- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/531/A92
- Title:
- Deep all-sky census of the Hyades
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/531/A92
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- On the basis of the PPMXL catalogue we perform an all-sky census of the Hyades down to masses of about 0.2M_{sun}_ in a region up to 30pc from the cluster centre. We use the proper motions from PPMXL in the convergent point method to determine probable kinematic members. From 2MASS photometry and CMC14 r'-band photometry, we derive empirical colour-absolute magnitude diagrams and, finally, determine photometric membership for all kinematic candidates. This is the first deep (r'<17) all-sky survey of the Hyades allowing a full three-dimensional analysis of the cluster. The survey is complete down to at least M_{K_s_}_=7.3 or 0.25M_{sun}_. We find 724 stellar systems co-moving with the bulk Hyades space velocity, which represent a total mass of 435M_{sun}_. The tidal radius is about 9pc, and 275M_{sun}_ (364 systems) are gravitationally bound. This is the cluster proper. Its mass density profile is perfectly fitted by a Plummer model with a central density of 2.21M_{sun}_/pc^3^ and a core radius of r_co_=3.10pc, while the half-mass radius is r_h_=4.1pc. There are another 100M_{sun}_ in a volume between one and two tidal radii (halo), and another 60M_{sun}_ up to a distance of 30pc from the centre. Strong mass segregation is inherent in the cluster. The present-day luminosity and mass functions are noticeably different in various parts of the cluster (core, corona, halo, and co-movers). They are strongly evolved compared to presently favoured initial mass functions. The analysis of the velocity dispersion of the cluster shows that about 20% of its members must be binaries. As a by-product, we find that presently available theoretical isochrones are not able to adequately describe the near-infrared colour-absolute magnitude relation for those cluster stars that are less massive than about 0.6M_{sun}_.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/478/3721
- Title:
- Deep ALMA photometry of distant X-ray AGN
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/478/3721
- Date:
- 10 Dec 2021 00:23:44
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the star formation rates (SFRs) of a sample of 109 galaxies with X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with moderate to high X-ray luminosities (L_2-8keV_=10^42^-10^45^erg/s), at redshifts 1<z<4.7, that were selected to be faint or undetected in the Herschel bands. We combine our deep Atacama large (sub-)millimetre array (ALMA) continuum observations with deblended 8-500um photometry from Spitzer and Herschel, and use infrared (IR) spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting and AGN - star formation decomposition methods. The addition of the ALMA photometry results in an order of magnitude more X-ray AGN in our sample with a measured SFR (now 37%). The remaining 63 % of the sources have SFR upper limits that are typically a factor of 2-10 times lower than the pre-ALMA constraints. With the improved constraints on the IR SEDs, we can now identify a mid-IR (MIR) AGN component in 50% of our sample, compared to only ~1% previously. We further explore the F_870um_/F_24um_ -redshift plane as a tool for the identification of MIR-emitting AGN, for three different samples representing AGN-dominated, star formation-dominated, and composite sources. We demonstrate that the F_870um_/F_24um_ -redshift plane can successfully split between AGN and star formation-dominated sources, and can be used as an AGN identification method.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/132/2409
- Title:
- Deep ATLAS radio observations of CDFS
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/132/2409
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first results from the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey, which consists of deep radio observations of a 3.7deg^2^ field surrounding the Chandra Deep Field-South, largely coincident with the infrared Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic (SWIRE) Survey. We also list cross-identifications to infrared and optical photometry data from SWIRE, and ground-based optical spectroscopy. A total of 784 radio components are identified, corresponding to 726 distinct radio sources, nearly all of which are identified with SWIRE sources. Of the radio sources with measured redshifts, most lie in the redshift range 0.5-2 and include both star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei. We identify a rare population of infrared-faint radio sources that are bright at radio wavelengths but are not seen in the available optical, infrared, or X-ray data. Such rare classes of sources can only be discovered in wide, deep surveys such as this.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/427/679
- Title:
- Deep blank field catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/427/679
