- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/612/A26
- Title:
- Deep HI observations of Leo T with WSRT
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/612/A26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Leo T is the lowest mass gas-rich galaxy currently known and studies of its gas content help us understand how such marginal galaxies survive and form stars. We present deep neutral hydrogen (HI) observations from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in order to understand its HI distribution and potential for star formation. We find a larger HI line flux than the previously accepted value, resulting in a 50% larger HI mass of 4.1x10^5^M_{sun}_. The additional HI flux is from low surface brightness emission that was previously missed; with careful masking this emission can be recovered even in shallower data.We perform a Gaussian spectral decomposition to find a cool neutral medium component (CNM) with a mass of 3.7x10^4^M_{sun}_, or almost 10% of the total HI mass. Leo T has no HI emission extending from the main HI body, but there is evidence of interaction with the Milky Way circumgalactic medium in both a potential truncation of the HI body and the offset of the peak HI distribution from the optical center. The CNM component of Leo T is large when compared to other dwarf galaxies, even though Leo T is not currently forming stars and has a lower star formation efficiency than other gas-rich dwarf galaxies. However, the HI column density associated with the CNM component in Leo T is low. One possible explanation is the large CNM component is not related to star formation potential but rather a recent, transient phenomenon related to the interaction of Leo T with the Milky Way circumgalactic medium.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/743/64
- Title:
- Deep infrared photometry of {sigma} Ori cluster
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/743/64
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a deep I, Z photometric survey covering a total area of 1.12deg^2^ of the {sigma} Orionis cluster and reaching completeness magnitudes of I=22 and Z=21.5mag. From I, I-Z color-magnitude diagrams we have selected 153 candidates that fit the previously known sequence of the cluster. They have magnitudes in the range I=16-23mag, which corresponds to a mass interval from 0.1 down to 0.008M_{sun}_ at the most probable age of {sigma} Orionis (2-4Myr). Using J-band photometry, we find that 124 of the 151 candidates within the completeness of the optical survey (82%) follow the previously known infrared photometric sequence of the cluster and are probably members. We have studied the spatial distribution of the very low mass stars and brown dwarf population of the cluster and found that there are objects located at distances greater than 30 arcmin to the north and west of {sigma} Orionis that probably belong to different populations of the Orion's Belt. For the 102 bona fide {sigma} Orionis cluster member candidates, we find that the radial surface density can be represented by a decreasing exponential function ({sigma}={sigma}_0_e^-r/r_0_^) with a central density of {sigma}_0_=0.23+/-0.03 objects arcmin^-2^ and a characteristic radius of r_0_=9.5+/-0.7 arcmin. Using near-infrared JHK-band data from Two Micron All Sky Survey and UKIRT Deep Infrared Sky Survey and mid-infrared data from Infrared Array Camera/Spitzer, we find that about 5%-9% of the brown dwarf candidates in the {sigma} Orionis cluster have K-band excesses and 30%+/-7% of them show mid-infrared excesses at wavelengths longer than 5.8um. These are probably related to the presence of disks, most of which are "transition disks".
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/863/25
- Title:
- Deep Magellan/Megacam obs. of 4 MW satellites
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/863/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present deep Magellan/Megacam stellar photometry of four recently discovered faint Milky Way satellites: Sagittarius II (Sgr II), Reticulum II (Ret II), Phoenix II (Phe II), and Tucana III (Tuc III). Our photometry reaches ~2-3 magnitudes deeper than the discovery data, allowing us to revisit the properties of these new objects (e.g., distance, structural properties, luminosity measurements, and signs of tidal disturbance). The satellite color-magnitude diagrams show that they are all old (~13.5Gyr) and metal poor ([Fe/H]<~-2.2). Sgr II is particularly interesting, as it sits in an intermediate position between the loci of dwarf galaxies and globular clusters in the size-luminosity plane. The ensemble of its structural parameters is more consistent with a globular cluster classification, indicating that Sgr II is the most extended globular cluster in its luminosity range. The other three satellites land directly on the locus defined by Milky Way ultra-faint dwarf galaxies of similar luminosity. Ret II is the most elongated nearby dwarf galaxy currently known for its luminosity range. Our structural parameters for Phe II and Tuc III suggest that they are both dwarf galaxies. Tuc III is known to be associated with a stellar stream, which is clearly visible in our matched-filter stellar density map. The other satellites do not show any clear evidence of tidal stripping in the form of extensions or distortions. Finally, we also use archival HI data to place limits on the gas content of each object.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/138/703
- Title:
- Deep MIPS observations of IC 348 nebula
