- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/495/4924
- Title:
- Exoplanets in Southern open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/495/4924
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The scope of the project 'A PSF-based Approach to TESS High Quality data Of Stellar clusters' (PATHOS) is the extraction and analysis of high-precision light curves of stars in stellar clusters and young associations for the identification of candidate exoplanets and variable stars. The cutting-edge tools used in this project allow us to measure the real flux of stars in dense fields, minimizing the effects due to contamination by neighbour sources. We extracted about 200000 light curves of stars in 645 open clusters located in the Southern ecliptic hemisphere and observed by TESS during the first year of its mission. We searched for transiting signals and we found 33 objects of interest, 11 of which are strong candidate exoplanets. Because of the limited SNR, we did not find any Earth or super-Earth. We identified two Neptune-size planets orbiting stars with R*<1.5R_{sun}_, implying a frequency f*=1.3+/-0.95 per cent consistent with the frequency around field stars. The seven Jupiter candidates around stars with R*<1.5R_{sun}_ imply a frequency f*=0.19+/-0.07 per cent, which is smaller than in the field. more complete estimate of the survey completeness and false positive rate is needed to confirm these results. Light curves used in this work will be made available to the astronomical community on the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescope under the project PATHOS.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/490/3806
- Title:
- Exoplanets & variable stars in 47 Tuc field
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/490/3806
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The TESS mission will survey ~85 per cent of the sky, giving us the opportunity of extracting high-precision light curves of millions of stars, including stellar cluster members. In this work, we present our project 'A PSF-based Approach to TESS High quality data Of Stellar clusters' (PATHOS), aimed at searching and characterize candidate exoplanets and variable stars in stellar clusters using our innovative method for the extraction of high-precision light curves of stars located in crowded environments. Our technique of light-curve extraction involves the use of empirical point spread functions (PSFs), an input catalogue and neighbour-subtraction. The PSF-based approach allows us to minimize the dilution effects in crowded environments and to extract high-precision photometry for stars in the faint regime (G>13). For this pilot project, we extracted, corrected, and analysed the light curves of 16641 stars located in a dense region centred on the globular cluster 47 Tuc. We were able to reach the TESS magnitude T~16.5 with a photometric precision of ~1 per cent on the 6.5-h time-scale; in the bright regime we were able to detect transits with depth of ~34 parts per million. We searched for variables and candidate transiting exoplanets. Our pipeline detected one planetary candidate orbiting a main-sequence star in the Galactic field. We analysed the period-luminosity distribution for red-giant stars of 47 Tuc and the eclipsing binaries in the field. Light curves are uploaded on the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes under the project PATHOS.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/547/A65
- Title:
- Extended stellar objects in galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/547/A65
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the last decade, very extended old stellar clusters with masses in the range from a few 10^4^ to 10^8^M_{sun}_ and effective radii larger than 10pc have been found in various types of galaxies in different environments. Objects with masses comparable to normal globular clusters (GCs) are called extended clusters (ECs), while objects with masses in the dwarf galaxy regime are called ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs). The paper analyses the observational parameters total luminosity, M_V_, effective radius, r_eff_, and projected distance to the host galaxy, R_proj_, of all known ECs and UCDs and the dependence of these parameters on the type and the total luminosity of their host galaxy. We searched the available literature to compile a catalog of star clusters with effective radii larger than 10pc. As there is no clear distinction between ECs and UCDs, both types of objects will be called extended stellar objects - abbreviated "EOs" - in this paper. In total, we found 813 EOs of which 171 are associated with late-type galaxies and 642 EOs associated with early-type galaxies. EOs cover a luminosity range from about M_V_=-4 to -14mag. However, the vast majority of EOs brighter than M_V_=-10mag are associated with giant elliptical galaxies. At each magnitude extended objects are found with effective radii between 10pc and an upper size limit, which shows a clear trend: the more luminous the object the larger is the upper size limit. For EOs associated with early-and late-type galaxies, the EO luminosity functions peak at -6.40mag and -6.47mag, respectively, which is about one magnitude fainter than the peak of the GC luminosity function. EOs and GCs form a coherent structure in the r_eff_ vs. M_V_ parameter space, while there is a clear gap between EOs and early type dwarf galaxies. However, there is a small potential overlap at the high-mass end, where the most extended EOs are close to the parameters of some compact elliptical galaxies. We compare the EO sample with the numerical models of a previous paper and conclude that the parameters of the EO sample as a whole can be very well explained by a star cluster origin, where EOs are the results of merged star clusters of cluster complexes (CCs).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/102/29
