In the framework of the TANAMI multi-wavelength and VLBI monitoring, we study the evolution of the parsec-scale radio emission in radio galaxies in the southern hemisphere and their relationship to the gamma-ray properties of the sources. Our study investigates systematically, for the first time, the relationship between the two energy regimes in radio galaxies. In this first paper, we focus on Fermi-LAT-detected sources. The TANAMI program monitors a large sample of radio-loud AGN at 8.4GHz and 22.3GHz with the Australian Long Baseline Array(LBA) and associated telescopes in Antarctica, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa. We perform a kinematic analysis for five gamma-ray detected radio galaxies using multi-epoch 8.4 GHz VLBI images, deriving limits on intrinsic jet parameters such as speed and viewing angle. We analyzed103 months of Fermi-LAT data in order to study possible connections between the gamma-ray properties and the pc-scale jets of Fermi-LAT-detected radio galaxies, both in terms of variability and average properties. We discuss the individual source results and draw preliminary conclusions on sample properties including published VLBI results from the MOJAVE survey, with a total of fifteen sources. We find that the first gamma-ray detection of Pictor A might be associated with the passage of a new VLBI component through the radio core, which appears to be a defining feature of high-energy emitting Fanaroff-Riley type II radio galaxies. For the peculiar AGN PKS 0521-36, we detect subluminal parsec-scale jet motions, and we confirm the presence of fast gamma-ray variability in the source down to timescales of 6 hours, which is not accompanied by variations in the VLBI jet. We robustly confirm the presence of significant superluminal motion, up to {beta}_app_~3, in the jet of the TeV radio galaxy PKS 0625-35. Our VLBI results constrain the jet viewing angle to be {theta}<53{deg}, allowing for the possibility of a closely aligned jet. Finally, by analyzing the first pc-scale multi-epoch images of the prototypical Compact Symmetric Object (CSO) PKS 1718-649, we place an upper limit on the separation speed between the two mini-lobes, which in turn allows us to derive a lower limit on the age of the source.Conclusions.We can draw some preliminary conclusions on the relationship between pc-scale jets and gamma-ray emission in radio galaxies, basedonFermi-LAT-detected sources with available multi-epoch VLBI measurements. We find that the VLBI core flux density correlates with the gamma-ray flux, as seen in blazars. On the other hand, the gamma-ray luminosity does not show any dependence on the core brightness temperature and core dominance, two common indicators of jet Doppler boosting. This seems to indicate that gamma-ray emission in radio galaxies is not driven by orientation-dependent effects, as in blazars, which is consistent with the unified model of jetted AGN.
This is the second paper in our series studying the evolution of parsec-scale radio emission in radio galaxies in the southern hemisphere. Following our study of the radio and high-energy properties of gamma-ray-emitting sources, here we investigate the kinematic and spectral properties of the parsec-scale jets of radio galaxies that have not yet been detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) instrument on board NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. For many sources, these results represent the first milliarcsecond resolution information in the literature. These studies were conducted within the framework of the Tracking Active Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry (TANAMI) monitoring program and in the context of high-energy gamma-ray observations from Fermi-LAT. We take advantage of the regular 8.4GHz and 22.3GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations provided by the TANAMI monitoring program, and explore the kinematic properties of six gamma-ray-faint radio galaxies. We complement this with ~8.5 years of Fermi-LAT data, deriving updated upper limits on the gamma-ray emission from this subsample of TANAMI radio galaxies. We include publicly available VLBI kinematics of gamma-ray-quiet radio galaxies monitored by the MOJAVE program and perform a consistent Fermi-LAT analysis. We combine these results with those from our previous paper to construct the largest sample of radio galaxies with combined VLBI and gamma-ray measurements to date. The connection between parsec-scale jet emission and high-energy properties in the misaligned jets of radio galaxies is explored. We report for the first time evidence of superluminal motion up to beta_app_=3.6 in the jet of the gamma-ray-faint radio galaxy PKS 2153-69. We find a clear trend of higher apparent speed as a function of distance from the jet core, which indicates that the jet is still being accelerated on scales of tens of parsecs, or ~10^5^R_{sun}_, corresponding to the end of the collimation and acceleration zone in nearby radio galaxies. We find evidence of subluminal apparent motion in the jets of PKS 1258-321 and IC 4296, and no measurable apparent motion for PKS 1549-79, PKS 1733-565 and PKS 2027-308. For all these sources, TANAMI provides the first multi-epoch kinematic analysis on parsec scales. We then compare the VLBI properties of gamma-ray-detected and undetected radio galaxies, and find that the two populations show a significantly different distribution of median core flux density, and, possibly, of median core brightness temperature. In terms of correlation between VLBI and gamma-ray properties, we find a significant correlation between median core flux density and gamma-ray flux, but no correlation with typical Doppler boosting indicators such as median core brightness temperature and core dominance. Our study suggests that high-energy emission from radio galaxies is related to parsec-scale radio emission from the inner jet, but is not driven by Doppler boosting effects, in contrast to the situation in their blazar counterparts. This implies that gamma-ray loudness does not necessarily reflect a higher prevalence of boosting effects.
