- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/438/1149
- Title:
- WISE data for radio-loud AGN complete samples
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/438/1149
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of four complete samples of radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN; 3CRR, 2Jy, 6CE and 7CE) using near- and mid-IR data taken by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The combined sample consists of 79 quasars and 273 radio galaxies, and covers a redshift range 0.003<z<3.395. The dichotomy in the mid-IR properties of low- and high-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs and HERGs) is analysed for the first time using large complete samples. Our results demonstrate that a division in the accretion modes of LERGs and HERGs clearly stands out in the mid-IR-radio plane (L_22{mu}m_=5x10^43^erg/s). This means that WISE data can be effectively used to diagnose accretion modes in radio-loud AGN. The mid-IR properties of all objects were analysed to test the unification between quasars and radio galaxies, consistent with earlier work, and we argue that smooth torus models best reproduce the observation. Quasars are found to have higher mid-IR luminosities than radio galaxies. We also studied all the sources in the near-IR to gain insights into evolution of AGN host galaxies. A relation found between the near-IR luminosity and redshift, well known in the near-IR, is apparent in the two near-IR WISE bands, supporting the idea that radio sources are hosted by massive elliptical galaxies that formed their stars at high redshifts and evolved passively thereafter. Evaluation of the positions of the sample objects in WISE colour-colour diagrams shows that widely used WISE colour cuts are not completely reliable in selecting AGN.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/866/44
- Title:
- WISE/DEIMOS Redshift Catalog DR2 & extended data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/866/44
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The WISE satellite surveyed the entire sky multiple times in four infrared (IR) wavelengths (3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22{mu}m). This all-sky IR photometric survey makes it possible to leverage many of the large publicly available spectroscopic redshift surveys to measure galaxy properties in the IR. While characterizing the cross-matching of WISE data to a single survey is a straightforward process, doing it with six different redshift surveys takes a fair amount of space to characterize adequately, because each survey has unique caveats and characteristics that need addressing. This work describes a data set that results from matching five public redshift surveys with the AllWISE data release, along with a reanalysis of the data described in Lake+ (2012, J/AJ/143/7). The combined data set has an additional flux limit of 80{mu}Jy (19.14 AB mag) in WISE's W1 filter, imposed in order to limit it to targets with high completeness and reliable photometry in the AllWISE data set. Consistent analysis of all of the data is only possible if the color bias discussed in Ilbert+ (2004MNRAS.351..541I) is addressed (e.g., the techniques explored in Lake+ 2017AJ....153..189L). The sample defined herein is used in a companion paper in this series to measure the luminosity function of galaxies at 2.4{mu}m rest-frame wavelength, and the selection process of the sample is optimized for this purpose.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/805/90
- Title:
- WISE ELIRGs and comparison with QSOs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/805/90
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present 20 Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)-selected galaxies with bolometric luminosities L_bol_>10^14^L_{sun}_, including five with infrared luminosities L_IR_{equiv}L_(rest8-1000{mu}m)_>10^14^L_{sun}_. These "extremely luminous infrared galaxies", or ELIRGs, were discovered using the "W1W2-dropout" selection criteria which requires marginal or non-detections at 3.4 and 4.6{mu}m (W1 and W2, respectively) but strong detections at 12 and 22{mu}m in the WISE survey. Their spectral energy distributions are dominated by emission at rest-frame 4-10{mu}m, suggesting that hot dust with T_d_~450K is responsible for the high luminosities. These galaxies are likely powered by highly obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and there is no evidence suggesting these systems are beamed or lensed. We compare this WISE-selected sample with 116 optically selected quasars that reach the same L_bol_ level, corresponding to the most luminous unobscured quasars in the literature. We find that the rest-frame 5.8 and 7.8{mu}m luminosities of the WISE-selected ELIRGs can be 30%-80% higher than that of the unobscured quasars. The existence of AGNs with L_bol_>10^14^L_{sun}_ at z>3 suggests that these supermassive black holes are born with large mass, or have very rapid mass assembly. For black hole seed masses ~10^3^M_{sun}_, either sustained super-Eddington accretion is needed, or the radiative efficiency must be <15%, implying a black hole with slow spin, possibly due to chaotic accretion.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/245/25