- Title:
- Extragalactic globular clusters
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/102/29
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This is a collection of line indices in the Lick system (and others) for a collection of Galactic, M31, M33 and other globular clusters plus bright and dwarf galaxies observed primarily at the MMT over the period 1980-1992 by J. Huchra, J. Brodie, N. Caldwell, R. Schommer, C. Christian and G. Bothun. The paper describing this catalog of indices is published in Huchra, Harris & Schommer (1996, in prep). Table 1 lists the definition of the indices used, Table 2 lists the line indices and errors, Table 3 lists multiple measurements for individual objects (plus dispersions and means) to give the reader a sense of the precision and accuracy of individual measures, and Table 4 lists index measurements from higher dispersion spectra. Each of the index tables generally has two lines, the first are the index values and the second are the statistical (calculated from photon counts) errors. An estimate of the external error in each index can be gotten from the multiple measurements given in Table 3. "AV" in Table 2 indicates that the measurement given is the average of multiple individual spectra give in Table 3. Otherwise the "RFN" number refers to the serial number of the MMT spectrum.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/589/A1
- Title:
- Extreme Horizontal Branch stars in {omega} Cen
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/589/A1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of an extensive survey for rapid pulsators among Extreme Horizontal Branch (EHB) stars in {omega} Cen. The observations performed consist of nearly 100 hours of time-series photometry for several off-centre fields of the cluster, as well as low-resolution spectroscopy for a partially overlapping sample. We obtained photometry for some 300 EHB stars, for aro und half of which we are able to recover light curves of sufficient quality to either detect or place meaningful non-detection limits for rapid pulsations. Based on the spectroscopy, we derive reliable values of logg, Teff and logN(He)/N(H) for 38 targets, as well as good estimates of the effective temperature for another nine targets, whose spectra are slightly polluted by a close neighbour in the image. The survey uncovered a total of five rapid variables with multi-periodic oscillations between 85 and 125s. Spectroscopically, they form a homogeneous group of hydrogen-rich subdwarf O stars clustered between 48000 and 54000K. For each of the variables we are able to measure between two and three significant pulsations believed to constitute independent harmonic oscillations. However, the interpretation of the Fourier spectra is not straightforward due to significant fine structure attributed to strong amplitude variations. In addition to the rapid variables, we found an EHB star with an apparently periodic luminosity variation of ~2700s, which we tentatively suggest may be caused by ellipsoidal variations in a close binary.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/434/1681
- Title:
- Extremely metal-poor stars CaII triplet
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/434/1681
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We extend our previous calibration of the infrared CaII triplet (CaT) as a metallicity indicator to the metal-poor regime by including observations of 55 field stars with [Fe/H] down to -4.0dex. While we previously solved the saturation at high metallicity using a combination of a Lorentzian and a Gaussian to reproduce the line profiles, in this paper we address the non-linearity at low metallicity following the suggestion of Starkenburg et al. of adding two non-linear terms to the relation among the [Fe/H], luminosity and strength of the calcium triplet lines. Our calibration thus extends from -4.0 to +0.5 in metallicity and is presented using four different luminosity indicators: V-V_HB_, M_V_, M_I_ and M_K_. The calibration obtained in this paper results in a tight correlation between [Fe/H] abundances measured from high-resolution spectra and [Fe/H] values derived from the CaT, over the whole metallicity range covered.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/107/2067
- Title:
- Fabry-Perot measurements of M15
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/107/2067
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the first use of the Rutgers Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrophotometer to study the dynamics of the cores of globular clusters. We have obtained velocities for cluster stars by tuning the Fabry-Perot to take a series of narrowband (0.8A FWHM at 5890A) images at different wavelengths across one of the Na D (5890A) absorption lines. Measuring the flux in every frame yields a short portion of the spectrum for each star simultaneously. This proves to be a very efficient method for obtaining accurate stellar velocities; in crowded regions we are able to measure hundreds of velocities in 3-4h of observing time. We have measured velocities with uncertainties of less than 5km/s for 216 stars within 1.5' of the center of the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078). The velocity dispersion profile shows a sharp rise from 7 to 12km/s at 0.6' (1.8parsec), and then appears to flatten into our innermost point at 0.1'. A rotation amplitude of 1.4+/-0.8km/s is detected. The rotation has been measured at a radius of 0.6' using stellar velocities and at 0.2' using the integrated light profile. The amplitude and position angle are the same at both radii, indicating a constant rotation profile in this region. Combining our two epochs of Fabry-Perot observation with published measurements, we have repeat velocity measurements for 67 stars. We calculate a binary fraction of about 7% for binary periods between 0.2 and 20 years and mass ratios larger than 0.22, which is in agreement with measurements for other globular clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/113/1026
