- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/148/3
- Title:
- Debris disk candidates detected with AKARI/FIS
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/148/3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We cross-correlate the Hipparcos main-sequence star catalog with the AKARI/FIS catalog and identify 136 stars (at >90% reliability) with far-infrared detections in at least one band. After rejecting 57 stars classified as young stellar objects, Be stars and other type stars with known dust disks or with potential contaminations, and 4 stars without infrared excess emission, we obtain a sample of 75 candidate stars with debris disks. Stars in our sample cover spectral types from B to K with most being early types. This represents a unique sample of luminous debris disks that derived uniformly from an all-sky survey with a spatial resolution factor of four better than the previous such survey by IRAS. Moreover, by collecting the infrared photometric data from other public archives, almost three-quarters of them have infrared excesses in more than one band, allowing an estimate of the dust temperatures. We fit the blackbody model to the broadband spectral energy distribution of these stars to derive the statistical distribution of the disk parameters. Four B stars with excesses in four or more bands require a double blackbody model, with the high one around 100 or 200K and the low one around 40-50K.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/636/1098
- Title:
- Debris disks around solar-type stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/636/1098
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have searched for infrared excesses around a well-defined sample of 69 FGK main-sequence field stars. These stars were selected without regard to their age, metallicity, or any previous detection of IR excess; they have a median age of 4Gyr.
4213. Debris disks in NGC 2232
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/688/597
- Title:
- Debris disks in NGC 2232
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/688/597
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe Spitzer IRAC and MIPS observations of the nearby 25Myr old open cluster NGC 2232. Combining these data with ROSAT All-Sky Survey observations, proper motions, and optical photometry/spectroscopy, we construct a list of highly probable cluster members. We identify one A-type star, HD 45435, that has definite excess emission at 4.5-24um indicative of debris from terrestrial planet formation. We also identify 2-4 late-type stars with possible 8um excesses and 8 early-type stars with definite 24um excesses. Constraints on the dust luminosity and temperature suggest that the detected excesses are produced by debris disks. From our sample of B and A stars, stellar rotation appears to be correlated with 24um excess, a result that would be expected if massive primordial disks evolve into massive debris disks. To explore the evolution of the frequency and magnitude of debris around A-type stars, we combine our results with data for other young clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/705/1646
- Title:
- Debris disks in Upper Sco
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/705/1646
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present MIPS 24um and 70um photometry for 205 members of the Upper Scorpius OB Association. These data are combined with published MIPS photometry for 15 additional association members to assess the frequency of circumstellar disks around 5Myr old stars with spectral types between B0 and M5. Twelve stars have a detectable 70um excess, each of which also has a detectable 24um excess. A total of 54 stars are identified with a 24um excess more than 32% above the stellar photosphere. The MIPS observations reveal 19 excess sources - 8 A/F/G stars and 11 K/M stars - that were not previously identified with an 8um or 16um excess. The lack of short-wavelength emission and the weak 24um excess suggests that these sources are debris systems or the remnants of optically thick primordial disks with inner holes. Despite the wide range of luminosities of the stars hosting apparent debris systems, the excess characteristics are consistent with all stars having dust at similar orbital radii after factoring in variations in the radiation blowout particle size with spectral type. The results for Upper Sco are compared to similar photometric surveys from the literature to re-evaluate the evolution of debris emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/887/19
- Title:
- DECam phot. of Gaia stars in Price-Whelan 1
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/887/19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of a young ({tau}~117Myr), low-mass (M~1200M_{sun}_), metal-poor ([Fe/H]~-1.14) stellar association at a heliocentric distance D~28.7kpc, placing it far into the Milky Way (MW) halo. At its present Galactocentric position (R,z)~(23,15)kpc, the association is (on the sky) near the leading arm of the gas stream emanating from the Magellanic Cloud system, but is located ~60{deg} from the Large Magellanic Cloud center on the other side of the MW disk. If the cluster is colocated with HI gas in the stream, we directly measure the distance to the leading arm of the Magellanic stream. The measured distance is inconsistent with Magellanic stream model predictions that do not account for ram pressure and gas interaction with the MW disk. The estimated age of the cluster is consistent with the time of last passage of the leading arm gas through the Galactic midplane; we therefore speculate that this star formation event was triggered by its last disk midplane passage. Most details of this idea remain a puzzle: the Magellanic stream has low column density, the MW disk at large radii has low gas density, and the relative velocity of the leading arm and MW gas is large. However it formed, the discovery of a young stellar cluster in the MW halo presents an interesting opportunity for study. This cluster was discovered with Gaia astrometry and photometry alone, but follow-up DECam photometry was crucial for measuring its properties.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/875/L13
- Title:
- DECam r and i magnitudes in the Fornax 6 cluster
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/875/L13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since first noticed by Shapley in 1939, a faint object coincident with the Fornax dwarf spheroidal has long been discussed as a possible sixth globular cluster (GC) system. However, debate has continued over whether this overdensity is a statistical artifact or a blended galaxy group. In this Letter we demonstrate, using deep DECam imaging data, that this object is well resolved into stars and is a bona fide star cluster. The stellar overdensity of this cluster is statistically significant at the level of ~6-6.7{sigma} in several different photometric catalogs including Gaia. Therefore, it is highly unlikely to be caused by random fluctuation. We show that Fornax 6 is a star cluster with a peculiarly low surface brightness and irregular shape, which may indicate a strong tidal influence from its host galaxy. The Hess diagram of Fornax 6 is largely consistent with that of Fornax field stars, but it appears to be slightly bluer. However, it is still likely more metal-rich than most of the GCs in the system. Faint clusters like Fornax 6 that orbit and potentially get disrupted in the centers of dwarf galaxies can prove crucial for constraining the dark matter distribution in Milky Way satellites.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/484/5049
