- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/660/1486
- Title:
- Variability of LMC semiregular variables
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/660/1486
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Observational arguments supporting the binary explanation of the long secondary period (LSP) phenomenon in red giants are presented. Photometry of about 1200 semiregular variables with LSPs in the Large Magellanic Cloud is analyzed using the MACHO and OGLE photometry. For about 5% of these objects, additional ellipsoidal-like or eclipsing-like modulation with the same periods as the LSP is detectable. These double-humped variations are usually shifted in phase compared to LSP light curves. I discuss the model of a binary system with a red giant as the primary component and a low-mass object as the secondary. The mass lost by the red giant through the wind follows a spiral pattern in the orbit around the primary star and obscures it, causing LSP variations.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/859/73
- Title:
- Variability of RSGs in M31 from the iPTF survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/859/73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Most massive stars end their lives as red supergiants (RSGs), a short-lived evolutionary phase when they are known to pulsate with varying amplitudes. The RSG period-luminosity (PL) relation has been measured in the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds and M33 for about 120 stars in total. Using over 1500 epochs of R-band monitoring from the Palomar Transient Factory survey over a five-year period, we study the variability of 255 spectroscopically cataloged RSGs in M31. We find that all RGSs brighter than M_K_~-10mag (log(L/L_{sun}_)>4.8) are variable at {Delta}m_R_>0.05mag. Our period analysis finds 63 with significant pulsation periods. Using the periods found and the known values of M_K_ for these stars, we derive the RSG PL relation in M31 and show that it is consistent with those derived earlier in other galaxies of different metallicities. We also detect, for the first time, a sequence of likely first-overtone pulsations. Comparison to stellar evolution models from MESA confirms the first-overtone hypothesis and indicates that the variable stars in this sample have 12M_{sun}_<M<24M_{sun}_. As these RSGs are the immediate progenitors to Type II-P core-collapse supernovae (SNe), we also explore the implication of their variability in the initial-mass estimates for SN progenitors based on archival images of the progenitors. We find that this effect is small compared to the present measurement errors.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/844/40
- Title:
- Variable stars in M31 and M33. V. HR diagram
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/844/40
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present HR diagrams for the massive star populations in M31 and M33, including several different types of emission-line stars: the confirmed luminous blue variables (LBVs), candidate LBVs, B[e] supergiants, and the warm hypergiants. We estimate their apparent temperatures and luminosities for comparison with their respective massive star populations and evaluate the possible relationships of these different classes of evolved, massive stars, and their evolutionary state. Several of the LBV candidates lie near the LBV/S Dor instability strip that supports their classification. Most of the B[e] supergiants, however, are less luminous than the LBVs. Many are very dusty with the infrared flux contributing one-third or more to their total flux. They are also relatively isolated from other luminous OB stars. Overall, their spatial distribution suggests a more evolved state. Some may be post-RSGs (red supergiants) like the warm hypergiants, and there may be more than one path to becoming a B[e] star. There are sufficient differences in the spectra, luminosities, spatial distribution, and the presence or lack of dust between the LBVs and B[e] supergiants to conclude that one group does not evolve into the other.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/825/50
- Title:
- Variable stars in M31 & M33. III. YSGs & RSGs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/825/50
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Recent supernova (SN) and transient surveys have revealed an increasing number of non-terminal stellar eruptions. Though the progenitor class of these eruptions includes the most luminous stars, little is known of the pre-SN mechanics of massive stars in their most evolved state, thus motivating a census of possible progenitors. From surveys of evolved and unstable luminous star populations in nearby galaxies, we select a sample of yellow and red supergiant (RSG) candidates in M31 and M33 for review of their spectral characteristics and spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Since the position of intermediate- and late-type supergiants on the color-magnitude diagram can be heavily contaminated by foreground dwarfs, we employ spectral classification and multi-band photometry from optical and near-infrared surveys to confirm membership. Based on spectroscopic evidence for mass loss and the presence of circumstellar (CS) dust in their SEDs, we find that 30%-40% of the yellow supergiants are likely in a post-RSG state. Comparison with evolutionary tracks shows that these mass-losing, post-RSGs have initial masses between 20 and 40M_{sun}_. More than half of the observed RSGs in M31 and M33 are producing dusty CS ejecta. We also identify two new warm hypergiants in M31, J004621.05+421308.06 and J004051.59+403303.00, both of which are likely in a post-RSG state.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/790/48
- Title:
- Variable stars in M31 & M33. II. LBVs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/790/48
