- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/242/19
- Title:
- CO outflow candidates toward W3/4/5 complex
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/242/19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha 13.7m telescope, we conducted a large-scale ^12^CO(J=1->0) outflow survey (over ~110deg^2^) toward the W3/4/5 complex and its surroundings. In total, 459 outflow candidates were identified. Approximately 62% (284) were located in the Perseus arm, including the W3/4/5 complex and its surroundings, while ~35% (162) were located in the Local arm, ~1% (5) were in the Outer arm, and ~2% (8) were in two interarm regions. This result indicated that star formation was concentrated in the Galactic spiral arms. The detailed spatial distribution of the outflow candidates showed that the Perseus arm presented the most active star formation among the study regions. The W3/4/5 complex is a great region to research massive star formation in a triggered environment. A key region, which has been well studied by other researches, is in the eastern high-density W3 complex that neighbors the W4 complex. Two shell-like structures in the Local arm contain candidates that can be used to study the impact on star formation imposed by massive or intermediate-mass stars in relatively isolated systems. The majority of outflow candidates in the two interarm regions and the Outer arm are located in filamentary structures.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/251/26
- Title:
- CO outflow cand. toward W3/4/5 complex. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/251/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To date, few studies have focused on protostellar outflow feedback at scales larger than several parsecs. To address this paucity of research, we investigate the effects of feedback from CO outflow candidates on their parent clouds over ~110deg^2^ toward the W3/4/5 complex and its surroundings. Our search identified 265 ^13^CO clouds with radii being ~0.04-17.12pc. We estimate the turbulent support and potential disruptive effect of the outflow activities through analyzing physical properties of outflow candidates and their host clouds in terms of turbulence and gravitational binding energy. We find that (1) clouds of larger size might be less affected by feedback; (2) the possible scale break is >~4.7pc for both turbulent support and potential disruptive effect; (3) if outflows couple to dense gas where stars are forming, for clouds in the Perseus arm, a scale <~0.2-0.4pc is sufficient for the energy and momentum injected by outflow activity to maintain turbulence, while for clouds in the Local arm, the scale is <~0.1-0.2pc; and (4) for clouds in the Perseus arm, a scale <~0.3-1.0pc is needed for outflow activity to potentially disperse material away from the natal clouds, while for clouds in the Local arm, the scale is <~0.2-0.6pc. The strength of outflow activity may affect the values in points 3 and 4. Finally, we find that outflow feedback probably possesses the power to alter the line width-size relation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/472/187
- Title:
- 12CO outflows towards submm cores in Perseus
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/472/187
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a search for outflows towards 51 submillimetre cores in Perseus. With consistently derived outflow properties from a large homogeneous dataset within one molecular cloud we can investigate further the mass dependence and time evolution of protostellar mass loss. Of the 51 cores, 37 show broad linewings indicative of molecular outflows. In 13 cases, the linewings could be due to confusion with neighbouring flows but 9 of those sources also have near-infrared detections confirming their protostellar nature. The total fraction of protostars in our sample is 65%. All but four outflow detections are confirmed as protostellar by Spitzer IR detections and only one Spitzer source has no outflow, showing that outflow maps at this sensitivity are equally good at identifying protostars as Spitzer. Outflow momentum flux correlates both with source luminosity and with core mass but there is considerable scatter even within this one cloud despite the homogeneous dataset. We fail to confirm the result of Bontemps et al. (1996A&A...311..858B) that Class I sources show lower momentum fluxes on average than Class 0 sources, with a KS test showing a significant probability that the momentum fluxes for both Class 0s and Class Is are drawn from the same distribution. We find that outflow power may not show a simple decline between the Class 0 to Class I stages. Our sample includes low momentum flux, low-luminosity Class 0 sources, possibly at a very early evolutionary stage. If the only mass loss from the core were due to outflows, cores would last for 10^5^-10^8^years, longer than current estimates of 1.5-4x10^5^years for the mean lifetime for the embedded phase. Additional mechanisms for removing mass from protostellar cores may be necessary.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/77
- Title:
- Copernicus 0.2-A Resolution Far-UV Stellar Spectra
- Short Name:
- III/77
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog is a subset comprising data for 60 O- and B-type stars observed by the Copernicus satellite. For each star a FITS file was created of the observed spectrum. Each spectrum has 2250 photometric data points. The wavelength range is from 1000 to 1450 Angstroems in 0.2-Angstrom steps. The data were acquired with photomultiplier U2, which had a nominal bandpass of 0.2 Angstrom (A) and scanned the spectrum with a 0.2 A step length, integrating for 13.6 sec at each wavelength position.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/585/A102
