- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/681/1524
- Title:
- Detailed abundances for 28 metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/681/1524
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of an abundance analysis for a sample of stars with -4<[Fe/H]<-2. The data were obtained with the HIRES spectrograph at Keck Observatory. The set includes 28 stars, with effective temperature ranging from 4800 to 6600K. For 13 stars with [Fe/H]<-2.6, including nine with [Fe/H]<-3.0 and one with [Fe/H]=-4.0, these are the first reported detailed abundances. For the most metal-poor star in our sample, CS 30336-049, we measure an abundance pattern that is very similar to stars in the range [Fe/H]~-3.5, including a normal C+N, abundance. We also find that it has very low but measurable Sr and Ba, indicating some neutron-capture activity even at this low of a metallicity. We explore this issue further by examining other very neutron capture-deficient stars and find that, at the lowest levels, [Ba/Sr] exhibits the ratio of the main r-process. We also report on a new r-process-enhanced star, CS 31078-018. This star has [Fe/H]=-2.85, [Eu/Fe]=1.23, and [Ba/Eu]=-0.51. CS 31078-018 exhibits an "actinide boost," i.e., much higher [Th/Eu] than expected and at a similar level to CS 31082-001. Our spectra allow us to further constrain the abundance scatter at low metallicities, which we then use to fit to the zero-metallicity Type II supernova yields of Heger & Woosley (2008arXiv0803.3161H). We find that supernovae with progenitor masses between 10 and 20M_{sun}_ provide the best matches to our abundances.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/753/64
- Title:
- Detailed abundances for 97 metal-poor stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/753/64
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- we present the abundance analysis of 97 nearby metal-poor (-3.3<[Fe/H]<-0.5) stars having kinematic characteristics of the Milky Way (MW) thick disk and inner and outer stellar halos. The high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise optical spectra for the sample stars have been obtained with the High Dispersion Spectrograph mounted on the Subaru Telescope. Abundances of Fe, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti have been derived using a one-dimensional LTE abundance analysis code with Kurucz NEWODF model atmospheres. By assigning membership of the sample stars to the thick disk, inner halo, or outer halo components based on their orbital parameters, we examine abundance ratios as a function of [Fe/H] and kinematics for the three subsamples in wide metallicity and orbital parameter ranges. We show that, in the metallicity range of -1.5<[Fe/H]<=-0.5, the thick disk stars show constantly high mean [Mg/Fe] and [Si/Fe] ratios with small scatter. In contrast, the inner and the outer halo stars show lower mean values of these abundance ratios with larger scatter. The [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], and [Ca/Fe] for the inner and the outer halo stars also show weak decreasing trends with [Fe/H] in the range [Fe/H]>-2. These results favor the scenarios that the MW thick disk formed through rapid chemical enrichment primarily through Type II supernovae of massive stars, while the stellar halo has formed at least in part via accretion of progenitor stellar systems having been chemically enriched with different timescales.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/771/67
- Title:
- Detailed abundances for 97 metal-poor stars. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/771/67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present chemical abundance analyses of sodium, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements for 97 kinematically selected thick disk, inner halo, and outer halo stars with metallicities -3.3<[Fe/H]<-0.5. The main aim of this study is to examine chemical similarities and differences among metal-poor stars belonging to these old Galactic components as a clue to determine their early chemodynamical evolution. In our previous paper, we obtained abundances of {alpha} elements by performing a one-dimensional LTE abundance analysis based on the high-resolution (R~50000) spectra obtained with the Subaru/HDS. In this paper, a similar analysis is performed to determine abundances of an additional 17 elements. We show that, in metallicities below [Fe/H]~-2, the abundance ratios of many elements in the thick disk, inner halo, and outer halo subsamples are largely similar. In contrast, in higher metallicities ([Fe/H]>~-1.5), differences in some of the abundance ratios among the three subsamples are identified. Specifically, the [Na/Fe], [Ni/Fe], [Cu/Fe], and [Zn/Fe] ratios in the inner and outer halo subsamples are found to be lower than those in the thick disk subsample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/711/573
- Title:
- Detailed abundances in a halo stellar stream
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/711/573