We identify a set of planetary systems observed by Kepler that merit transit-timing variation (TTV) analysis given the orbital periods of transiting planets, the uncertainties for their transit times, and the number of transits observed during the Kepler mission. We confirm the planetary nature of four Kepler Objects of Interest within multicandidate systems. We forward-model each of the planetary systems identified to determine which systems are likely to yield mass constraints that may be significantly improved upon with follow-up transit observations. We find projected TTVs diverge by more than 90 minutes after 6000 days in 27 systems, including 22 planets with orbital periods exceeding 25 days. Such targets would benefit the most from additional transit-timing data. TTV follow-up could push exoplanet characterization to lower masses, at greater orbital periods and at cooler equilibrium temperatures than is currently possible from the Kepler data set alone. Combining TTVs and recently revised stellar parameters, we characterize an ensemble of homogeneously selected planets and identify planets in the Kepler field with large-enough estimated transmission annuli for atmospheric characterization with James Webb Space Telescope.
The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) project has collected more than a billion photometric measurements since 2005 January. These sky survey data-covering timescales from a fraction of a second to a few hundred days-are a useful source to study stellar variability. A total of 167 star fields, mostly along the ecliptic plane, have been selected for photometric monitoring with the TAOS telescopes. This paper presents our initial analysis of a search for periodic variable stars from the time-series TAOS data on one particular TAOS field, No. 151 (RA=17:30:6.7, DE=27:27:30, J2000), which had been observed over 47 epochs in 2005. A total of 81 candidate variables are identified in the 3deg^2^ field, with magnitudes in the range 8<R<16. On the basis of the periodicity and shape of the light curves, 29 variables, 15 of which were previously unknown, are classified as RR Lyrae, Cepheid, delta Scuti, SX Phonencis, semi-regular, and eclipsing binaries.
TAROT (Telescope a Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires) is a robotic observatory designed to observe very early optical transients of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). As GRBs do not often occur, we use TAROT for various other celestial targets spread over the sky. For every field observed by TAROT, we computed the magnitudes of every star. From this work, we found 1175 new variable stars brighter than 17mag. We selected the best variable star candidates and compiled them in the TSVSC1 (TAROT Suspected Variable Star Catalog, ver. 1), which also contains Fourier-series coefficients that fit the light curves.
The Amateur Sky Survey (TASS) is a loose confederation of amateur and professional astronomers. We describe the design and construction of our Mark III system, a set of wide-field drift-scan CCD cameras which monitor the celestial equator down to 13th magnitude in several passbands. We explain the methods by which images are gathered, processed, and reduced into lists of stellar positions and magnitudes. Over the period 1996 October to 1998 November, we compiled a large database of photometric measurements. One of our results is the tenxcat catalog, which contains measurements on the standard Johnson-Cousins system for 367,241 stars; it contains links to the light curves of these stars as well.
