- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/643/A161
- Title:
- Coadded rotation curves of disk galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/643/A161
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Lambda-cold dark matter (Lambda CDM) scenario is able to describe the Universe at large scales, but clearly shows some serious difficulties at small scales. The core/cusp issue is one of those: as a fact, the inner dark matter (DM) density profiles of spiral galaxies generally appear to be cored, without the r^-1^ profile as predicted by N-body simulations in the above scenario. It is well known that, in a more physical context, the baryons in the galaxy, through supernovae explosions could back react and erase the original cusp. Before investigating the efficiency and the presence of such effect, it is important to know how wide and how frequent the discrepancy between observed and N-body predicted profiles is and what its features are. We use more than 3200 good quality and high resolution, quite extended rotation curves (RCs) of disk systems including normal and dwarf spirals as well as low surface brightness galaxies covering their whole ranges of magnitudes. All these RCs are condensed in 26 coadded RCs, each of them built with individual RCs of galaxies of similar luminosity and morphology. We mass model these 26 RCs using the NFW profile for the contribution of the DM halo to the circular velocity and the exponential Freeman disk for that of the stellar disk. The fits are generally poor in all the 26 cases: in several cases we find chi^2^_red_> 2. Moreover, the best fitting values of three parameters of the model (c, M_D_, M_{vir}_) combined with those of their 1-sigma uncertainty show clear conflict with well-known expectations of Lambda-CDM scenario. We also test the scaling relations which exist in spirals with the outcome of the current mass modelling: the latter is found not to account for such scaling relations. The results of testing NFW profile in disk systems indicate that such DM halo density law cannot account for the kinematics of the whole family of disk galaxies. The need of transforming initial cusps in the observed cores is therefore mandatory for the success of the Lambda-CDM scenario, in any disk galaxy of any luminosity or maximum rotational velocity.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/630/A130
- Title:
- Co-added spectra of HD127493 and HZ44
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/630/A130
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Hot subluminous stars can be spectroscopically classified as subdwarf B (sdB) and O (sdO) stars. While the latter are predominantly hydrogen deficient, the former are mostly helium deficient. The atmospheres of most sdOs are almost devoid of hydrogen, whereas a small group of hot subdwarf stars of mixed H/He composition exists, showing extreme metal abundance anomalies. Whether such intermediate helium-rich (iHe) subdwarf stars provide an evolutionary link between the dominant classes is an open question. The presence of strong Ge, Sn, and Pb lines in the UV spectrum of HZ44 suggests a strong enrichment of heavy elements in this iHe-sdO star and calls for a detailed quantitative spectral analysis focusing on trans-iron elements. Non-LTE model atmospheres and synthetic spectra calculated with TLUSTY/SYNSPEC were combined with high-quality optical, ultraviolet (UV), and far-UV (FUV) spectra of HZ44 and its hotter sibling HD127493 to determine their atmospheric parameters and metal abundance patterns. By collecting atomic data from the literature we succeeded in determining the abundances of 29 metals in HZ44, including the trans-iron elements Ga, Ge, As, Se, Zr, Sn, and Pb and providing upper limits for ten other metals. This makes it the best-described hot subdwarf in terms of chemical composition. For HD127493 the abundance of 15 metals, including Ga, Ge, and Pb and upper limits for another 16 metals were derived. Heavy elements turn out to be overabundant by one to four orders of magnitude with respect to the Sun. Zr and Pb are among the most enriched elements. The C, N, and O abundance for both stars can be explained by the nucleosynthesis of hydrogen burning in the CNO cycle along with the stars' helium enrichment. On the other hand, the heavy-element anomalies are unlikely to be caused by nucleosynthesis. Instead diffusion processes are evoked, with radiative levitation overcoming gravitational settlement of the heavy elements.