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a detailed abundance analysis of one of the confirmed building blocks of the Milky Way stellar halo, a kinematically coherent metal-poor stellar stream. We have obtained high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra of 12 probable stream members using the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph on the Magellan-Clay Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and the 2dCoude spectrograph on the Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We have derived abundances or upper limits for 51 species of 46 elements in each of these stars. The stream members show a range of metallicity (-3.4<[Fe/H]<-1.5) but are otherwise chemically homogeneous, with the same star-to-star dispersion in [X/Fe] as the rest of the halo. This implies that, in principle, a significant fraction of the Milky Way stellar halo could have formed from accreted systems like the stream. The stream stars show minimal evolution in the {alpha} or Fe-group elements over the range of metallicity. This stream is enriched with material produced by the main and weak components of the rapid neutron-capture process and shows no evidence for enrichment by the slow neutron-capture process.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/815/5
- Title:
- Detailed abundances of KOI stars with planets. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/815/5
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present newly derived stellar parameters and the detailed abundances of 19 elements of seven stars with small planets discovered by NASA's Kepler Mission. Each star, save one, has at least one planet with a radius <=1.6R_{Earth}_, suggesting a primarily rocky composition. The stellar parameters and abundances are derived from high signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution echelle spectroscopy obtained with the 10m Keck I telescope and High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer using standard spectroscopic techniques. The metallicities of the seven stars range from -0.32 to +0.13dex, with an average metallicity that is subsolar, supporting previous suggestions that, unlike Jupiter-type giant planets, small planets do not form preferentially around metal-rich stars. The abundances of elements other than iron are in line with a population of Galactic disk stars, and despite our modest sample size, we find hints that the compositions of stars with small planets are similar to stars without known planets and with Neptune-size planets, but not to those of stars with giant planets. This suggests that the formation of small planets does not require exceptional host-star compositions and that small planets may be ubiquitous in the Galaxy. We compare our derived abundances (which have typical uncertainties of <~0.04dex) to the condensation temperature of the elements; a correlation between the two has been suggested as a possible signature of rocky planet formation. None of the stars demonstrate the putative rocky planet signature, despite at least three of the stars having rocky planets estimated to contain enough refractory material to produce the signature, if real. More detailed abundance analyses of stars known to host small planets are needed to verify our results and place ever more stringent constraints on planet formation models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/449/3889
- Title:
- Detailed abundances of 15 stars in NGC 4833
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/449/3889
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have observed 15 red giant stars in the relatively massive, metal-poor globular cluster NGC 4833 using the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrograph at Magellan. We calculate stellar parameters for each star and perform a standard abundance analysis to derive abundances of 43 species of 39 elements, including 20 elements heavier than the iron group. We derive <[Fe/H]>=-2.25+/-0.02 from FeI lines and <[Fe/H]>=-2.19+/-0.013 from FeII lines. We confirm earlier results that found no internal metallicity spread in NGC 4833, and there are no significant star-to-star abundance dispersions among any elements in the iron group (19=<Z=<30). We recover the usual abundance variations among the light elements C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, and possibly Si. The heavy-element distribution reflects enrichment by r-process nucleosynthesis ([Eu/Fe]=+0.36+/-0.03), as found in many other metal-poor globular clusters. We investigate small star-to-star variations found among the neutron-capture elements, and we conclude that these are probably not real variations. Upper limits on the Th abundance, log{epsilon} (Th/Eu)<-0.47+/-0.09, indicate that NGC 4833, like other globular clusters where Th has been studied, did not experience a so-called actinide boost.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/225/27
- Title:
- 3D-HST Survey: grism spectra master catalog
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/225/27
