- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/39
- Title:
- Hot Jupiter exoplanets host stars EW and abundances
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/788/39
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The relative abundances of carbon and oxygen have long been recognized as fundamental diagnostics of stellar chemical evolution. Now, the growing number of exoplanet observations enable estimation of these elements in exoplanetary atmospheres. In hot Jupiters, the C/O ratio affects the partitioning of carbon in the major observable molecules, making these elements diagnostic of temperature structure and composition. Here we present measurements of carbon and oxygen abundances in 16 stars that host transiting hot Jupiter exoplanets, and we compare our C/O ratios to those measured in larger samples of host stars, as well as those estimated for the corresponding exoplanet atmospheres. With standard stellar abundance analysis we derive stellar parameters as well as [C/H] and [O/H] from multiple abundance indicators, including synthesis fitting of the [O I] {lambda}6300 line and non-LTE corrections for the O I triplet. Our results, in agreement with recent suggestions, indicate that previously measured exoplanet host star C/O ratios may have been overestimated. The mean transiting exoplanet host star C/O ratio from this sample is 0.54 (C/O_{sun}_=0.54), versus previously measured C/O_host star_ means of ~0.65-0.75. We also observe the increase in C/O with [Fe/H] expected for all stars based on Galactic chemical evolution; a linear fit to our results falls slightly below that of other exoplanet host star studies but has a similar slope. Though the C/O ratios of even the most-observed exoplanets are still uncertain, the more precise abundance analysis possible right now for their host stars can help constrain these planets' formation environments and current compositions.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/622/A81
- Title:
- 15 hot Jupiter exoplanets light curves
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/622/A81
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Transit events of extrasolar planets offer a wealth of information for planetary characterization. However, for many known targets, the uncertainty of their predicted transit windows prohibits an accurate scheduling of follow-up observations. In this work, we refine the ephemerides of 21 hot Jupiter exoplanets with the largest timing uncertainties. We collected 120 professional and amateur transit light curves of the targets of interest, observed with a range of telescopes of 0.3m-2.2m, and analyzed them along with the timing information of the planets discovery papers. In the case of WASP-117b, we measured a timing deviation compared to the known ephemeris of about 3.5h, and for HAT-P-29b and HAT-P-31b the deviation amounted to about 2h and more. For all targets, the new ephemeris predicts transit timings with uncertainties of less than 6-min in the year 2018 and less than 13-min until 2025. Thus, our results allow for an accurate scheduling of follow-up observations in the next decade.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A180
- Title:
- hot massive Jupiter NGTS-13b photometry
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A180
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of the massive hot Jupiter NGTS-13b by the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). The V=12.7 host star is likely in the subgiant evolutionary phase with logg_*_=4.04+/-0.05, Teff=5819+/-73K, M_*_=1.30^+0.11^_-0.18_M_{sun}_, and R_*_=1.79+/-0.06R_{sun}_. NGTS detected a transiting planet with a period of P=4.12 days around the star, which was later validated with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS; TIC 454069765). We confirm the planet using radial velocities from the CORALIE spectrograph. Using NGTS and TESS full-frame image photometry combined with CORALIE radial velocities we determine NGTS-13b to have a radius of R_P_=1.142+/-0.046R_Jup_, mass of M_P_=4.84+/-0.44M_Jup_ and eccentricity e=0.086+/-0.034. Some previous studies suggest that ~4M_Jup_ may be a border between two separate formation scenarios (e.g., core accretion and disk instability) and that massive giant planets share similar formation mechanisms as lower-mass brown dwarfs. NGTS-13b is just above 4M_Jup_ making it an important addition to the statistical sample needed to understand the differences between various classes of substellar companions. The high metallicity, [Fe/H]=0.25+/-0.17, of NGTS-13 does not support previous suggestions that massive giants are found preferentially around lower metallicity host stars, but NGTS-13b does support findings that more massive and evolved hosts may have a higher occurrence of close-in massive planets than lower-mass unevolved stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/576/A44
- Title:
- Hot subdwarf binaries from MUCHFUSS
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/576/A44