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/138/703
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe new, deep MIPS photometry and new high signal-to-noise optical spectroscopy of the 2.5Myr old IC 348 Nebula. To probe the properties of the IC 348 disk population, we combine these data with previous optical/infrared photometry and spectroscopy to identify stars with gas accretion, to examine their mid-IR colors, and to model their spectral energy distributions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/119/189
- Title:
- Deep Multicolor Survey. IV.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/119/189
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This stellar catalog contains 19,494 objects from the Deep Multicolor Survey (DMS) and results from follow-up spectroscopic observations of 234 objects in the catalog. The DMS is based on CCD imaging with the Mayall 4 m telescope in U, B, V, R', I75, and I86 and covers 0.83 deg^2 in six fields at high Galactic latitude. The survey reached 5 sigma limiting magnitudes of 22.1 in I86 to 23.8 in B. The catalog gives positions, magnitudes and error estimates, and classification codes in the six filter bands for all the objects. In addition, the survey is useful for the study of faint field galaxies and of faint stars at high Galactic latitude. Presented are tables that summarize the spectroscopic results for the 55 quasars, 44 compact narrow emission-line galaxies, and 135 stars in the DMS that we have confirmed to date. Also included are illustrations of all the spectra.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/462/3386
- Title:
- Deep NIR catalogue of HIZOA galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/462/3386
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a deep near-infrared (NIR; J, H, and K_s_ bands) photometric catalogue of sources from the Parkes HI Zone of Avoidance (HIZOA) survey, which forms the basis for an investigation of the matter distribution in the Zone of Avoidance. Observations were conducted between 2006 and 2013 using the Infrared Survey Facility (IRSF), a 1.4-m telescope situated at the South African Astronomical Observatory site in Sutherland. The images cover all 1108 HIZOA detections and yield 915 galaxies. An additional 105 bright 2MASS galaxies in the southern ZOA were imaged with the IRSF, resulting in 129 galaxies. The average K_s_-band seeing and sky background for the survey are 1.38-arcsec and 20.1mag, respectively. The detection rate as a function of stellar density and dust extinction is found to depend mainly on the HI mass of the HI detected galaxies, which in principal correlates with the NIR brightness of the spiral galaxies. The measured isophotal magnitudes are of sufficient accuracy (errors ~0.02mag) to be used in a Tully-Fisher analysis. In the final NIR catalogue, 285 galaxies have both IRSF and 2MASS photometry (180 HIZOA plus 105 bright 2MASX galaxies). The K_s_-band isophotal magnitudes presented in this paper agree, within the uncertainties, with those reported in the 2MASX catalogue. Another 30 galaxies, from the HIZOA northern extension, are also covered by UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey (GPS) images, which are one magnitude deeper than our IRSF images. A modified version of our photometry pipeline was used to derive the photometric parameters of these UKIDSS galaxies. Good agreement was found between the respective K_s_-band isophotal magnitudes. These comparisons confirm the robustness of the isophotal parameters and demonstrate that the IRSF images do not suffer from foreground contamination, after star removal, nor underestimate the isophotal fluxes of ZoA galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/719/550
- Title:
- Deep NIR imaging of {rho} Oph cloud core
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/719/550
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A search for young substellar objects in the {rho} Oph cloud core region has been made with the aid of multiband profile-fitting point-source photometry of the deep-integration Combined Calibration Scan images of the 2MASS extended mission in the J, H, and Ks bands, and Spitzer IRAC images at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um. The field of view of the combined observations was 1{deg}x9.3', and the 5{sigma} limiting magnitude at J was 20.5. Comparison of the observed spectral energy distributions with the predictions of the COND and DUSTY models, for an assumed age of 1Myr, supports the identification of many of the sources with brown dwarfs and enables the estimation of effective temperature, T_eff_. The cluster members are then readily distinguishable from background stars by their locations on a plot of flux density versus T_eff_. The range of estimated T_eff_ values extends down to ~750K which, based on the COND model, would suggest the presence of objects of sub-Jupiter mass. The results also suggest that the mass function for the {rho} Oph cloud resembles that of the {sigma} Orionis cluster based on a recent study, with both rising steadily toward lower masses. The other main result from our study is the apparent presence of a progressive blueward skew in the distribution of J-H and H-Ks colors, such that the blue end of the range becomes increasingly bluer with increasing magnitude. We suggest that this behavior might be understood in terms of the "ejected stellar embryo" hypothesis, whereby some of the lowest-mass brown dwarfs could escape to locations close to the front edge of the cloud, and thereby be seen with less extinction.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/443/41