3563. Coalsack CO maps
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/533/A17
- Title:
- Coalsack CO maps
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/533/A17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The large Coalsack dark cloud is one of the most prominent southern starless clouds, which is even visible to the naked eye. Furthermore, it is one of the rare molecular clouds without clear signs of star formation. We investigate the dynamical properties of the gas within the Coalsack. The two highest extinction regions were mapped with the APEX telescope in ^13^CO(2-1) comprising a region of ~1 square degree.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/446/2823
- Title:
- CO and CaT derived sigma in spiral galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/446/2823
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We examine the stellar velocity dispersions ({sigma}) of a sample of 48 galaxies, 35 of which are spirals, from the Palomar nearby galaxy survey. It is known that for ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and merger remnants, the {sigma} derived from the near-infrared CO band heads is smaller than that measured from optical lines, while no discrepancy between these measurements is found for early-type galaxies. No such studies are available for spiral galaxies - the subject of this paper. We used cross-dispersed spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph, with spectral coverage from 0.85 to 2.5{mu}m, to obtain {sigma} measurements from the 2.29{mu}m CO band heads ({sigma}CO) and the 0.85{mu}m calcium triplet ({sigma}_CaT_). For the spiral galaxies in the sample, we found that {sigma}_CO_ is smaller than {sigma}_CaT_, with a mean fractional difference of 14.3 per cent. The best fit to the data is given by {sigma}_opt_=(46.0+/-18.1)+(0.85+/-0.12){sigma}_CO_. This '{sigma}-discrepancy' may be related to the presence of warm dust, as suggested by a slight correlation between the discrepancy and the infrared luminosity. This is consistent with studies that have found no {sigma}-discrepancy in dust-poor early-type galaxies, and a much larger discrepancy in dusty merger remnants and ULIRGs. That {sigma}_CO_ is lower than {sigma}opt may also indicate the presence of a dynamically cold stellar population component. This would agree with the spatial correspondence between low-{sigma}_CO_ and young/intermediate-age stellar populations that has been observed in spatially resolved spectroscopy of a handful of galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/628/A72
- Title:
- C_2_O and C_3_O in low-mass star-forming regions
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/628/A72
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- C_2_O and C_3_O belong to the carbon chain oxides family. Both molecules have been detected in the gas phase towards several star-forming regions, and to explain the observed abundances, ion-molecule gas-phase reactions have been invoked. On the other hand, laboratory experiments have shown that carbon chain oxides are formed after energetic processing of CO-rich solid mixtures. Therefore, it has been proposed that they are formed in the solid phase in dense molecular clouds after cosmic ion irradiation of CO-rich icy grain mantles and released in the gas phase after their desorption. In this work, we contribute to the understanding of the role of both gas-phase reactions and energetic processing in the formation of simple carbon chain oxides that have been searched for in various low-mass star-forming regions. We present observations obtained with the Noto-32m and IRAM-30m telescopes towards star-forming regions. We compare these with the results of a gas-phase model that simulates C_2_O and C_3_O formation and destruction, and laboratory experiments in which both molecules are produced after energetic processing (with 200 keV protons) of icy grain mantle analogues. New detections of both molecules towards L1544, L1498, and Elias 18 are reported. The adopted gas phase model is not able to reproduce the observed C_2_O/C_3_O ratios, while laboratory experiments show that the ion bombardment of CO-rich mixtures produces C_2_O/C_3_O ratios that agree with the observed values. Based on the results obtained here, we conclude that the synthesis of both species is due to the energetic processing of CO-rich icy grain mantles. Their subsequent desorption because of non-thermal processes allows the detection in the gas-phase of young star-forming regions. In more evolved objects, the non-detection of both C_2_O and C_3_O is due to their fast destruction in the warm gas.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/475/559
- Title:
- 12CO(1-0) and 12CO(2-1) maps of EP Aqr
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/475/559
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- CO rotational lines are frequently used to trace the outflows from AGB stars. Some profiles are composite, with a narrow component super-imposed on a broader one. These profiles have been interpreted in different ways, calling for episodic mass loss, a bipolar flow, or a circumstellar disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A71
- Title:
- C17O and C18O spectra of nine AGB stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A71