- Title:
- Copper abundances in solar neighborhood stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/585/A102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Two distinct halo populations were found in the solar neighborhood by a series of works. They can be clearly separated by [{alpha}/Fe] and several other elemental abundance ratios including [Cu/Fe]. Very recently, a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) study revealed that relatively large departures exist between LTE and non-LTE results in copper abundance analysis. The study also showed that non-LTE effects of neutral copper vary with stellar parameters and thus affect the [Cu/Fe] trend. We aim to derive the copper abundances for the stars from the sample of Nissen & Schuster (2010A&A...511L..10N) with both LTE and non-LTE calculations. Based on our results, we study the non-LTE effects of copper and investigate whether the high-{alpha} population can still be distinguished from the low-{alpha} population in the non-LTE [Cu/Fe] results. Our differential abundance ratios are derived from the high-resolution spectra collected from VLT/UVES and NOT/FIES spectrographs. Applying the MAFAGS opacity sampling atmospheric models and spectrum synthesis method, we derive the non-LTE copper abundances based on the new atomic model with current atomic data obtained from both laboratory and theoretical calculations. The copper abundances determined from non-LTE calculations are increased by 0.01 to 0.2dex depending on the stellar parameters compared with the LTE results. The non-LTE [Cu/Fe] trend is much flatter than the LTE one in the metallicity range -1.6<[Fe/H]<-0.8. Taking non-LTE effects into consideration, the high- and low-{alpha} stars still show distinguishable copper abundances, which appear even more clear in a diagram of non-LTE [Cu/Fe] versus [Fe/H]. The non-LTE effects are strong for copper, especially in metal-poor stars. Our results confirmed that there are two distinct halo populations in the solar neighborhood. The dichotomy in copper abundance is a peculiar feature of each population, suggesting that they formed in different environments and evolved obeying diverse scenarios.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/607/A110
- Title:
- CO properties of compact group galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/607/A110
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Compact groups (CGs) provide an environment in which interactions between galaxies and with the intra-group medium enable and accelerate galaxy transitions from actively star forming to quiescent. Galaxies in transition from active to quiescent can be selected, by their infrared (IR) colors, as canyon or infrared transition zone (IRTZ) galaxies. We used a sample of CG galaxies with IR data from the Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) allowing us to calculate the stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) for each galaxy. Furthermore, we present new CO(1-0) data for 27 galaxies and collect data from the literature to calculate the molecular gas mass for a total sample of 130 galaxies. This data set allows us to study the difference in the molecular gas fraction (Mmol/Mstar) and star formation efficiency (SFE=SFR/Mmol) between active, quiescent, and transitioning (i.e., canyon and IRTZ) galaxies. We find that transitioning galaxies have a mean molecular gas fraction and a mean SFE that are significantly lower than those of actively star-forming galaxies. The molecular gas fraction is higher than that of quiescent galaxies, whereas the SFE is similar. These results indicate that the transition from actively star-forming to quiescent in CG galaxies goes along with a loss of molecular gas, possibly due to tidal forces exerted from the neighboring galaxies or a decrease in the gas density. In addition, the remaining molecular gas loses its ability to form stars efficiently, possibly owing to turbulence perturbing the gas, as seen in other, well-studied examples such as Stephan's Quintet and HCG 57. Thus, the amount and properties of molecular gas play a crucial role in the environmentally driven transition of galaxies from actively star forming to quiescent.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/590/A10
- Title:
- 3C 279 optical photometry and polarimetry
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/590/A10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Over the past few years, several occasions of large, continuous rotations of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of linearly polarized optical emission from blazars have been reported. These events are often coincident with high energy gamma-ray flares and they have attracted considerable attention, as they could allow one to probe the magnetic field structure in the gamma-ray emitting region of the jet. The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 is one of the most prominent examples showing this behaviour. Our goal is to study the observed EVPA rotations and to distinguish between a stochastic and a deterministic origin of the polarization variability. We have combined multiple data sets of R-band photometry and optical polarimetry measurements of 3C 279, yielding exceptionally well-sampled flux density and polarization curves that cover a period of 2008-2012. Several large EVPA rotations are identified in the data. We introduce a quantitative measure for the EVPA curve smoothness, which is then used to test a set of simple random walk polarization variability models against the data. 3C 279 shows different polarization variation characteristics during an optical low-flux state and a flaring state. The polarization variation during the flaring state, especially the smooth approx. 