- Title:
- DECam Survey of Scorpius Centaurus
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/484/5049
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using images taken with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), the first extensive survey of low mass and substellar objects is made in the ~15-20Myr Upper Centaurus Lupus (UCL) and Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC) subgroups of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association (Sco-Cen). Due to the size of our data set (>2Tb), we developed an extensive open source set of python libraries to reduce our images, including astrometry, coaddition, and PSF photometry. Our survey consists of 29x3deg^2^ fields in the UCL and LCC subgroups of Sco-Cen and the creation of a catalogue with over 11 million point sources. We create a prioritized list of UCL and LCC candidate members, with 118 best and another 348 good candidates. We show that the luminosity and mass functions of our low mass and substellar candidates are consistent with measurements for the younger Upper Scorpius subgroup and estimates of a universal IMF, with spectral types ranging from M1 down to L1.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/656/A49
- Title:
- Decoding the morphological evolution of open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/656/A49
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The properties of open clusters such as metallicity, age, and morphology are useful tools in studies of the dynamic evolution of open clusters. The morphology of open clusters can help us better understand the evolution of such structures. We aim to analyze the morphological evolution of 1256 open clusters by combining the shapes of the sample clusters in the proper motion space with their morphology in the two-dimensional spherical Galactic coordinate system, providing their shape parameters based on a member catalog derived from Gaia Second Data Release as well as data from the literature. We applied a combination of a nonparametric bivariate density estimation with the least square ellipse fitting to derive the shape parameters of the sample clusters. We derived the shape parameters of the sample clusters in the two-dimensional spherical Galactic coordinate system and that of the proper motion space. By analyzing the dislocation of the sample clusters, we find that the dislocation, d; is related to the X-axis pointing toward the Galactic center, Y-axis pointing in the direction of Galactic rotation, and the Z-axis (log(|H|/pc)) that is positive toward the Galactic north pole. This finding underlines the important role of the dislocation of clusters in tracking the external environment of the Milky Way. The orientation (q_pm_) of the clusters, with e_pm_>=0.4, presents an aggregate distribution in the range of -45{deg} to 45{deg}, comprising about 74% of them. This probably suggests that these clusters tend to deform heavily in the direction of the Galactic plane. NGC 752 is in a slight stage of expansion in the two-dimensional space and will become deformed, in terms of its morphology, along the direction perpendicular to the original stretching direction in the future if no other events occur. The relative degree of deformation of the sample clusters in the short-axis direction decreases as their ages increase. On average, the severely distorted sample clusters in each group account for about 26%~9%. This possibly implies a uniform external environment in the range of |H|<=300pc if the sample completeness of each group is not taken into account.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A100
- Title:
- Decomposition of Galactic sky with autoencoders
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A100
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- All-sky observations show both Galactic and non-Galactic diffuse emission, for example from interstellar matter or the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The decomposition of the emission into different underlying radiative components is an important signal reconstruction problem. We aim to reconstruct radiative all-sky components using spectral data, without incorporating knowledge about physical or spatial correlations. We built a self-instructing algorithm based on variational autoencoders following three steps: (1) We stated a forward model describing how the data set is generated from a smaller set of features, (2) we used Bayes' theorem to derive a posterior probability distribution, and (3) used variational inference and statistical independence of the features to approximate the posterior. From this, we derived a loss function and optimized it with neural networks. The resulting algorithm contains a quadratic error norm with a self-adaptive variance estimate to minimize the number of hyperparameters. We trained our algorithm on independent pixel vectors, each vector representing the spectral information of the same pixel in 35 Galactic all-sky maps ranging from the radio to the gamma-ray regime. The algorithm calculates a compressed representation of the input data. We find the feature maps derived in the algorithm's latent space show spatial structures that can be associated with all-sky representations of known astrophysical components. Our resulting feature maps encode (1) the dense interstellar medium (ISM), (2) the hot and dilute regions of the ISM, and (3) the CMB, without being informed about these components a priori. We conclude that Bayesian signal reconstruction with independent Gaussian latent space statistics is sufficient to reconstruct the dense and the dilute ISM, as well as the CMB, from spectral correlations only. The approximation of the posterior can be performed computationally efficient using variational inference and neural networks, making them a suitable approach to probabilistic data analysis.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/783/6
- Title:
- Deconvolved Spitzer images of 89 protostars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/783/6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To study the role of protosellar jets and outflows in the time evolution of the parent cores and the protostars, the astronomical community needs a large enough database of infrared images of protostars at the highest spatial resolution possible to reveal the details of their morphology. Spitzer provides unprecedented sensitivity in the infrared to study both the jet and outflow features, however, its spatial resolution is limited by its 0.85 m mirror. Here, we use a high-resolution deconvolution algorithm, "HiRes," to improve the visualization of spatial morphology by enhancing resolution (to subarcsecond levels in the IRAC bands) and removing the contaminating side lobes from bright sources in a sample of 89 protostellar objects. These reprocessed images are useful for detecting (1) wide-angle outflows seen in scattered light, (2) morphological details of H_2_ emission in jets and bow shocks, and (3) compact features in MIPS 24 {mu}m images as protostar/disk and atomic/ionic line emission associated with the jets. The HiRes FITS image data of such a large homogeneous sample presented here will be useful to the community in studying these protostellar objects. To illustrate the utility of this HiRes sample, we show how the opening angle of the wide-angle outflows in 31 sources, all observed in the HiRes-processed Spitzer images, correlates with age. Our data suggest a power-law fit to opening angle versus age with an exponent of ~0.32 and 0.02, respectively, for ages <= 8000 yr and >= 8000 yr.