- Title:
- WISE Extended Source Catalog (WXSC). I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/245/25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present mid-infrared photometry and measured global properties of the 100 largest galaxies in the sky, including the well-studied Magellanic Clouds, Local Group galaxies M31 and M33, the Fornax and Virgo galaxy cluster giants, and many of the most spectacular Messier objects (e.g., M51 and M83). This is the first release of a larger catalog of extended sources as imaged in the mid-infrared, called the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Extended Source Catalog (WXSC). In this study, we measure their global attributes, including integrated flux, surface brightness, and radial distribution. The largest of the large are the LMC, SMC, and Andromeda galaxy, which are also the brightest mid-infrared galaxies in the sky. We interrogate the large galaxies using WISE colors, which serve as proxies for four general types of galaxies: bulge-dominated spheroidals, intermediate semi-quiescent disks, star-forming (SF) spirals, and AGN-dominated. The colors reveal a tight "sequence" that spans 5 mag in W2-W3 color, ranging from early to late types and low to high SF activity; we fit the functional form given by (W1-W2)=[0.015*e^(W2-W3)/1.38^]-0.08. Departures from this sequence may reveal nuclear, starburst, and merging events. Physical properties and luminosity attributes are computed, notably the diameter, aggregate stellar mass, and dust-obscured star formation activity. To effectively study and compare these galaxy characteristics, we introduce the "pinwheel" diagram, which depicts physical properties with respect to the median value observed for WISE galaxies in the local universe. Utilized with the WXSC, this diagram will delineate between different kinds of galaxies, identifying those with similar star formation and structural properties. Finally, we present the mid-infrared photometry of the 25 brightest globular clusters in the sky, of which many are also the largest and brightest objects orbiting the Milky Way, including Omega Centauri, 47 Tucanae, and a number of famed night-sky targets (e.g., M13).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/748/68
- Title:
- WISE IR colors of gamma-ray blazars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/748/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Blazars constitute the most enigmatic class of extragalactic {gamma}-ray sources, and their observational features have been ascribed to a relativistic jet closely aligned to the line of sight. They are generally divided in two main classes: the BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) and the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). In the case of BL Lacs the double-bumped spectral energy distribution (SED) is generally described by the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission, while for the FSRQs it is interpreted as due to external Compton (EC) emission. Recently, we showed that in the [3.4]-[4.6]-[12]{mu}m color-color diagram the blazar population covers a distinct region (i.e., the WISE blazar Strip (WBS)) clearly separated from the other extragalactic sources that are dominated by thermal emission. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the infrared and {gamma}-ray emission for a subset of confirmed blazars from the literature, associated with Fermi sources, for which WISE archival observations are available. This sample is a proper subset of the sample of sources used previously, and the availability of Fermi data is critical to constrain the models on the emission mechanisms for the blazars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/837/15
- Title:
- WISE IR excesses among main sequence stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/837/15
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This study presents a search for infrared (IR) excess in the 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22{mu}m bands in a sample of 216 targets, composed of solar sibling, twin, and analog stars observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. In general, an IR excess suggests the existence of warm dust around a star. We detected 12{mu}m and/or 22{mu}m excesses at the 3{sigma} level of confidence in five solar analog stars, corresponding to a frequency of 4.1% of the entire sample of solar analogs analyzed, and in one out of 29 solar sibling candidates, confirming previous studies. The estimation of the dust properties shows that the sources with IR excesses possess circumstellar material with temperatures that, within the uncertainties, are similar to that of the material found in the asteroid belt in our solar system. No photospheric flux excess was identified at the W1 (3.4{mu}m) and W2 (4.6{mu}m) WISE bands, indicating that, in the majority of stars of the present sample, no detectable dust is generated. Interestingly, among the 60 solar twin stars analyzed in this work, no WISE photospheric flux excess was detected. However, a null-detection excess does not necessarily indicate the absence of dust around a star because different causes, including dynamic processes and instrument limitations, can mask its presence.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/212/10