- Title:
- Deep NIR photometry of HI galaxies in ZoA
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/443/41
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Current studies of the peculiar velocity flow field in the local Universe are limited by either the lack of detection or accurate photometry for galaxies at low Galactic latitudes. The contribution to the dynamics of the Local Group of the largely unknown mass distribution in this 'Zone of Avoidance' (ZoA) remains controversial. We present here the results of a pilot project to obtain deep near-infrared (NIR) observations of galaxies detected in the systematic Parkes deep HI survey of the ZoA (HIZOA) - 578 galaxies with recession velocities out to 6000km/s were observed with the 1.4m InfraRed Survey Facility SIRIUS (Simultaneous InfraRed Imager for Unbiased Surveys) camera providing J, H and Ks imaging 2mag deeper than 2MASS. After star subtraction, the resulting isophotal magnitudes and inclinations of ZoA galaxies are of sufficient accuracy (magnitude errors under 0.1mag even at high extinction) to ultimately be used to determine cosmic flow fields 'in' the ZoA via the NIR Tully-Fisher relation. We further used the observed NIR colours to assess the ratio of the true extinction to the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment/IRAS extinction deep into the dust layers of the Milky Way. The derived ratio was found to be 0.87 across the HIZOA survey region with no significant variation with Galactic latitude or longitude. This value is in excellent agreement with the completely independently derived factor of 0.86 by Schlafly & Finkbeiner (2010ApJ...725.1175S) based on Sloan data far away from the Milky Way.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/465/1807
- Title:
- Deep OB star population in Carina
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/465/1807
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Massive OB stars are critical to the ecology of galaxies, and yet our knowledge of OB stars in the Milky Way, fainter than V~12, remains patchy. Data from the VST Photometric H-alpha Survey (VPHAS+) permit the construction of the first deep catalogues of blue excess-selected OB stars, without neglecting the stellar field. A total of 14900 candidates with 2MASS cross-matches are blue-selected from a 42 square-degree region in the Galactic longitude range 282{deg}<l<293{deg} Spectral energy distribution fitting is performed on these candidates' combined VPHAS+ u/g/r/i and 2MASS J/H/K magnitudes. This delivers: effective temperature constraints, statistically separating O from early-B stars; high-quality extinction parameters, A_0_ and R_V_ (random errors typically <0.1). The high confidence O-B2 candidates number 5915 and a further 5170 fit to later B spectral type. Spectroscopy of 276 of the former confirms 97% of them. The fraction of emission line stars among all candidate B stars is 7-8%. Greyer (R_V_>3.5) extinction laws are ubiquitous in the region, over the distance range 2.5-3kpc to ~10kpc. Near prominent massive clusters, R_V_ tends to rise, with particularly large and chaotic excursions to R_V_~5 seen in the Carina Nebula. The data reveal a hitherto unnoticed association of 108 O-B2 stars around the O5If+ star LSS 2063 (l=289.77{deg}, b=-1.22{deg}). Treating the OB star scale-height as a constant within the thin disk, we find an orderly mean relation between extinction (A_0_) and distance in the Galactic longitude range, 287.6{deg}<l< 293.5{deg}, and infer the subtle onset of thin-disk warping. A halo around NGC 3603, roughly a degree in diameter, of ~500 O-B2 stars with 4<A_0_(mag)<7 is noted.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/891/81
- Title:
- Deep optical and infrared photometry of Sh2-305
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/891/81
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:38:10
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using our deep optical and near-infrared photometry along with multiwavelength archival data, we here present a detailed study of the Galactic HII region Sh 2-305 to understand the star/star-cluster formation. On the basis of excess infrared emission, we have identified 116 young stellar objects (YSOs) within a field of view of ~18.5'x18.5' around Sh 2-305. The average age, mass, and extinction (AV) for this sample of YSOs are 1.8Myr, 2.9M_{sun}_, and 7.1mag, respectively. The density distribution of stellar sources along with minimal spanning tree calculations on the location of YSOs reveals at least three stellar subclusterings in Sh 2-305. One cluster is seen toward the center (i.e., Mayer 3), while the other two are distributed toward the north and south directions. Two massive O-type stars (VM2 and VM4; ages ~5Myr) are located at the center of the Sh 2-305 HII region. The analysis of the infrared and radio maps traces the photon-dominant regions (PDRs) in Sh 2-305. The association of the younger generation of stars with the PDRs is also investigated in Sh2-305. This result suggests that these two massive stars might have influenced the star formation history in Sh 2-305. This argument is also supported by the calculation of various pressures driven by massive stars, the slope of the mass function/K-band luminosity function, star formation efficiency, fraction of Class I sources, and mass of the dense gas toward the subclusterings in Sh 2-305.