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We seek to investigate the ^17^O/^18^O ratio for a sample of AGB stars containing M-, S-, and C-type stars. These ratios are evaluated in relation to fundamental stellar evolution parameters: the stellar initial mass and pulsation period. Circumstellar ^13^C^16^O, ^12^C^17^O, and ^12^C^18^O line observations were obtained for a sample of nine stars with various singledish long-wavelength facilities. Line intensity ratios are shown to relate directly to the surface ^17^O/^18^O abundance ratio. Stellar evolution models predict the ^17^O/^18^O ratio to be a sensitive function of initial mass and to remain constant throughout the entire TP-AGB phase for stars initially less massive than 5 solar masses. This makes the measured ratio a probe of the initial stellar mass. Observed ^17^O/^18^O ratios are found to be well in the range predicted by stellar evolution models that do not consider convective overshooting. From this, accurate initial mass estimates are calculated for seven sources. For the remaining two sources, there are two mass solutions, although there is a larger probability that the low-mass solution is correct. Finally, we present hints at a possible separation between M/S- and C-type stars when comparing the ^17^O/^18^O ratio to the stellar pulsation period.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/481/93
- Title:
- CO and HC3N maps of IRAS 20050+2720
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/481/93
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This is the third in a series of papers devoted to studying intermediate- mass molecular outflows and their powering sources in detail and with high -angular resolution. This paper studies the intermediate-mass YSO IRAS 20050+2720 and its molecular outflow and puts the results of this and the previous studied sources in the context of intermediate-mass star formation. We carried out VLA observations of the 7mm continuum emission and OVRO observations of the 2.7mm continuum emission, CO (1-0), C18O (1-0) and HC3N (12-11) to map the core towards IRAS 20050+2720. The high-angular resolution of the observations allowed us to derive the properties of the dust emission, the molecular outflow, and the dense protostellar envelope. By adding this source to the sample of intermediate-mass protostars with outflows, we compared their properties and evolution with those of lower mass counterparts. The 2.7mm continuum emission has been resolved into three sources, labeled OVRO 1, OVRO 2, and OVRO 3. Two of them, OVRO 1 and OVRO 2, have also been detected at 7mm. OVRO 3, which is located close to the C18O emission peak, could be associated with IRAs 20050+2720. The mass of the sources, estimated from the dust continuum emission, is 6.5M_{sun}_ for OVRO 1, 1.8M_{sun}_ for OVRO 2, and 1.3M_{sun}_ for OVRO 3. The CO (1-0) emission traces two bipolar outflows within the OVRO field of view, a roughly east-west bipolar outflow, labeled A, driven by the intermediate-mass source OVRO 1, and a northeast-southwest bipolar outflow, labeled B, probably powered by a YSO engulfed in the circumstellar envelope surrounding OVRO 1. The multiplicity of sources observed towards IRAS 20050+2720 appears to be typical of intermediate-mass protostars, which form in dense clustered environments. In some cases, as for example IRAS 20050+2720, intermediate- mass protostars would start forming after a first generation of low-mass stars has completed their main accretion phase. The properties of intermediate-mass protostars and their outflows are not significantly different from those of low-mass stars. Although intermediate-mass outflows are intrinsically more energetic than those driven by low-mass YSOs, they do not show intrinsically more complex morphologies when observed at high angular resolution. Known intermediate-mass protostars do not form a homogeneous group. Some objects are likely in an earlier evolutionary stage as suggested by the infrared emission and the outflow properties.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/99/291
- Title:
- CO and HCN observations of circumstellar envelopes
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/99/291
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have searched the literature for all observations of the ^12^CO(1-0), ^12^CO(2-1), and HCN(1-0) lines in circumstellar envelopes of late type stars published between January 1985 and September 1992. We report data for 1361 observations (stellar velocity, expansion velocity, peak intensity, integrated area, noise level). This CO-HCN sample now contains 444 sources. 184 are identified as oxygen-rich, 205 as carbon-rich, and there are 9 S stars. About 85% of the sources are AGB stars. There are 32 planetary nebulae and about thirty post-AGB stars candidates. Besides results of millimeter observations, we also list identifications, coordinates, IRAS data, chemical and spectral types for every source. For AGB stars, we have estimated (or compiled) bolometric fluxes and distances for 349 sources, and mass loss rates deduced from CO results for 324 sources, taking into account the influence of the CO photodissociation radius. We also list mass loss rates derived from detailed models of CO emission which we could find in the literature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/126/3
- Title:
- CO and HI in interacting galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/126/3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using SEST, the Parkes antenna and the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we have made a survey of the ^12^CO(1-0) and HI emission of an optically-selected sample of =~60 southern interacting and merging galaxies. In this paper we present the data and determine global masses of neutral gas (in molecular and atomic form) for the observed galaxies. We have detected HI in 26 systems and found that these galaxies have less than 15% of their gas in molecular form.