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The project Massive Unseen Companions to Hot Faint Underluminous Stars from SDSS (MUCHFUSS) aims at finding hot subdwarf stars with massive compact companions like massive white dwarfs (M>1.0M_{sun}_), neutron stars, or stellar-mass black holes. The existence of such systems is predicted by binary evolution theory, and recent discoveries indicate that they exist in our Galaxy. We present orbital and atmospheric parameters and put constraints on the nature of the companions of 12 close hot subdwarf B star (sdB) binaries found in the course of the MUCHFUSS project. The systems show periods between 0.14 and 7.4days. In nine cases the nature of the companions cannot be constrained unambiguously whereas three systems most likely have white dwarf companions. We find that the companion to SDSSJ083006.17+475150.3 is likely to be a rare example of a low-mass helium-core white dwarf. SDSSJ095101.28+034757.0 shows an excess in the infrared that probably originates from a third companion in a wide orbit, which makes this system the second candidate hierarchical triple system containing an sdB star. SDSSJ113241.58-063652.8 is the first helium deficient sdO star with a confirmed close companion. This study brings to 142 the number of sdB binaries with orbital periods of less than 30 days and with measured mass functions. We present an analysis of the minimum companion mass distribution and show that it is bimodal. One peak around 0.1M_{sun}_ corresponds to the low-mass main sequence (dM) and substellar companions. The other peak around 0.4M_{sun}_ corresponds to the white dwarf companions. The derived masses for the white dwarf companions are significantly lower than the average mass for single carbon-oxygen white dwarfs. In a T_eff_-logg diagram of sdB+dM companions, we find signs that the sdB components are more massive than the rest of the sample. The full sample was compared to the known population of extremely low-mass white dwarf binaries as well as short-period white dwarfs with main sequence companions. Both samples show a significantly different companion mass distribution indicating either different selection effects or different evolutionary paths. We identified 16 systems where the dM companion will fill its Roche Lobe within a Hubble time and will evolve into a cataclysmic variable; two of them will have a brown dwarf as donor star. Twelve systems with confirmed white dwarf companions will merge within a Hubble time, two of them having a mass ratio to evolve into a stable AMCVn-type binary and another two which are potential supernova Ia progenitor systems. The remaining eight systems will most likely merge and form RCrB stars or massive C/O white dwarfs depending on the structure of the white dwarf companion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A180
- Title:
- Hot subdwarf stars binarity
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/642/A180
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Hot subdwarfs are core-helium burning stars that show lower masses and higher temperatures than canonical horizontal branch stars. They are believed to be formed when a red giant suffers an extreme mass-loss episode. Binary interaction is suggested to be the main formation channel, but the high fraction of apparently single hot subdwarfs (up to 30%) has prompted single star formation scenarios to be proposed. We investigate the possibility that hot subdwarfs could form without interaction by studying wide binary systems. If single formation scenarios were possible, there should be hot subdwarfs in wide binaries that have undergone no interaction. Angular momentum accretion during interaction is predicted to cause the hot subdwarf companion to spin up to the critical velocity. The effect of this should still be observable given the timescales of the hot subdwarf phase. To study the rotation rates of companions, we have analysed light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite for all known hot subdwarfs showing composite spectral energy distributions indicating the presence of a main sequence wide binary companion. If formation without interaction were possible, that would also imply the existence of hot subdwarfs in very wide binaries that are not predicted to interact. To identify such systems, we have searched for common proper motion companions with projected orbital distances of up to 0.1pc to all known spectroscopically confirmed hot subdwarfs using Gaia DR2 astrometry. We find that the companions in composite hot subdwarfs show short rotation periods when compared to field main sequence stars. They display a triangular-shaped distribution with a peak around 2.5 days, similar to what is observed for young open clusters. We also report a shortage of hot subdwarfs with candidate common proper motion companions. We identify only 16 candidates after probing 2938 hot subdwarfs with good astrometry. Out of those, at least six seem to be hierarchical triple systems, in which the hot subdwarf is part of an inner binary. The observed distribution of rotation rates for the companions in known wide hot subdwarf binaries provides evidence of previous interaction causing spin-up. Additionally, there is a shortage of hot subdwarfs in common proper motion pairs, considering the frequency of such systems among progenitors. These results suggest that binary interaction is always required for the formation of hot subdwarfs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/63
- Title:
- How to constrain your M dwarf. II. Nearby binaries
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/871/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The mass-luminosity relation for late-type stars has long been a critical tool for estimating stellar masses. However, there is growing need for both a higher-precision relation and a better understanding of systematic effects (e.g., metallicity). Here we present an empirical relationship between M_Ks_ and M_*_ spanning 0.075M_{sun}_<M_*_<0.70M_{sun}_. The relation is derived from 62 nearby binaries, whose orbits we determine using a combination of near infra-red (Keck/NIRC2) imaging, archival adaptive optics data, and literature astrometry. From their orbital parameters, we determine the total mass of each system, with a precision better than 1% in the best cases. We use these total masses, in combination with resolved Ks magnitudes and system parallaxes, to calibrate the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation. The