- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/122/2810
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field North Survey. V.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/122/2810
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An extremely deep X-ray survey (~1Ms) of the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N) and its environs (~450arcmin^2^) has been performed with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. This is one of the two deepest X-ray surveys ever performed; for point sources near the aim point, it reaches 0.5-2.0 and 2-8keV flux limits of ~3x10^-17^ and ~2x10^-16^ergs/cm^2^/s, respectively. Here we provide source catalogs, along with details of the observations, data reduction, and technical analysis. Observing conditions, such as background, were excellent for almost all of the exposure. We have detected 370 distinct point sources: 360 in the 0.5-8.0keV band, 325 in the 0.5-2.0keV band, 265 in the 2-8keV band, and 145 in the 4-8keV band. Two new Chandra sources in the HDF-N itself are reported and discussed. Source positions are accurate to within 0.6"-1.7" (at ~90% confidence), depending mainly on the off-axis angle. We also detect two highly significant extended X-ray sources and several other likely extended X-ray sources. We present basic number count results for sources located near the center of the field. Source densities of 7100^+1100^_-940_deg^-2^ (at 4.2x10^-17^ergs/cm^2^/s) and 4200^+670^_580_deg^-2^ (at 3.8x10^-16^ergs/cm^2^/s) are observed in the soft and hard bands, respectively.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/124/2351
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field North survey. XII
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/124/2351
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the relationship between faint X-ray and 1.4GHz radio source populations detected within 3' of the Hubble Deep Field (North) using the 1Ms Chandra (Cat. <J/AJ/122/2810>) and 40{mu}Jy VLA (Cat. <J/ApJ/533/611>) surveys. Within this region, we find that ~42% of the 62 X-ray sources have radio counterparts and ~71% of the 28 radio sources have X-ray counterparts; thus, a 40{mu}Jy VLA survey at 1.4GHz appears to be well matched to a 1Ms Chandra observation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/454/952
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field-South ATLAS 5.5GHz DR2
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/454/952
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new image of the 5.5GHz radio emission from the extended Chandra Deep Field South. Deep radio observations at 5.5GHz were obtained in 2010 and presented in the first data release. A further 76h of integration has since been obtained, nearly doubling the integration time. This paper presents a new analysis of all the data. The new image reaches 8.6{mu}Jy rms, an improvement of about 40% in sensitivity. We present a new catalogue of 5.5GHz sources, identifying 212 source components, roughly 50% more than were detected in the first data release. Source counts derived from this sample are consistent with those reported in the literature for S_5.5GHz_>0.1mJy but significantly lower than published values in the lowest flux density bins (S_5.5GHz_<0.1mJy), where we have more detected sources and improved statistical reliability. The 5.5GHz radio sources were matched to 1.4GHz sources in the literature and we find a mean spectral index of -0.35+/-0.10 for S_5.5GHz_>0.5mJy, consistent with the flattening of the spectral index observed in 5GHz sub-mJy samples. The median spectral index of the whole sample is {alpha}_med_=-0.58, indicating that these observations may be starting to probe the star-forming population. However, even at the faintest levels (0.05<S_5.5GHz_<0.1mJy), 39% of the 5.5GHz sources have flat or inverted radio spectra. Four flux density measurements from our data, across the full 4.5-6.5GHz bandwidth, are combined with those from literature and we find 10% of sources (S_5.5GHz_>~0.1mJy) show significant curvature in their radio spectral energy distribution spanning 1.4-9GHz.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/139/369
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field South. 1 Ms catalog
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/139/369
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper we present the source catalog obtained from a 942ks exposure of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS), using the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Eleven individual pointings made between 1999 October and 2000 December were combined to generate the final image used for object detection. Catalog generation proceeded simultaneously using two different methods: a method of our own design using a modified version of the SExtractor algorithm, and a wavelet transform technique developed specifically for Chandra observations. The detection threshold has been set in order to have less than 10 spurious sources, as assessed by extensive simulations. We subdivided the catalog into four sections: the