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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/715/310
- Title:
- Early stages of star formation in IRDCs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/715/310
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Identified as extinction features against the bright Galactic mid-infrared background, infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are thought to harbor the very earliest stages of star and cluster formation. In order to better characterize the properties of their embedded cores, we have obtained new 24um, 60-100um, and submillimeter continuum data toward a sample of 38 IRDCs. The 24um Spitzer images reveal that while the IRDCs remain dark, many of the cores are associated with bright 24um emission sources, which suggests that they contain one or more embedded protostars. Combining the 24um, 60-100um, and submillimeter continuum data, we have constructed broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 157 of the cores within these IRDCs and, using simple graybody fits to the SEDs, have estimated their dust temperatures, emissivities, opacities, bolometric luminosities, masses, and densities. Based on their Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera 3-8um colors and the presence of 24um point-source emission, we have separated cores that harbor active, high-mass star formation from cores that are quiescent. The active "protostellar" cores typically have warmer dust temperatures and higher bolometric luminosities than the more quiescent, perhaps "pre-protostellar," cores. Because the mass distributions of the populations are similar, however, we speculate that the active and quiescent cores may represent different evolutionary stages of the same underlying population of cores. Although we cannot rule out low-mass star formation in the quiescent cores, the most massive of them are excellent candidates for the "high-mass starless core" phase, the very earliest in the formation of a high-mass star.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/444/2571
- Title:
- Early-Tyoe Galaxies in SDSS and GALEX
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/444/2571
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the Hernandez-Perez and Bruzual stellar population synthesis models to study the role of interacting binary pairs as progenitors of extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars. We assemble a sample of 3417 early-type galaxies observed both in the optical (SDSS-DR8) and the UV (GALEX-GR6). The galaxies in our sample can be classified according to their position in the colour-colour diagram as UV-weak or red-sequence galaxies (~48%), UV-strong or UVX galaxies (~9%), and recent star-forming galaxies (~43%). Analysing this sample using the models for various choices of basic model parameters, we conclude that (a) the UVr colours of UV-weak and UV-strong galaxies are reproduced by the models as long as the fraction of binary stars is at least 15%. (b) Higher metallicity models (Z=0.02 and 0.03) reproduce the colours of UV-weak and UV-strong galaxies better than lower Z models. The Z=0.03 model is slightly bluer than the Z=0.02 model in the UV-strong region, indicating a weak relationship between UVX and Z. (c) The strength of UVX increases with age in the model population. This is at variance with the results of other models that include binary stars as progenitors of EHB stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/899/121
- Title:
- 127 early type and pre-main-sequence stars in W4
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/899/121
- Date:
- 15 Mar 2022 03:47:36
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Stellar kinematics provides the key to understanding the formation process and dynamical evolution of stellar systems. Here, we present a kinematic study of the massive star-forming region (SFR) W4 in the Cassiopeia OB6 association using the Gaia Data Release 2 and high-resolution optical spectra. This SFR is composed of a core cluster (IC1805) and a stellar population distributed over 20pc, which is a typical structural feature found in many OB associations. According to a classical model, this structural feature can be understood in the context of the dynamical evolution of a star cluster. The core-extended structure exhibits internally different kinematic properties. Stars in the core have an almost isotropic motion, and they appear to reach virial equilibrium given their velocity dispersion (0.9{+/-}0.3km/s) comparable to that in a virial state (~0.8km/s). On the other hand, the distributed population shows a clear pattern of radial expansion. From the N-body simulation for the dynamical evolution of a model cluster in subvirial state, we reproduce the observed structure and kinematics of stars. This model cluster experiences collapse for the first 2Myr. Some members begin to radially escape from the cluster after the initial collapse, eventually forming a distributed population. The internal structure and kinematics of the model cluster appear similar to those of W4. Our results support the idea that the stellar population distributed over 20pc in W4 originate from the dynamical evolution of IC1805.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/423/422
- Title:
- Early-type BCGs with star formation
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/423/422
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We identify a total of 120 early-type brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at 0.1<z<0.4 in two recent large cluster catalogues selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). They are selected with strong emission lines in their optical spectra, with both H{alpha} and [OII]{lambda}3727 line emission, which indicates significant ongoing star formation. They constitute about ~0.5 per cent of the largest, optically selected, low-redshift BCG sample, and the fraction is a strong function of cluster richness. Their star formation history can be well described by a recent minor and short starburst superimposed on an old stellar component, with the recent episode of star formation contributing on average only less than 1 per cent of the total stellar mass. We show that the more massive star-forming BCGs in richer clusters tend to have higher star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (SFR per unit galaxy stellar mass). We also compare their statistical properties with a control sample selected from X-ray luminous clusters, and show that the fraction of star-forming BCGs in X-ray luminous clusters is almost one order of magnitude larger than that in optically selected clusters. BCGs with star formation in cooling flow clusters usually have very flat optical spectra and show the most active star formation, which may be connected with cooling flows.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/401/257