360 deg. rotation of the EVPA in mid-2011, is not consistent with the tested stochastic processes. We conclude that during the two different optical flux states, two different processes govern the polarization variation, possibly a stochastic process during the low-brightness state and a deterministic process during the flaring activity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/VII/50
- Title:
- CO Radial Velocities Toward Galactic H II Regions
- Short Name:
- VII/50
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog contains machine-readable versions of the "Catalog of CO Radial Velocities Toward Galactic HII Regions" (Blitz et al. 1982) and the "Catalog of Carbon Monoxide Observations of Southern Hemisphere HII Regions" (Gillespie et al. 1977) in two separate files. The former is a catalog of 242 molecular cloud complexes that are associated with optical HII regions and includes source names, coordinates, CO radial velocities, antenna temperatures and full width at half-maximum at the position of the strongest CO emission, references for the observations, distances to the stars exciting the HII regions, and optical diameters of the HII regions. The latter is the first CO survey of the southern sky; it was made using the Anglo-Australian 3.9-m optical telescope at 115GHz (2.6-mm wavelength) with a hot-electron bolometer receiver located at the Coude focus. The data were collected during two observing periods (September 1975, April 1976) and include designations, coordinates, median values for the velocities, and distances to the stars exciting the HII regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/96
- Title:
- CORALIE and PFS radial velocities of HD 86226
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/96
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission was designed to find transiting planets around bright, nearby stars. Here, we present the detection and mass measurement of a small, short-period (~4days) transiting planet around the bright (V=7.9), solar-type star HD86226 (TOI-652, TIC22221375), previously known to host a long-period (~1600days) giant planet. HD86226c (TOI-652.01) has a radius of 2.16{+/-}0.08R_{Earth}_ and a mass of 7.25_-1.12_^+1.19^M_{Earth}_, based on archival and new radial velocity data. We also update the parameters of the longer-period, not-known-to-transit planet, and find it to be less eccentric and less massive than previously reported. The density of the transiting planet is 3.97g/cm^3^, which is low enough to suggest that the planet has at least a small volatile envelope, but the mass fractions of rock, iron, and water are not well- constrained. Given the host star brightness, planet period, and location of the planet near both the "radius gap" and the "hot Neptune desert," HD86226c is an interesting candidate for transmission spectroscopy to further refine its composition.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/455/4231
- Title:
- Coralie radial velocities for l Car
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/455/4231
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Baade-Wesselink-type (BW) techniques enable geometric distance measurements of Cepheid variable stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic clouds. The leading uncertainties involved concern projection factors required to translate observed radial velocities (RVs) to pulsational velocities and recently discovered modulated variability. We carried out an unprecedented observational campaign involving long-baseline interferometry (VLTI/PIONIER) and spectroscopy (Euler/Coralie) to search for modulated variability in the long-period (P~35.5d) Cepheid {ell} Carinae. We determine highly precise angular diameters from squared visibilities and investigate possible differences between two consecutive maximal diameters, {Delta}_max_{Theta}. We characterize the modulated variability along the line of sight using 360 high-precision RVs. Here we report tentative evidence for modulated angular variability and confirm cycle-to-cycle differences of {ell} Carinae's RV variability. Two successive maxima yield {Delta}_max_{Theta}=13.1+/-0.7(stat.){mu}as for uniform disc models and 22.5+/-1.4(stat.){mu}as (4 percent of the total angular variation) for limb-darkened models. By comparing new RVs with 2014 RVs, we show modulation to vary in strength. Barring confirmation, our results suggest the optical continuum (traced by interferometry) to be differently affected by modulation than gas motions (traced by spectroscopy). This implies a previously unknown time dependence of projection factors, which can vary by 5 percent between consecutive cycles of expansion and contraction. Additional interferometric data are required to confirm modulated angular diameter variations. By understanding the origin of modulated variability and monitoring its long-term behaviour, we aim to improve the accuracy of BW distances and further the understanding of stellar pulsations.