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The observation of blank fields, defined as regions of the sky that are devoid of stars down to a given threshold magnitude, constitutes one of the most relevant calibration procedures required for the proper reduction of astronomical data obtained following typical observing strategies. In this work, we have used the Delaunay triangulation to search for deep blank fields throughout the whole sky, with a minimum size of 10-arcmin in diameter and an increasing threshold magnitude from 15 to 18 in the R band of the USNO-B Catalog of the United States Naval Observatory. The result is a catalogue with the deepest blank fields known so far. A short sample of these regions has been tested with the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias, and it has been shown to be extremely useful for medium and large size telescopes. Because some of the regions found could also be suitable for new extragalactic studies, we have estimated the galactic extinction in the direction of each deep blank field. This catalogue is accessible through the Virtual Observatory tool TESELA, and the user can retrieve - and visualise using Aladin - the deep blank fields available near a given position in the sky.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/261/657
- Title:
- Deep CCD photometry of Leo II
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/261/657
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a deep colour-magnitude diagram of the central 7 x 7 arcmin2 region of Leo II. The diagram shows a well-defined giant branch and a red horizontal branch, heavily populated on the red side but extending far into the blue. Having a low metallicity ([Fe/H]=-1.9), the Leo II diagram is similar to those of outer halo clusters suffering from the second-parameter syndrome. From the mean apparent magnitude of candidate RR Lyrae stars, (VHB) = 22.10, we estimate the distance of Leo II to be 215 kpc, a value similar to previous estimates. A number of variable-star candidates are identified and two new very red giants have been found. Comparison with the other dwarf spheroidals of the Local Group reveals that Leo II belongs to the group of four small and faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/110
- Title:
- Deep CFHT imaging of VVDS-F22 field. II. Quasars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/110
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the results of a faint quasar survey in a one-square-degree field. The aim is to test the Y-K/g-z and J-K/i-Y color selection criteria for quasars at faint magnitudes to obtain a complete sample of quasars based on deep optical and near-infrared color-color selection and to measure the faint end of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) over a wide redshift range. We carried out a quasar survey based on the Y-K/g-z and J-K/i-Y quasar selection criteria, using the deep Y-band data obtained from our CFHT/WIRCam Y-band images in a two-degree field within the F22 field of the VIMOS VLT deep survey, optical co-added data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 and deep near-infrared data from the UKIDSS Deep Extragalactic Survey in the same field. We discovered 25 new quasars at 0.5<z<4.5 and i<22.5 mag within one-square-degree field. The survey significantly increases the number of faint quasars in this field, especially at z~2-3. It confirms that our color selections are highly complete in a wide redshift range (z<4.5), especially over the quasar number density peak at z~2-3, even for faint quasars. Combining all previous known quasars and new discoveries, we construct a sample with 109 quasars and measure the binned QLF and parametric QLF. Although the sample is small, our results agree with a pure luminosity evolution at lower redshift and luminosity evolution and density evolution model at redshift z>2.5.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/766/14
- Title:
- Deep Chandra bulge field X-ray point sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/766/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Apparently diffuse X-ray emission has been known to exist along the central quarter of the Galactic Plane since the beginning of X-ray astronomy; this is referred to as the Galactic Ridge X-ray emission (GRXE). Recent deep X-ray observations have shown that numerous X-ray point sources account for a large fraction of the GRXE in the hard band (2-8keV). However, the nature of these sources is poorly understood. Using the deepest X-ray observations made in the Chandra bulge field, we present the result of a coherent photometric and spectroscopic analysis of individual X-ray point sources for the purpose of constraining their nature and deriving their fractional contributions to the hard-band continuum and Fe K line emission of the GRXE. Based on the X-ray color-color diagram, we divided the point sources into three groups: A (hard), B (soft and broad spectrum), and C (soft and peaked spectrum). The group A sources are further decomposed spectrally into thermal and non-thermal sources with different fractions in different flux ranges. From their X-ray properties, we speculate that the group A non-thermal sources are mostly active galactic nuclei and the thermal sources are mostly white dwarf (WD) binaries such as magnetic and non-magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs), pre-CVs, and symbiotic stars, whereas the group B and C sources are X-ray active stars in flares and quiescence, respectively. In the log N-log S curve of the 2-8 keV band, the group A non-thermal sources are dominant above {approx}10^-14^erg/cm2/s, which is gradually taken over by Galactic sources in the fainter flux ranges. The Fe K{alpha} emission is mostly from the group A thermal (WD binaries) and the group B (X-ray active stars) sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/204/14