- Title:
- Early-type binaries on main sequence
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/401/257
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We showed in a preceding paper based on an analysis of the observed rates of apsidal motion that synchronization in early-type eclipsing binaries continues on the main sequence, and the observed synchronization times, t_syn_, agree with the Zahn's theory (1977A&A....57..383Z) and are inconsistent with the shorter time-scale proposed by Tassoul (1987ApJ...322..856T, 1988ApJ...324L..71T). It follows from this that circularization in early-type binaries must also proceed in accordance with the Zahn's theory because the circularization times, t_circ_, in both theories are rather tightly related to tsyn via relation t_circ_~{alpha}t_syn_, where {alpha} is the orbital-to-axial momentum ratio.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/463/503
- Title:
- Early-type dwarf galaxies in Fornax cluster
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/463/503
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyse the photometric properties of the early-type Fornax cluster dwarf galaxy population, based on a wide field imaging study of the central cluster area in V and I. We used the instrument/telescope combination IMACS/Magellan at Las Campanas Observatory. We create a fiducial sample of Fornax cluster dwarf ellipticals (dEs) in the following three steps: (1) To verify cluster membership, we measured I-band surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distances to candidate dEs; (2) We re-assessed morphological classifications for candidate dEs too faint for SBF detection; and (3) We searched for new candidate dEs in the size-luminosity regime close to the resolution limit of previous surveys. (1) We confirm cluster membership for 28 candidate dEs in the range -16.6<M_V_<-10.1mag by means of SBF distances. We find no SBF background galaxy. (2) Of 51 further candidate dEs in the range -13.2<M_V_<-8.6mag, 2/3 are confirmed as probable cluster members by morphological re-assessment, while 1/3 are re-classified as probable background objects. (3) We find 12 new dE candidates in the range -12.3<M_V_<-8.8mag. The surface brightness-magnitude relation defined by the resulting fiducial dE sample shows that Fornax dEs are about 40% larger than Local Group dEs. The Fornax dE sample furthermore defines a colour-magnitude relation that appears slightly shallower than that of Local Group dEs. The early-type dwarf galaxy luminosity function in Fornax has a faint end slope alpha=-1.1+/- 0.1.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/810/61
- Title:
- Early-type EBs with intermediate orbital periods
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/810/61
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze 221 eclipsing binaries (EBs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud with B-type main-sequence (MS) primaries (M_1_~4-14 M_{sun}_) and orbital periods P=20-50 days that were photometrically monitored by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. We utilize our three-stage automated pipeline to (1) classify all 221 EBs, (2) fit physical models to the light curves of 130 detached well-defined EBs from which unique parameters can be determined, and (3) recover the intrinsic binary statistics by correcting for selection effects. We uncover two statistically significant trends with age. First, younger EBs tend to reside in dustier environments with larger photometric extinctions, an empirical relation that can be implemented when modeling stellar populations. Second, younger EBs generally have large eccentricities. This demonstrates that massive binaries at moderate orbital periods are born with a Maxwellian "thermal" orbital velocity distribution, which indicates they formed via dynamical interactions. In addition, the age-eccentricity anticorrelation provides a direct constraint for tidal evolution in highly eccentric binaries containing hot MS stars with radiative envelopes. The intrinsic fraction of B-type MS stars with stellar companions q=M_2_/M_1_>0.2 and orbital periods P=20-50 days is (7+/-2)%. We find early-type binaries at P=20-50 days are weighted significantly toward small mass ratios q~0.2-0.3, which is different than the results from previous observations of closer binaries with P<20 days. This indicates that early-type binaries at slightly wider orbital separations have experienced substantially less competitive accretion and coevolution during their formation in the circumbinary disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/17B
- Title:
- Early-Type Emission-Line Stars
- Short Name:
- III/17B
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog contains 5326 early-type emission-line stars. Of these, 1424 have no spectral classification but are assumed to be of early type. Some 71 percent of the stars listed here can also be found in the Mount Wilson and the Mount Wilson-Michigan survey catalogs. The catalog contains numerous cross identifications to other designations (name, HD, DM, LS, MWC, TON, HIL, WRA, HEN, etc.), spectroscopic type, magnitudes (visual and blue), equatorial (B1900 and B1950), and galactic coordinates.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/128/1990
- Title:
- Early-type field galaxies at z~0.75
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/128/1990
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We measure the luminosity function of morphologically selected E/S0 galaxies from z=0.5 to 1.0 using deep high-resolution Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging data. Our analysis covers an area of 48arcmin^2^ (8 times the area of the Hubble Deep Field North) and extends 2mag deeper (I~24 mag) than was possible in the Deep Groth Strip Survey (DGSS). Our fields were observed as part of the ACS Guaranteed Time Observations.