primary list consisting of objects common to the two detection methods, two secondary lists containing sources which were detected by (1) the SExtractor algorithm alone and (2) the wavelet technique alone, and the fourth list consisting of possible diffuse or extended sources. The flux limits at the aimpoint for the soft (0.5-2keV) and hard (2-10keV) bands are 5.5x10^-17^erg/s/cm^2^ and 4.5x10^-16^erg/s/cm^2^, respectively. The total number of sources is 346; out of them, 307 were detected in the 0.5-2keV band, and 251 in the 2-10keV band. We also present optical identifications for the catalogued sources. Our primary optical data are R band imaging from VLT/FORS1 to a depth of R~26.5 (Vega). In regions of the field not covered by the VLT/FORS1 deep imaging, we use R-band data obtained with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the ESO-MPI 2.2 m telescope, as part of the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS), which cover the entire X-ray survey. We found that the FORS1/Chandra offsets are small, ~1". Coordinate cross-correlation finds 85% of the Chandra sources covered by FORS1 R to have counterparts within the 3{sigma} error box (>~1.5" depending on off-axis angle and X-ray signal-to-noise). The unidentified fraction of sources, approximately ~10%-15%, is close to the limit expected from the observed X-ray flux to R-band ratio distribution for the identified sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/II/253A
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field South: multi-colour data
- Short Name:
- II/253A
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Table 3 contains the object catalogue of the COMBO-17 CDFS field. The observations were carried out with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) at the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope on La Silla, Chile, between October 1999 and January 2001 in four independent observing runs. The field measures 31.5'x30', is centered on RA=03:32:25, DE=-27:48:50 and contains the Chandra Deep Field South. The table contains 63501 objects found on the deep R-band image cdfs_r.fit by SExtractor with S/N>3. The 5-{sigma} magnitude limit for point sources is Rmag=26.0. Morphological information from the SExtractor measurement is included. Multiple observations in different observing runs of six different filters allow the identification of variable objects. The table contains positions, flags and flux measurements in UBVRI and 12 optical medium-band filters. In addition, we include multi-colour classification, photometric redshifts, luminosity distances and a number of absolute restframe magnitudes in different filters (Johnson, Sloan, Bessell). cdfs_u.fit, cdfs_b.fit, cdfs_v.fit, cdfs_r.fit and cdfs_i.fit are coadded sumframes in UBVRI of the CDFS field. These sumframes are stacked from flat-fielded and cosmic-corrected individual images by applying only full pixel shifts. Therefore, the coordinate frames differ slightly between the images. The coordinates in Table 3 refer to image cdfs_r.fit. The images in BVRI are obtained from observations carried out in observing run D (Oct 1999, see also Note (11) in the byte-by-byte description of table3.dat) while the U-band image is obtained from observing run G (Jan 2001). The exposure times are 14400s (U), 5000s (B), 8400s (V), 15000s (R) and 7550s (I). The intensity levels are given in units of photons hitting the detector (already corrected for the gain of the CCD). The data included here supersede the table2.dat of the COMBO-17 published in 2001 (J/A+A/377/442)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/155/271
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field-South: Optical spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/155/271
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of our spectroscopic follow-up program of the X-ray sources detected in the 942ks exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDFS). A total of 288 possible counterparts were observed at the VLT with the FORS1/FORS2 spectrographs for 251 of the 349 Chandra sources (including three additional faint X-ray sources). Spectra and R-band images are shown for all the observed sources and R-K colors are given for most of them. Spectroscopic redshifts were obtained for 168 X-ray sources, of which 137 have both reliable optical identification and redshift estimate (including 16 external identifications). The R<24 observed sample comprises 161 X-ray objects (181 optical counterparts), and 126 of them have unambiguous spectroscopic identification.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/377/442
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field South: R-band photometry
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/377/442