resulting posteriors can be used to determine masses of single stars with a precision of 2%-3%, which we confirm by testing the relation on stars with individual dynamical masses from the literature. The precision is limited by scatter around the best-fit relation beyond measured M_*_ uncertainties, perhaps driven by intrinsic variation in the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation or underestimated uncertainties in the input parallaxes. We find that the effect of [Fe/H] on the M_Ks_-M_*_ relation is likely negligible for metallicities in the solar neighborhood (0.0%{+/-}2.2% change in mass per dex change in [Fe/H]). This weak effect is consistent with predictions from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database, but inconsistent with those from modules for experiments in stellar astrophysics (MESA) Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) (at 5{sigma}). A sample of binaries with a wider range of abundances will be required to discern the importance of metallicity in extreme populations (e.g., in the Galactic halo or thick disk).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/587/A57
- Title:
- HR 8799e and HR 8799d spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/587/A57
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The planetary system discovered around the young A-type HR 8799 provides a unique laboratory to: a) test planet formation theories; b) probe the diversity of system architectures at these separations, and c) perform comparative (exo)planetology. We present and exploit new near-infrared images and integral-field spectra of the four gas giants surrounding HR 8799 obtained with SPHERE, the new planet finder instrument at the Very Large Telescope, during the commissioning and science verification phase of the instrument (July-December 2014). With these new data, we contribute to completing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of these bodies in the 1.0-2.5um range. We also provide new astrometric data, in particular for planet e, to further constrain the orbits. We used the infrared dual-band imager and spectrograph (IRDIS) subsystem to obtain pupil-stabilized, dual-band H2H3 (1.593um, 1.667um), K1K2 (2.110um, 2.251um), and broadband J (1.245um) images of the four planets. IRDIS was operated in parallel with the integral field spectrograph (IFS) of SPHERE to collect low-resolution (R~30), near-infrared (0.94-1.64um) spectra of the two innermost planets HR 8799 d and e. The data were reduced with dedicated algorithms, such as the Karhunen-Loeve image projection (KLIP), to reveal the planets. We used the so-called negative planets injection technique to extract their photometry, spectra, and measure their positions. We illustrate the astrometric performance of SPHERE through sample orbital fits compatible with SPHERE and literature data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/L11
- Title:
- HR8799e K-band spectrum
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/L11
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To date, infrared interferometry at best achieved contrast ratios of a few times 10^-4^ on bright targets. GRAVITY, with its dual-field mode, is now capable of high contrast observations, enabling the direct observation of exoplanets. We demonstrate the technique on HR 8799, a young planetary system composed of four known giant exoplanets. We used the GRAVITY fringe tracker to lock the fringes on the central star, and integrated off-axis on the HR 8799 e planet situated at 390mas from the star. Data reduction included post-processing to remove the flux leaking from the central star and to extract the coherent flux of the planet. The inferred K band spectrum of the planet has a spectral resolution of 500. We also derive the astrometric position of the planet relative to the star with a precision on the order of 100{mu}as. The GRAVITY astrometric measurement disfavors perfectly coplanar stable orbital solutions. A small adjustment of a few degrees to the orbital inclination of HR 8799 e can resolve the tension, implying that the orbits are close to, but not strictly coplanar. The spectrum, with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~5 per spectral channel, is compatible with a late-type L brown dwarf. Using Exo-REM synthetic spectra, we derive a temperature of 1150+/-50K and a surface gravity of 10^4.3+/-0.3^cm.s^2^. This corresponds to a radius of 1.17_-0.11_^+0.13^R_Jup_ and a mass of 10_-4_^+7^M_Jup_, which is an independent confirmation of mass estimates from evolutionary models. Our results demonstrate the power of interferometry for the direct detection and spectroscopic study of exoplanets at close angular separations from their stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/125/3302
- Title:
- HST binary very low mass stars and brown dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/125/3302
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present analysis of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of 82 nearby field late M and L dwarfs. We resolve 13 of these systems into double M/L dwarf systems and identify an additional possible binary.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/415/331
- Title:
- HST/STIS spectra of alpha Cen A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/415/331
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This table is part of a paper is which a study of the alpha Cen A spectrum recorded with the E140 grating by HST/STIS between 1140 and 1670{AA} is presented. In this spectrum the authors have identified a total of 662 emission features of which 77 are due to blends of two or more lines, 71 are due to unidentified transitions, and 514 are identified as due to single emission lines.
