- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/436/1465
- Title:
- Star clusters distances and extinctions
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/436/1465
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Determining star cluster distances is essential to analyse their properties and distribution in the Galaxy. In particular, it is desirable to have a reliable, purely photometric distance estimation method for large samples of newly discovered cluster candidates e.g. from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, the UK Infrared Deep Sky Survey Galactic Plane Survey and VVV. Here, we establish an automatic method to estimate distances and reddening from near-infrared photometry alone, without the use of isochrone fitting. We employ a decontamination procedure of JHK photometry to determine the density of stars foreground to clusters and a galactic model to estimate distances. We then calibrate the method using clusters with known properties. This allows us to establish distance estimates with better than 40 percent accuracy. We apply our method to determine the extinction and distance values to 378 known open clusters and 397 cluster candidates from the list of Froebrich, Scholz & Raftery (2007MNRAS.374..399F, Cat. J/MNRAS/374/399). We find that the sample is biased towards clusters of a distance of approximately 3kpc, with typical distances between 2 and 6kpc. Using the cluster distances and extinction values, we investigate how the average extinction per kiloparsec distance changes as a function of the Galactic longitude. We find a systematic dependence that can be approximated by A_H_(l)[mag/kpc]=0.10+0.001x|l-180{deg}|/{deg} for regions more than 60{deg} from the Galactic Centre.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/444/290
- Title:
- Star clusters distances and extinctions. II.
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/444/290
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Until now, it has been impossible to observationally measure how star cluster scaleheight evolves beyond 1Gyr as only small samples have been available. Here, we establish a novel method to determine the scaleheight of a cluster sample using modelled distributions and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. This allows us to determine the scaleheight with a 25% accuracy for samples of 38 clusters or more. We apply our method to investigate the temporal evolution of cluster scaleheight, using homogeneously selected sub-samples of Kharchenko et al. (MWSC, 2012, Cat. J/A+A/543/A156, 2013, J/A+A/558/A53 ), Dias et al. (DAML02, 2002A&A...389..871D, Cat. B/ocl), WEBDA, and Froebrich et al. (FSR, 2007MNRAS.374..399F, Cat. J/MNRAS/374/399). We identify a linear relationship between scaleheight and log(age/yr) of clusters, considerably different from field stars. The scaleheight increases from about 40pc at 1Myr to 75pc at 1Gyr, most likely due to internal evolution and external scattering events. After 1Gyr, there is a marked change of the behaviour, with the scaleheight linearly increasing with log(age/yr) to about 550pc at 3.5Gyr. The most likely interpretation is that the surviving clusters are only observable because they have been scattered away from the mid-plane in their past. A detailed understanding of this observational evidence can only be achieved with numerical simulations of the evolution of cluster samples in the Galactic disc. Furthermore, we find a weak trend of an age-independent increase in scaleheight with Galactocentric distance. There are no significant temporal or spatial variations of the cluster distribution zero-point. We determine the Sun's vertical displacement from the Galactic plane as Z_{sun}_=18.5+/-1.2pc.
17763. Star clusters in IC 10
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/804/123
- Title:
- Star clusters in IC 10
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/804/123
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a survey of star clusters in the halo of IC 10, a starburst galaxy in the Local Group, based on Subaru R-band images and NOAO Local Group Survey UBVRI images. We find five new star clusters. All of these star clusters are located far from the center of IC 10, while previously known star clusters are mostly located in the main body. Interestingly, the distribution of these star clusters shows an asymmetrical structure elongated along the east and southwest directions. We derive UBVRI photometry of 66 star clusters, including these new star clusters, as well as previously known star clusters. Ages of the star clusters are estimated from a comparison of their UBVRI spectral energy distribution with the simple stellar population models. We find that the star clusters in the halo are all older than 1Gyr, while those in the main body have various ages, from very young (several Myr) to old (>1Gyr). The young clusters (<10Myr) are mostly located in the H{alpha} emission regions and are concentrated on a small region at 2" in the southeast direction from the galaxy center, while the old clusters are distributed in a wider area than the disk. Intermediate-age clusters (~100 Myr) are found in two groups. One is close to the location of the young clusters and the other is at ~ 4" from the location of the young clusters. The latter may be related to past mergers or tidal interaction.
17764. Star clusters in IC 10
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PAZh/35/829
- Title:
- Star clusters in IC 10
- Short Name:
- J/PAZh/35/829
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Based on our observations with the 6-m BTA telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we have performed stellar photometry for several regions of the irregular galaxy IC 10, a member of the Local Group. Distance moduli with a median value of m-M=24.47, D=780+/-4kpc, have been obtained by the TRGB method for several regions of IC 10. We have revealed 57 star clusters with various masses and ages within the fields used. Comparison of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams for star clusters in IC 10 with theoretical isochrones has shown that this galaxy has an enhanced metallicity, which probably explains the high ratio of the numbers of carbon and nitrogen Wolf-Rayet stars (WC/WN). The size of the galaxy's thick disk along its minor axis is 10.5' and a more extended halo is observed outside this disk.
