- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/579/A80
- Title:
- Star-forming regions deuteration
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/579/A80
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The chemical evolution in high-mass star-forming regions is still poorly constrained. Studying the evolution of deuterated molecules allows distinguishing between subsequent stages of high-mass star formation regions based on the strong temperature dependence of deuterium isotopic fractionation. We observed a sample of 59 sources including 19 infrared dark clouds, 20 high-mass protostellar objects, 11 hot molecular cores and 9 ultra-compact HII regions in the (3-2) transitions of the four deuterated molecules, DCN, DNC, DCO^+^, and N_2_D^+^ as well as their non-deuterated counterparts. The overall detection fraction of DCN, DNC, and DCO^+^ is high and exceeds 50% for most of the stages. N_2_D^+^ was only detected in a few infrared dark clouds and high-mass protostellar objects. This may be related to problems in the bandpass at the transition frequency and to low abundances in the more evolved, warmer stages. We find median D/H ratios of 0.02 for DCN, 0.005 for DNC, 0.0025 for DCO^+^, and 0.02 for N_2_D^+^. While the D/H ratios of DNC, DCO^+^, and N_2_D^+^ decrease with time, DCN/HCN peaks at the hot molecular core stage. We only found weak correlations of the D/H ratios for N_2_D^+^ with the luminosity of the central source and the FWHM of the line, and no correlation with the H_2_ column density. In combination with a previously observed set of 14 other molecules (Paper I), we fitted the calculated column densities with an elaborate 1D physico-chemical model with time-dependent D-chemistry including ortho- and para-H_2_ states. Good overall fits to the observed data were obtained with the model. This is one of the first times that observations and modeling were combined to derive chemically based best-fit models for the evolution of high-mass star formation including deuteration.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/553/A87
- Title:
- Star forming regions in HST galaxies sample
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/553/A87
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The presence of small- and large-scale star formation structures in a sample of six spiral Hubble Space Telescope (HST) galaxies is investigated to identify small structures of young stars known as OB associations and to tell whether they are formed inside larger scale star forming stellar structures in a hierarchical form. This process was based on a friend-of-friend (FOF) algorithm applied to the bright, early type stars above a certain color cutoff limit in order to ensure that we include main sequence stars. A size criterion was introduced in order to apply the same algorithm to different types of stellar structures. Depending on their size, the structures were divided into the four categories of associations, aggregates, complexes, and supercomplexes. Star forming structures of the four types mentioned above are found in all six galaxies of our sample. The majority of the associations and aggregates (the smaller structures) found are lying inside larger structures like complexes and supercomplexes, indicating a hierarchical star formation mechanism.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/88/342
- Title:
- Star-forming regions in NGC 5585 and IC 1525
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/88/342
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use UBVRI CCD photometry to study star-forming regions (SFRs) in the galaxies NGC 5585 and IC 1525. The observations were acquired with the 1.5-m telescope of the Mt. Maidanak Observatory of the Astronomical Institute of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences (Uzbekistan), with seeing of 0.8"-1.8". We identified 47 SFRs in NGC 5585 and 16 SFRs in IC 1525.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/521/A8
- Title:
- Star-forming regions in NGC 2903 bar
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/521/A8
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The nearby barred spiral NGC 2903 has an active starburst at its centre and HII regions distributed along its bar. We analyse the star-formation properties in the bar region of NGC 2903 and study its links to the typical bar morphological features. We combine space and ground-based data from the far-ultraviolet to the sub-millimeter spectral ranges to create a panchromatic view of the NGC 2903 bar. We produce two catalogues: one for the current star-formation regions, as traced by the H{alpha} compact emission, and a second for the ultraviolet (UV) emitting knots, containing positions and luminosities. From them, we obtain ultraviolet colours, star-formation rates, dust attenuation, and H{alpha} EWs, and analyse their spatial distribution. We estimate stellar cluster ages using stellar population synthesis models (Starburst99).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/730/88