TASS Mark IV patches photometric catalog, version 2
Short Name:
II/271A
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The Amateur Sky Survey (TASS) is a loose confederation of amateur and professional astronomers. We describe the design and construction of our Mark IV systems, a set of wide-field telescopes with CCD cameras which take simultaneous images in the V and I passbands. We explain our observational procedures and the pipeline which processes and reduces the images into lists of stellar positions and magnitudes. We have compiled a large database of measurements for stars in the northern celestial hemisphere with V-band magnitudes in the range 7<V<13. This paper describes data taken over the four-year period starting November, 2001. One of our results is a catalog of repeated measurements on the Johnson-Cousins system for over 4.3 million stars. This Version 2 of the catalog corrects a systematic error in photometry as function of Declination.
The formation of planets in compact or highly eccentric binaries and the migration of hot Jupiters are two outstanding problems in planet formation. Detailed characterisation of known systems is important for informing and testing models. The hot Jupiter {tau} Boo Ab orbits the primary star in the long-period (P>~1000yr), highly eccentric (e~0.9) double star system {tau} Bootis. Due to the long orbital period, the orbit of the stellar binary is poorly constrained. Here we aim to constrain the orbit of the stellar binary {tau} Boo AB in order to investigate the formation and migration history of the system. The mutual orbital inclination of the stellar companion and the hot Jupiter has important implications for planet migration. The binary eccentricity and periastron distance are important for understanding the conditions under which {tau} Boo formed. We combine more than 150 years of astrometric data with twenty-five years of high-precision radial velocities. The combination of sky-projected and line-of-sight measurements places tight constraints on the orbital inclination, eccentricity, and periastron distance of {tau} Boo AB. We determine the orbit of {tau} Boo B and find an orbital inclination of 47.2^+2.7^_-3.7_{deg}, a periastron distance of 28.3^+2.3^_-3.0_au, and an eccentricity of 0.87^+0.04^_-0.03_. We find that the orbital inclinations of {tau} Boo Ab and {tau} Boo B, as well as the stellar spin-axis of {tau} Boo A coincide at ~45 degrees, a result consistent with the assumption of a well-aligned, coplanar system. The likely aligned, coplanar configuration suggests planetary migration within a well-aligned protoplanetary disc. Due to the high eccentricity and small periastron distance of {tau} Boo B, the protoplanetary disc was tidally truncated at ~6au. We suggest that {tau} Boo Ab formed near the edge of the truncated disc and migrated inwards with high eccentricity due to spiral waves generated by the stellar companion.
{tau} Ceti (HD10700), a G8 dwarf with mass 0.78M_{sun}_, is a close (3.65pc) Sun-like star where five possibly terrestrial planet candidates (minimum masses of 2, 3.1, 3.5, 4.3, and 6.7M_{Earth}_) have recently been discovered. We report abundances of 23 elements using spectra from the MIKE spectrograph on Magellan. We find [Fe/H]=-0.49 and T_eff_=5387K. Using stellar models with the abundances determined here, we calculate the position of the classical habitable zone (HZ) with time. At the current best fit age, 7.63_-1.5_^+0.87^Gyr, up to two planets (e and f) may be in the HZ, depending on atmospheric properties. The Mg/Si ratio of the star is found to be 1.78, which is much greater than for Earth (~1.2). With a system that has such an excess of Mg/Si ratio it is possible that the mineralogical make-up of planets around {tau} Ceti could be significantly different from that of Earth, with possible oversaturation of MgO, resulting in an increase in the content of olivine and ferropericlase compared with Earth. The increase in MgO would have a drastic impact on the rheology of the mantles of the planets around {tau} Ceti.
To understand the formation of stellar groups, one must first document carefully the birth pattern within real clusters and associations. In this study of Taurus-Auriga, we combine pre-main-sequence ages from our own evolutionary tracks with stellar positions from observational surveys. Aided by the extensive millimeter data on the molecular clouds, we develop a picture of the region's history.