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present reduced data and data products from the 3D-HST survey, a 248-orbit HST Treasury program. The survey obtained WFC3 G141 grism spectroscopy in four of the five CANDELS fields: AEGIS, COSMOS, GOODS-S, and UDS, along with WFC3 H_140_ imaging, parallel ACS G800L spectroscopy, and parallel I_814_ imaging. In a previous paper, we presented photometric catalogs in these four fields and in GOODS-N, the fifth CANDELS field. Here we describe and present the WFC3 G141 spectroscopic data, again augmented with data from GO-1600 in GOODS-N (PI: B. Weiner). We developed software to automatically and optimally extract interlaced two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) spectra for all objects in the Skelton+ (2014, J/ApJS/214/24) photometric catalogs. The 2D spectra and the multi-band photometry were fit simultaneously to determine redshifts and emission line strengths, taking the morphology of the galaxies explicitly into account. The resulting catalog has redshifts and line strengths (where available) for 22548 unique objects down to JH_IR_<=24 (79609 unique objects down to JH_IR<=26). Of these, 5459 galaxies are at z>1.5 and 9621 are at 0.7<z<1.5, where H{alpha} falls in the G141 wavelength coverage. The typical redshift error for JH_IR_<=24 galaxies is {sigma}_z_~0.003x(1+z), i.e., one native WFC3 pixel. The 3{sigma} limit for emission line fluxes of point sources is 2.1x10^-17^erg/s/cm^2^.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/550/A108
- Title:
- DIB in VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/550/A108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Tarantula Nebula (a.k.a. 30 Dor) is a spectacular star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), seen through gas in the Galactic disc and halo. Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) offer a unique probe of the diffuse, cool-warm gas in these regions. The aim is to use DIBs as diagnostics of the local interstellar conditions, whilst at the same time deriving properties of the yet-unknown carriers of these enigmatic spectral features. Spectra of over 800 early-type stars from the Very Large Telescope Flames Tarantula Survey (VFTS) were analysed. Maps were created, separately, for the Galactic and LMC absorption in the DIBs at 4428 and 6614{AA} and - in a smaller region near the central cluster R 136 - neutral sodium (the NaI D doublet); we also measured the DIBs at 5780 and 5797{AA}.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/461/839
- Title:
- DIB 661.3nm in Cepheid spectra
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/461/839
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have investigated the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) at 661.3nm seen in the spectra of Cepheid stars. After removal of the blending lines of ionized yttrium and neutral iron, we determined the equivalent widths (EWs) of the DIB and used these values to investigate the E(B-V)-DIB EW relation. The relation found from Cepheids matches that found in B stars. This relation can help to find the reddening for newly discovered Cepheids without extensive photometric data, and thus determine their distances. The relation between E(B - V) and the DIB EW does not yield precise reddening values. It is not a substitute for better photometric or spectroscopic methods. At best, it is indicative, but it provides some information that may not be otherwise available. Defining R*=E(B-V)/DIB EW, which we consider to be the analogue of R=E(B-V)/A_V_, we investigated the Galactic longitudinal dependence of R* assuming that the DIB EW value is representative of the interstellar absorption A$_v$. We found that there is an apparent increase of the R* value that corresponds to the abnormal absorption seen towards Cygnus constellation. Finally, we constructed a 2D map of the DIB EW distribution in the Galactic disc basing on our rather limited sample of 253 spectra of 176 Cepheids.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/550/A62
- Title:
- DIBs from Baade's window bulge clump giants
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/550/A62
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Interstellar (IS) absorption lines or diffuse bands are usually extracted from early-type star spectra because they are characterized by smooth continua. However, this introduces a strong limitation on the number of available targets, and reduces potential studies of the IS matter and the use of absorptions for cloud mapping. We have developed a new and automated fitting method appropriate to interstellar (IS) absorptions in the spectra of cool stars that possess stellar atmospheric parameters. We applied this method to the extraction of three diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in high resolution VLT FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra of red-clump stars from the bulge. By combining all stellar synthetic spectra, HITRAN-LBLRTM atmospheric transmission spectra and diffuse band empirical absorption profiles, we determined the 6196.0, 6204.5, and 6283.8{AA} DIB strength toward the 219 target stars and discuss the sources of uncertainties. To test the sensitivity of the DIB extraction, we compared all three results and compared the DIB equivalent widths (EWs) with the reddening derived from an independent extinction map based on OGLE photometric data. We also derived the three independent color excess estimates based on the DIB strengths and average linear correlation coefficients previously established in the solar neighborhood and compared with the OGLE photometric results.