- Title:
- Star-forming regions in NGC 6822 from UV data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/730/88
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We characterize the star formation in the low-metallicity galaxy NGC 6822 over the past few hundred million years, using GALEX far-UV (FUV, 1344-1786{AA}) and near-UV (NUV, 1771-2831{AA}) imaging, and ground-based H{alpha} imaging. From the GALEX FUV image, we define 77 star-forming (SF) regions with area >860pc^2^, and surface brightness <~26.8 mag (AB) arcsec^-2^, within 0.2{deg} (1.7kpc) of the center of the galaxy. We estimate the extinction by interstellar dust in each SF region from resolved photometry of the hot stars it contains: E(B-V) ranges from the minimum foreground value of 0.22mag up to 0.66+/-0.21mag. The integrated FUV and NUV photometry, compared with stellar population models, yields ages of the SF complexes up to a few hundred Myr, and masses from 2x10^2^M_{sun}_ to 1.5x10^6^M_{sun}_. The derived ages and masses strongly depend on the assumed type of interstellar selective extinction, which we find to vary across the galaxy. The total mass of the FUV-defined SF regions translates into an average star formation rate (SFR) of 1.4x10^-2^M_{sun}_/yr over the past 100Myr, and SFR=1.0x10^-2^M_{sun}_/yr in the most recent 10Myr. The latter is in agreement with the value that we derive from the H{alpha} luminosity, SFR=0.008M_{sun}_/yr. The SFR in the most recent epoch becomes higher if we add the SFR=0.02M_{sun}_/yr inferred from far-IR measurements, which trace star formation still embedded in dust (age <~ a few Myr).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/456/4407
- Title:
- Star forming regions sulphur ICFs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/456/4407
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this work, we used a grid of photoionization models combined with stellar population synthesis models to derive reliable ionization correction factors (ICFs) for the sulphur in star-forming regions. These models cover a large range of nebular parameters and yielding ionic abundances in consonance with those derived through optical and infrared observational data of star-forming regions. From our theoretical ICFs, we suggested an {alpha} value of 3.27+/-0.01 in the classical Stasinska formulae. We compared the total sulphur abundance in the gas phase of a large sample of objects by using our theoretical ICF and other approaches. In average, the differences between the determinations via the use of the different ICFs considered are similar to the uncertainties in the S/H estimations. Nevertheless, we noted that for some objects it could reach up to about 0.3dex for the low-metallicity regime. Despite of the large scatter of the points, we found a trend of S/O ratio to decrease with the metallicity, independently of the ICF used to compute the sulphur total abundance.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/556/A98
- Title:
- Star-forming rings in NGC5248
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/556/A98
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The distribution of gas in the central kiloparsec of a galaxy has a dynamically rapid evolution. Nonaxisymmetries in the gravitational potential of the galactic disk, such as a large scale stellar bar or spiral, can lead to significant radial motion of gaseous material from larger radii to the central region. The large influx of gas and the subsequent star formation keep the central region constantly changing. However, the ability of gas to reach the nucleus proper to fuel an AGN phase is not guaranteed. Gas inflow can be halted at a circumnuclear star forming ring several hundred parsec away. The nearby galaxy NGC5248 is especially interesting in this sense since it is said to host 2 circumnuclear star forming rings at 100pc and 370pc from its quiescent nucleus. Here we present new subarcsecond PdBI+30m CO(2-1) emission line observations of the central region. For the first time the molecular gas distribution at the smallest stellar ring is resolved into a gas ring, consistent with the presence of a quiescent nucleus. However, the molecular gas shows no ring structure at the larger ring. We combine analyses of the gaseous and stellar content in the central kiloparsec of this galaxy to understand the gas distribution and dynamics of this star forming central region. We discuss the probability of two scenarios leading to the current observations, given our full understanding of this system, and discuss whether there are really two circumnuclear star forming rings in this galaxy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/817/10
- Title:
- Star-forming z~2.1 galaxy metallicities