- Title:
- Fabry-Perot Observations of M15
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/113/1026
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used an Imaging Fabry-Perot Spectrophotometer with the Sub-arcsecond Imaging Spectrograph on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope to measure velocities for 1534 stars in the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078) with uncertainties between 0.5 and 10km/s. Combined with previous velocity samples, the total number of stars with measured velocities in M15 is 1597. An average seeing of 0.8" allowed us to obtain velocities for 144 stars within 10" of the center of M15, including 12 stars within 2". The velocity dispersion profile for M15 remains flat at a value of 11km/s from a radius of 0.4 into our innermost reliable point at 0.02 (0.06pc). Assuming an isotropic velocity dispersion tensor, this profile and the previously-published surface brightness profile can be equally well represented either by a stellar population whose M/L varies with radius from 1.7 in solar units at large radii to 3 in the central region, or by a population with a constant M/L of 1.7 and a central black hole of 1000M_{sun}_. A non-parametric mass model that assumes no black hole, no rotation, and isotropy constrains the mass density of M15 to better than 30% at a radius of 0.07 parsecs. The mass-density profile of this model is well represented by a power law with an exponent of -2.2, the value predicted by models of cluster core-collapse. Using the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, we estimate the present-day mass function and infer a significant number of 0.6-0.7 M_{sun}_ objects in the central few parsecs, 85% of which may be in the form of stellar remnants. Not only do we detect rotation; we find that the position angle of the projected rotation axis in the central 10" is 100deg different from that of the whole sample. We also detect an increase in the amplitude of the rotation at small radii. Although this increase needs to be confirmed with better-seeing data, it may be the result of a central mass concentration. (Copyright) 1997 American Astronomical Society.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/651/1098
- Title:
- Faint X-ray sources in Terzan 5
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/651/1098
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report our analysis of a Chandra X-ray observation of the rich globular cluster Terzan 5, in which we detect 50 sources to a limiting 1.0-6keV X-ray luminosity of 3x10^31^ergs/s within the half-mass radius of the cluster. Thirty-three of these have LX>10^32^ergs/s, the largest number yet seen in any globular cluster. In addition to the quiescent low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB; identified by Wijnands et al., 2005ApJ...618..883W), another 12 relatively soft sources may be quiescent LMXBs. We compare the X-ray colors of the harder sources in Terzan 5 to the Galactic center sources studied by Muno and collaborators (2003, Cat. <J/ApJ/589/225>) and find the Galactic center sources to have harder X-ray colors, indicating a possible difference in the populations. We cannot clearly identify a metallicity dependence in the production of low-luminosity X-ray binaries in Galactic globular clusters, but a metallicity dependence of the form suggested by Jordan et al. (2004, Cat. <J/ApJ/613/270>) for extragalactic LMXBs is consistent with our data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/710/332
- Title:
- Far-UV sources in M80
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/710/332
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on Hubble Space Telescope, we have surveyed the far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) populations in the core region of M80. The color-magnitude diagram (CMD) reveals large numbers of blue and extreme horizontal branch stars and blue stragglers, as well as ~60 objects lying in the region of the CMD where accreting and detached white dwarf binaries are expected. Overall, the blue straggler stars are the most centrally concentrated population, with their radial distribution suggesting a typical blue straggler mass of about 1.2M_{sun}_. However, counterintuitively, the faint blue stragglers are significantly more centrally concentrated than the bright ones and a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test suggest only a 3.5% probability that both faint and bright blue stragglers are drawn from the same distribution. This may suggest that (some) blue stragglers get a kick during their formation. We have also been able to identify the majority of the known X-ray sources in the core with FUV bright stars. One of these FUV sources is a likely dwarf nova that was in eruption at the time of the FUV observations. This object is located at a position consistent with Nova 1860 AD, or T Scorpii. Based on its position, X-ray and UV characteristics, this system is almost certainly the source of the nova explosion. The radial distribution of the X-ray sources and of the cataclysmic variable candidates in our sample suggest masses >1M_{sun}_.