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- An increasing number of non-terminal eruptions are being found in the numerous surveys for optical transients. Very little is known about these giant eruptions, their progenitors and their evolutionary state. A greatly improved census of the likely progenitor class, including the most luminous evolved stars, the luminous blue variables (LBVs), and the warm and cool hypergiants is now needed for a complete picture of the final pre-supernova stages of very massive stars. We have begun a survey of the evolved and unstable luminous star populations in several nearby resolved galaxies. In this second paper on M31 and M33, we review the spectral characteristics, spectral energy distributions, circumstellar ejecta, and evidence for mass loss for 82 luminous and variable stars. We show that many of these stars have warm circumstellar dust including several of the Fe II emission line stars, but conclude that the confirmed LBVs in M31 and M33 do not. The confirmed LBVs have relatively low wind speeds even in their hot, quiescent or visual minimum state compared to the B-type supergiants and Of/WN stars which they spectroscopically resemble. The nature of the Fe II emission line stars and their relation to the LBV state remains uncertain, but some have properties in common with the warm hypergiants and the sgB[e] stars. Several individual stars are discussed in detail. We identify three possible candidate LBVs and three additional post-red supergiant candidates. We suggest that M33-013406.63 (UIT301,B416) is not an LBV/S Dor variable, but is a very luminous late O-type supergiant and one of the most luminous stars or pair of stars in M33.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/707/89
- Title:
- Variation of mid-IR extinction
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/707/89
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Based on the data obtained from the Spitzer/Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIPMSE) Legacy Program and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) project, we derive the extinction in the four IRAC bands, [3.6], [4.5], [5.8], and [8.0]um, relative to the 2MASS Ks band (at 2.16um) for 131 GLIPMSE fields along the Galactic plane within |l|<=65{deg}, using red giants and red clump giants as tracers. As a whole, the mean extinction in the IRAC bands (normalized to the 2MASS Ks band), A_[3.6]_/A_Ks_~0.63+/-0.01, A_[4.5]_/A_Ks_~0.57+/-0.03, A_[5.8]/A_Ks_~0.49+/-0.03, A_[8.0]_/A_Ks_~0.55+/-0.03, exhibits little variation with wavelength (i.e., the extinction is somewhat flat or gray). As far as individual sightline is concerned, however, the wavelength dependence of the mid-infrared interstellar extinction A_{lambda}_/A_Ks_ varies from one sightline to another, suggesting that there may not exist a "universal" IR extinction law.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/127/980
- Title:
- vby and BVI photometry of Omega Cen giants
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/127/980
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have obtained photometric observations in a 182arcmin^2 area, 25' to the north of the center of the globular cluster {omega} Centauri. The Stroemgren vby and broadband BI filters were used to obtain measurements for some 2500 stars. Preliminary examinations of parts of the data have been presented previously (Hughes & Wallerstein, 2000, Cat. <J/AJ/119/1225>; Hughes, Wallerstein, & van Leeuwen, 2002, in ASP Conf. Ser. 265, 73). Here we present the complete data set, study the giant branches, and use the B-I color index as a tool for assessing the ages of the populations within {omega} Cen.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/131/332
- Title:
- Velocities of individual stars in NGC 205
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/131/332
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- NGC 205 is the nearest example of a dwarf elliptical galaxy and the prototype of this enigmatic galaxy class. Photometric evidence suggests that NGC 205, a close satellite of the M31 galaxy, is tidally interacting with its parent galaxy. We present stellar radial velocity measurements out to a projected radius of 20' (5kpc) in NGC 205 based on Keck DEIMOS multislit spectroscopic observations of 725 individual red giant branch stars. Our kinematic measurements extend from the center out to 6 times the effective radius of NGC 205, well past the expected tidal radius. The contamination in our kinematic sample from M31 field stars is estimated to be a few percent based on maximum likelihood fits to the distribution of stars in position-velocity space.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/526/A127
- Title:
- Velocities of M67 main-sequence and giant stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/526/A127
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Precise analyses of stellar radial velocities is able to reveal intrinsic causes of the wavelength shifts of spectral lines (other than Doppler shifts due to radial motion), such as gravitational redshifts and convective blueshifts. Aims. Gravitational redshifts in solar-type main-sequence stars are expected to be some 500m/s greater than those in giants. We search for this difference in redshifts among groups of open-cluster stars that share the same average space motion and thus have the same average Doppler shift.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/339/423
- Title:
- Velocities of red giants in NGC 752
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/339/423
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The results of an 18-year radial-velocity survey of 30 red giants in the field of the open cluster NGC 752 are presented. The membership of 15 stars is confirmed. Four spectroscopic binaries have been discovered among the members and three orbits have been determined for H75, 110 and 208, with periods of 3321, 127 and 5276 days respectively. The binary frequency (27%) is normal. A search for additional members in a wide surrounding area (2{deg}) yielded two possible new members: both are clump red giant candidates. The red giant distribution in the colour-magnitude diagram is somewhat unusual, with a clump containing 8 stars and a second, fainter feature extending to the blue, defined by 3 or 4 stars, which is not accounted for by theoretical isochrones.