17765. Star clusters in M33
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/451/3400
- Title:
- Star clusters in M33
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/451/3400
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present precision radial velocities and stellar population parameters for 77 star clusters in the Local Group galaxy M33. Our Gran Telescopio de Canarias and William Herschel Telescope observations sample both young, massive clusters and known/candidate globular clusters (GCs), spanning ages ~10^6-10^10yr, and metallicities, [M/H]~-1.7 to solar. The cluster system exhibits an age-metallicity relation; the youngest clusters are the most metal rich. When compared to HI data, clusters with [M/H]~-1.0 and younger than ~4Gyr are clearly identified as a disc population. The clusters show evidence for strong time evolution in the disc radial metallicity gradient (d[M/H]dt/dR=0.03dex/kpc/Gyr). The oldest clusters have stronger, more negative gradients than the youngest clusters in M33. The clusters also show a clear age-velocity dispersion relation. The line-of-sight velocity dispersions of the clusters increases with age similar to Milky Way open clusters and stars. The general shape of the relation is reproduced by disc heating simulations, and the similarity between the relations in M33 and the Milky Way suggests that heating by substructure and cooling of the interstellar medium both play a role in shaping this relation. We identify 12 'classical' GCs, six of which are newly identified GC candidates. The GCs are more metal rich than Milky Way halo clusters, and show weak rotation. The inner (R<4.5kpc) GCs exhibit a steep radial metallicity gradient (d[M/H]/dR=-0.29+/-0.11dex/kpc) and an exponential-like surface density profile. We argue that these inner GCs are thick disc rather than halo objects.
17766. Star clusters in M82
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/679/404
- Title:
- Star clusters in M82
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/679/404
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results obtained from an objective search for stellar clusters, both in the currently active nuclear starburst region, and in the poststarburst disk of M82. Images obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in F435W (B), F555W (V), and F814W (I) filters were used in the search for the clusters. We detected 653 clusters, of which 393 are located outside the central 450pc in the poststarburst disk of M82. The luminosity function of the detected clusters shows an apparent turnover at B=22mag (M_B_=-5.8), which we interpret from Monte Carlo simulations as due to incompleteness in the detection of faint clusters, rather than an intrinsic lognormal distribution. We derived a photometric mass of every detected cluster from models of simple stellar populations assuming a mean age of either 8 (nuclear clusters) or 100 (disk clusters) million years old. The mass functions of the disk (older) and the nuclear (younger) clusters follow power laws, the former being marginally flatter ({alpha}=1.5+/-0.1) than the latter ({alpha}=1.8+/-0.1). The distribution of sizes (FWHM) of clusters brighter than the apparent turnover magnitude (mass>~2x10^4^M_{sun}_) can be described by a lognormal function.
17767. Star Clusters in M33
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/122/431
- Title:
- Star Clusters in M33
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/122/431
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper we present the discovery of 60 star clusters in 20 multiband Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 fields in M33. The fields sample a variety of environments, from outer regions to spiral arms and central regions, as well as a range of galactocentric distances. The HST spatial resolution allowed us to penetrate the crowded, spiral arm regions of M33 yielding the first unbiased, representative sample of star clusters for this galaxy. We discuss the separation of clusters from stellar sources, and from other extended sources such as star-forming regions, H II regions, and supernova remnants. For the clusters we present multiband images and discuss morphology, location, and integrated photometry. Measured cluster colors and magnitudes are presented. The cluster density in our sample as a function of galactocentric distance yields an estimate of 690 total clusters in M33.
17768. Star clusters in M31
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/177/174
- Title:
- Star clusters in M31
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/177/174
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A new survey of star clusters in the southwest field of the M31 disk based on the high-resolution Subaru Suprime-Cam observations is presented. The UBVRI aperture CCD photometry catalog of 285 objects (V<~20.5mag; 169 of them identified for the first time) is provided. Each object is supplemented with multiband color maps presented in the electronic edition of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement. Seventy-seven star cluster candidates from the catalog are located in the Hubble Space Telescope archive frames.
17769. Star clusters in M31
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/137/94
- Title:
- Star clusters in M31
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/137/94
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an updated catalog of 1300 objects in the field of M31, including 670 likely star clusters of various types, the rest being stars or background galaxies once thought to be clusters. The coordinates in the catalog are accurate to 0.2", and are based on images from the Local Group Survey (LGS) or from the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS). Archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images and the LGS were inspected to confirm cluster classifications where possible, but most of the classifications are based on spectra taken of ~1000 objects with the Hectospec fiber positioner and spectrograph on the 6.5m MMT.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/463/1446
- Title:
- Star clusters in Magellanic Clouds
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/463/1446
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have introduced a semi-automated quantitative method to estimate the age and reddening of 1072 star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) III survey data. This study brings out 308 newly parameterised clusters. In a first of its kind, the LMC clusters are classified into groups based on richness/mass as very poor, poor, moderate and rich clusters, similar to the classification scheme of open clusters in the Galaxy. A major cluster formation episode is found to happen at 125+/-25Myr in the inner LMC. The bar region of the LMC appears prominently in the age range 60-250Myr and is found to have a relatively higher concentration of poor and moderate clusters. The eastern and the western ends of the bar are found to form clusters initially, which later propagates to the central part. We demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the distribution of clusters as a function of mass, using a movie based on the propagation (in space and time) of cluster formation in various groups. The importance of including the low mass clusters in the cluster formation history is demonstrated. The catalog with parameters, classification, and cleaned and isochrone fitted CMDs of 1072 clusters, which are available as online material, can be further used to understand the hierarchical formation of clusters in selected regions of the LMC.