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/817/10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We explore the evolution of the Stellar Mass-Star Formation Rate (SFR)-Metallicity relation using a set of 256 COSMOS and GOODS galaxies in the redshift range 1.90<z<2.35. We present the galaxies' rest-frame optical emission-line fluxes derived from IR-grism spectroscopy with the Hubble Space Telescope and combine these data with SFRs and stellar masses obtained from deep, multi-wavelength (rest-frame UV to IR) photometry. We then compare these measurements to those for a local sample of galaxies carefully matched in stellar mass (7.5<~log(M_{star}_/M_{sun}_<~10.5) and SFR (-0.5<~log(SFR)<~2.5 in M_{sun}_/yr). We find that the distribution of z~2.1 galaxies in stellar mass-SFR-metallicity space is clearly different from that derived for our sample of similarly bright (L_H{beta}_>3x10^40^erg/s) local galaxies, and this offset cannot be explained by simple systematic offsets in the derived quantities. At stellar masses above ~10^9^M_{sun}_ and SFRs above ~10M_{sun}_/yr, the z~2.1 galaxies have higher oxygen abundances than their local counterparts, while the opposite is true for lower-mass, lower-SFR systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/645/A87
- Title:
- Star-galaxy classification feature importance
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/645/A87
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Future astrophysical surveys such as J-PAS will produce very large datasets, the so-called "big data", which will require the deployment of accurate and efficient machine-learning (ML) methods. In this work, we analyze the miniJPAS survey, which observed about ~1deg^2^ of the AEGIS field with 56 narrow-band filters and 4 ugri broad-band filters. The miniJPAS primary catalog contains approximately 64 000 objects in the r detection band (mag_AB_<~24), with forced-photometry in all other filters. We discuss the classification of miniJPAS sources into extended (galaxies) and point-like (e.g., stars) objects, which is a step required for the subsequent scientific analyses. We aim at developing an ML classifier that is complementary to traditional tools that are based on explicit modeling. In particular, our goal is to release a value-added catalog with our best classification. In order to train and test our classifiers, we cross-matched the miniJPAS dataset with SDSS and HSC-SSP data, whose classification is trustworthy within the intervals 15<=r<=20 and 18.5<=r<=23.5, respectively. We trained and tested six different ML algorithms on the two cross-matched catalogs: K-nearest neighbors, decision trees, random forest (RF), artificial neural networks, extremely randomized trees (ERT), and an ensemble classifier. This last is a hybrid algorithm that combines artificial neural networks and RF with the J-PAS stellar and galactic loci classifier. As input for the ML algorithms we used the magnitudes from the 60 filters together with their errors, with and without the morphological parameters. We also used the mean point spread function in the r detection band for each pointing. We find that the RF and ERT algorithms perform best in all scenarios. When the full magnitude range of 15<=r<=23.5 is analyzed, we find an area under the curve AUC=0.957 with RF when photometric information alone is used, and AUC=0.986 with ERT when photometric and morphological information is used together. When morphological parameters are used, the full width at half maximum is the most important feature. When photometric information is used alone, we observe that broad bands are not necessarily more important than narrow bands, and errors (the width of the distribution) are as important as the measurements (central value of the distribution). In other words, it is apparently important to fully characterize the measurement. ML algorithms can compete with traditional star and galaxy classifiers; they outperform the latter at fainter magnitudes (r>~21). We use our best classifiers, with and without morphology, in order to produce a value-added catalog.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/514/A3
- Title:
- Star-galaxy separation in AKARI FIS All-Sky Survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/514/A3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To separate stars and galaxies in the far infrared AKARI All-Sky Survey data, we have selected a sample with the complete color information available in the low extinction regions of the sky and constructed color-color plots for these data.We looked for the method to separate stars and galaxies using the color information. We performed an extensive search for the counterparts of these selected All-Sky Survey objects in the NED and SIMBAD databases. Among 5176 selected objects, we found 4272 galaxies, 382 other extragalactic objects, 349 Milky Way stars, 50 other Galactic objects, and 101 sources detected before in various wavelengths but of an unknown origin. 22 sources were left unidentified. Then, we checked colors of stars and galaxies in the far-infrared flux-color and color-color plots.