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Table2 is based on an object list that was created by applying SExtractor software to an R-band image coadded from 36 frames with 15070s total exposure time taken in October 1999 using the Wide Field Imager at the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope on La Silla, Chile. The field measures 31.5'x30', is centered on 03:32:25-27:48:50 and contains the Chandra Deep Field South. The average PSF is on the order of 0.75". The catalog contains 63501 objects found by SExtractor with S/N>3. It has not been cleaned for spurious detection of false objects arising from scattered light or diffraction spikes of extremely bright stars. Using this object list aperture magnitudes 'Bmag', 'Vmag' and 'Rmag' were measured on B-, V- and R-band images taken in October 1999. These are listed with its errors. Additionally an aperture magnitude 'R2mag' with its error is included that is taken from R-band imaging from February 2000 with an exposure time of 8440s taken in 21 frames, yielding a total exposure time in the R-band of 23510s=6.5h. The 10-sigma magnitude limits for point sources are Bmag=24.9, Vmag=24.6, Rmag=25.1 and R2mag=24.8. The aperture magnitudes were calculated by counting the flux in an aperture with a Gaussian weighting function of 1.3" width. The flux is scaled to the total flux expected for stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/228/2
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/228/2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present X-ray source catalogs for the ~7Ms exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), which covers a total area of 484.2arcmin^2^. Utilizing wavdetect for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for photometric extraction and significance assessment, we create a main source catalog containing 1008 sources that are detected in up to three X-ray bands: 0.5-7.0keV, 0.5-2.0keV, and 2-7keV. A supplementary source catalog is also provided, including 47 lower-significance sources that have bright (K_s_<=23) near-infrared counterparts. We identify multiwavelength counterparts for 992 (98.4%) of the main-catalog sources, and we collect redshifts for 986 of these sources, including 653 spectroscopic redshifts and 333 photometric redshifts. Based on the X-ray and multiwavelength properties, we identify 711 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the main-catalog sources. Compared to the previous ~4Ms CDF-S catalogs, 291 of the main-catalog sources are new detections. We have achieved unprecedented X-ray sensitivity with average flux limits over the central ~1arcmin^2^ region of ~1.9x10^-17^, 6.4x10^-18^, and 2.7x10^-17^erg/cm^2^/s in the three X-ray bands, respectively. We provide cumulative number-count measurements observing, for the first time, that normal galaxies start to dominate the X-ray source population at the faintest 0.5-2.0keV flux levels. The highest X-ray source density reaches ~50500deg^-2^, and 47%+/-4% of these sources are AGNs (~23900deg^-2^).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/400/299
- Title:
- Chandra deep protocluster survey
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/400/299
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present X-ray point-source catalogues for a deep ~400ks Chandra ACIS-I (Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer) exposure of the SSA22 field. The observations are centred on a z=3.09 protocluster, which is populated by Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), Ly{alpha} emitters (LAEs) and extended Ly{alpha}-emitting blobs (LABs). The survey reaches ultimate (3 count) sensitivity limits of ~5.7x10^-17^ and ~3.0x10^-16^erg/cm^2^/s for the 0.5-2 and 2-8keV bands, respectively (corresponding to L_2-10keV_~5.7x10^42^erg/s and L_10-30keV_~2.0x10^43^erg/s at z=3.09, respectively, for an assumed photon index of {GAMMA}=1.4). These limits make SSA22 the fourth deepest extragalactic Chandra survey yet conducted, and the only one focused on a known high-redshift structure. In total, we detect 297 X-ray point sources and identify one obvious bright extended X-ray source over a ~330arcmin^2^ region. In addition to our X-ray catalogues, we provide all available optical spectroscopic redshifts and near-infrared and mid-infrared photometry available for our sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/554/742
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Survey of the HDF-N
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/554/742
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A deep X-ray survey of the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N) and its environs is performed using data collected by the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Currently a 221.9ks exposure is available, the deepest ever presented, and here we give results on X-ray sources located in the 8.6'x8.7' area covered by the Caltech Faint Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (the "Caltech area"). This area has (1) deep photometric coverage in several optical and near-infrared bands; (2) extensive coverage at radio, submillimeter, and mid-infrared wavelengths; and (3) some of the deepest and most complete spectroscopic coverage ever obtained. It is also where the X-ray data have the greatest sensitivity; the minimum detectable fluxes in the 0.5-2keV (soft) and 2-8keV (hard) bands are ~1.3x10^-16^ and ~6.5x10^-16^ergs/cm^2^/s, respectively.