in the local universe) and are distributed within the filaments traced by the HAEs at z=~2.2. This concentration of massive, dusty starbursts is not centered on the submillimeter-bright radio galaxy which could support the infalling of these sources into the cluster center. Approximately half (6/11) of the SMGs that are covered by the H{alpha} imaging data are associated with HAEs, demonstrating the potential of tracing SMG counterparts with this population. To summarize, our results demonstrate that submillimeter observations may enable us to study (proto)clusters of massive, dusty starbursts.
We describe the first data release from the Spitzer-IRAC Equatorial Survey (SpIES); a large-area survey of ~115deg^2^ in the Equatorial SDSS Stripe 82 field using Spitzer during its "warm" mission phase. SpIES was designed to probe sufficient volume to perform measurements of quasar clustering and the luminosity function at z>=3 to test various models for "feedback" from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Additionally, the wide range of available multi-wavelength, multi-epoch ancillary data enables SpIES to identify both high-redshift (z>=5) quasars as well as obscured quasars missed by optical surveys. SpIES achieves 5{sigma} depths of 6.13uJy (21.93 AB magnitude) and 5.75uJy (22.0 AB magnitude) at 3.6 and 4.5um, respectively --depths significantly fainter than the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We show that the SpIES survey recovers a much larger fraction of spectroscopically confirmed quasars (~98%) in Stripe 82 than are recovered by WISE (~55%). This depth is especially powerful at high-redshift (z>=3.5), where SpIES recovers 94% of confirmed quasars, whereas WISE only recovers 25%. Here we define the SpIES survey parameters and describe the image processing, source extraction, and catalog production methods used to analyze the SpIES data. In addition to this survey paper, we release 234 images created by the SpIES team and three detection catalogs: a 3.6um only detection catalog containing ~6.1 million sources, a 4.5um only detection catalog containing ~6.5 million sources, and a dual-band detection catalog containing ~5.4 million sources.
This is a revised catalog of spiral winding direction of SDSS spiral galaxies published by Shamir (2017PASA...34...11S). Whether the spiral pattern as projected on the sky is S-wise or Z-wise (Shamir called them counter clock wise and clockwise, respectively) can be an unambiguous tool to identify whether the galaxy spin vector is pointing toward or away from us as all the spirals are safely regarded as trailing spirals (Iye et al., 2019ApJ...886..113S). We used Shamir's catalog to analyze the dipole anisotropy in their large-scale structure and found that there exist rather massive duplicated entries and a few other minor errors in the original catalog. In this revised version those duplicated entries are cleaned keeping the judgment of the spiral winding direction due to Shamir (2017PASA...34...11S) except for a several obviously inconsistent cases. These corrections were necessary to make analysis of the large scale distribution of spin vectors of galaxies of the SDSS sample in our paper.
We present one of the largest homogeneous sets of spiral and lenticular galaxy brightness profile decompositions completed to date. The 659 galaxies in our sample have been fitted with a de Vaucouleurs law for the bulge component and an inner-truncated exponential for the disk component. Of the 659 galaxies in the sample, 620 were successfully fitted with the chosen fitting functions. The fits are generally well defined, with more than 90% having rms deviations from the observed profile of less than 0.35mag. We find no correlations of fitting quality, as measured by these rms residuals, with either morphological type or inclination. Similarly, the estimated errors of the fitted coefficients show no significant trends with type or inclination. These decompositions form a useful basis for the study of the light distributions of spiral and lenticular galaxies. The object base is sufficiently large that well-defined samples of galaxies can be selected from it.
Using the astrometry and integrated photometry from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), we map the density variations in the distribution of young Upper Main Sequence (UMS) stars, open clusters and classical Cepheids in the Galactic disk within several kiloparsecs of the Sun. Maps of relative over/under-dense regions for UMS stars in the Galactic disk are derived, using both bivariate kernel density estimators and wavelet transformations. The resulting overdensity maps exhibit large-scale arches, that extend in a clumpy but coherent way over the entire sampled volume, indicating the location of the spiral arms segments in the vicinity of the Sun. Peaks in the UMS overdensity are well-matched by the distribution of young and intrinsically bright open clusters. By applying a wavelet transformation to a sample of classical Cepheids, we find that their overdensities possibly extend the spiral arm segments on a larger scale (~10kpc from the Sun). While the resulting map based on the UMS sample is generally consistent with previous models of the Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm, the geometry of the arms in the III quadrant (galactic longitudes 180{deg}<l<270{deg}) differs significantly from many previous models. In particular we find that our maps favour a larger pitch angle for the Perseus arm, and that the Local Arm extends into the III quadrant at least 4kpc past the Sun's position, giving it a total length of at least 8kpc.
Rotation curves have been obtained for 76 spiral galaxies in pairs, including a geometrically selected subset from the Karachentsev catalog and a set of Seyfert galaxies with close companions. Derived parameters of the rotation curves and the galaxies' light distributions are also presented. The rotation curves are classified broadly by shape, with special emphasis on kinematic disturbances and regions of solid-body behavior that may lead to bar development. Broadband images of the galaxies allow assessments of their degree of symmetry or disturbance. These velocity slices afford an empirical basis for evaluating the accuracy of radial velocity measures for spiral galaxies in pairs, and the dynamically important radial velocity differences. Specifically, the disagreement among several plausible ways of estimating the central velocity from these rotation data is used to estimate how closely any of these might approximate the nuclear or center-of-mass values. From seven indicators of central velocity, the internal scatter is delta_vv = 34 km/s. Of these, the velocity weighted by Halpha intensity along the slit shows a systematic offset of about 20 km/s with respect to the others for the Karachentsev pairs, in the sense that this measure is redshifted with respect to the other indicators. This is in the sense (but not of the total magnitude) required to account for statistical asymmetries in pair velocity differences. Individual scatter between the velocity indicators taken pairwise ranges from delta = 20 to 52 km/s. These results imply that emission-line data such as these cannot specify the center of mass or nuclear redshift at a level more accurate than this, even for arbitrarily precise velocity measurements, because it is not clear how the observed quantities relate to the desired measurement in a physical sense. No useful predictor of which galaxies have large or small scatter among velocity measures was found, except that the scatter is small for the class of "nonrotating" galaxies with small overall velocity amplitudes. Projected separation, separation normalized to disk scale length, and morphological disturbance do not correlate with velocity scatter.
File table5.dat contains the NGC (Cat. <VII/118>) numbers of the 40 galaxies observed in JHK with the MAGIC camera of the Calar Alto 2.2m telescope. Their absolute total JHK luminosities, the luminosities of disks and bulges, and the bulge-to-disk ratios were obtained by flux-calibrated 2-dimensional disk-bulge decompositions.
A sample of 54 nearby spiral galaxies was observed in the K' band with 3.5m NTT telescope, La Silla, ESO, to study the morphology and other properties of spiral perturbations in their disks. A subsample of the galaxies classified as ordinary, non-barred spirals was used to estimate frequency of weak bars detectable in the K' band. The tables provide general structural properties of the galaxies including estimated of the bulge/disk decomposition and spiral perturbations in the disks.