- Title:
- Deep Chandra observations of NGC 4649. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/204/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the X-ray source catalog for the Chandra monitoring observations of the elliptical galaxy, NGC 4649 (M60). The galaxy has been observed with Chandra ACIS-S3 in six separate pointings, reaching a total exposure of 299ks. There are 501 X-ray sources detected in the 0.3-8.0keV band in the merged observation or in one of the six individual observations; 399 sources are located within the D_25_ ellipse. The observed 0.3-8.0keV luminosities of these 501 sources range from 9.3x10^36^erg/s to 5.4x10^39^erg/s. The 90% detection completeness limit within the D_25_ ellipse is 5.5x10^37^erg/s. Based on the surface density of background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and detection completeness, we expect ~45 background AGNs among the catalog sources (~15 within the D_25_ ellipse). There are nine sources with luminosities greater than 10^39^erg/s, which are candidates for ultraluminous X-ray sources. The nuclear source of NGC 4649 is a low-luminosity AGN, with an intrinsic 2.0-8.0keV X-ray luminosity of 1.5x10^38^erg/s. The X-ray colors suggest that the majority of the catalog sources are low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). We find that 164 of the 501 X-ray sources show long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects. We discover four transient candidates and another four potential transients. We also identify 173 X-ray sources (141 within the D_25_ ellipse) that are associated with globular clusters (GCs) based on Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based data; these LMXBs tend to be hosted by red GCs. Although NGC 4649 has a much larger population of X-ray sources than the structurally similar early-type galaxies, NGC 3379 and NGC 4278, the X-ray source properties are comparable in all three systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/213/23
- Title:
- Deep Chandra obs. of the giant HII region N11 in LMC
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/213/23
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A very sensitive X-ray investigation of the giant H II region N11 in the Large Megallanic Cloud was performed using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The 300ks observation reveals X-ray sources with luminosities down to 10^32^erg/s, increasing the number of known point sources in the field by more than a factor of five. Among these detections are 13 massive stars (3 compact groups of massive stars, 9 O stars, and one early B star) with log (L_X_/L_BOL_)~-6.5 to -7, which may suggest that they are highly magnetic or colliding-wind systems. On the other hand, the stacked signal for regions corresponding to undetected O stars yields log (L_X_/L_BOL_)~-7.3, i.e., an emission level comparable to similar Galactic stars despite the lower metallicity. Other point sources coincide with 11 foreground stars, 6 late-B/A stars in N11, and many background objects. This observation also uncovers the extent and detailed spatial properties of the soft, diffuse emission regions, but the presence of some hotter plasma in their spectra suggests contamination by the unresolved stellar population.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/862/73
- Title:
- Deep Chandra obs. of X-ray point sources in M87
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/862/73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a study of X-ray source populations in M87, the cD galaxy of the Virgo cluster, using 12 archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~680ks spanning about a decade. A total of 346 point-like sources are detected down to a limiting 0.5-8keV luminosity of 4x10^37^erg/s and out to a galactocentric radius of ~40kpc. We cross-correlate the X-ray sources with published catalogs of globular clusters (GCs), derived from the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey and the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. This results in 122 matches, making it one of the largest samples of GC-hosting X-ray sources in an external galaxy. These sources, most likely low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), correspond to ~5% of all known GCs within the Chandra field-of-view. Conversely, ~50% of the detected X-ray sources are found in a GC. Moreover, red (metal-rich) GCs are ~2.2 times more likely to host an X-ray source than blue (metal-poor) GCs. We also examine 76 currently known ultra-compact dwarf galaxies around M87 but find no significant X-ray counterparts. After statistically accounting for the cosmic X-ray background, we identify ~110 field-LMXBs. The GC-LMXBs and field-LMXBs differ in their luminosity function and radial distribution, which indicates that the latter cannot be primarily originated from GCs. Using another set of deep Chandra observations toward ~100kpc northwest of the M87 center, we statistically constrain the abundance of field-LMXBs in the stellar halo, which is consistent with that found in the central region. We also identify 40 variable X-ray sources, among which one source is likely a black hole binary residing in a GC.