- Title:
- WISE IR excesses for stars within 75pc
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/212/10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a sensitive search for WISE W3 (12{mu}m) and W4 (22{mu}m) excesses from warm optically thin dust around Hipparcos main sequence stars within 75pc from the Sun. We use contemporaneously measured photometry from WISE, remove sources of contamination, and derive and apply corrections to saturated fluxes to attain optimal sensitivity to >10{mu}m excesses. We use data from the WISE All-Sky Survey Catalog rather than the AllWISE release because we find that its saturated photometry is better behaved, allowing us to detect small excesses even around saturated stars in WISE. Our new discoveries increase by 45% the number of stars with warm dusty excesses and expand the number of known debris disks (with excess at any wavelength) within 75pc by 29%. We identify 220 Hipparcos debris disk host stars, 108 of which are new detections at any wavelength. We present the first measurement of a 12{mu}m and/or 22{mu}m excess for 10 stars with previously known cold (50-100K) disks. We also find five new stars with small but significant W3 excesses, adding to the small population of known exozodi, and we detect evidence for a W2 excess around HIP 96562 (F2V), indicative of tenuous hot (780K) dust. As a result of our WISE study, the number of debris disks with known 10-30{mu}m excesses within 75pc (379) has now surpassed the number of disks with known >30{mu}m excesses (289, with 171 in common), even if the latter have been found to have a higher occurrence rate in unbiased samples.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/835/280
- Title:
- WISE MIR properties of galaxies in compact groups
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/835/280
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the mid-infrared (MIR) properties of galaxies in compact groups and their environmental dependence using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data. We use a volume-limited sample of 670 compact groups and their 2175 member galaxies with M_r_<-19.77 and 0.01<z<0.0741, drawn from Sohn+ (2016, J/ApJS/225/23), which were identified using a friends-of-friends algorithm. Among the 2175 galaxies, 1541 galaxies are detected at WISE 12um with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 3. Among the 1541 galaxies, 433 AGN-host galaxies are identified by using both optical and MIR classification schemes. Using the remaining 1108 non-AGN galaxies, we find that the MIR [3.4]-[12] colors of compact group early-type galaxies are on average bluer than those of cluster early-type galaxies. When compact groups have both early- and late-type member galaxies, the MIR colors of the late-type members in those compact groups are bluer than the MIR colors of cluster late-type galaxies. As compact groups are located in denser regions, they tend to have larger early-type galaxy fractions and bluer MIR color galaxies. These trends are also seen for neighboring galaxies around compact groups. However, compact group member galaxies always have larger early-type galaxy fractions and bluer MIR colors than their neighboring galaxies. Our findings suggest that the properties of compact group galaxies depend on both internal and external environments of compact groups, and that galaxy evolution is faster in compact groups than in the central regions of clusters.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/255/10
- Title:
- WISE MIR variability in gamma-ray Seyfert 1 gal.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/255/10
- Date:
- 11 Mar 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Fermi-LAT's detection of {gamma}-rays from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) has received increasing attention. Understanding these {gamma}-NLS1s is of interest because they have some properties similar to blazars, which are known to show rapid and large-amplitude variability. Based on the largest sample of {gamma}-NLS1s (25 sources), we carried out a systematic search for rapid mid-infrared (MIR, 3.4 and 4.6{mu}m) variability using the multiepoch data of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We also compared a few variability properties between {gamma}-NLS1s and {gamma}-ray blazars. Our main results are as follows. (1) Thirteen {gamma}-NLS1s showed significant (>3{sigma}) rapid variability in at least one of the two MIR bands. The MIR emission of these sources is dominated by the synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons in the jet. (2) The {gamma}-NLS1s with flat radio spectra are more variable than those not detected in {gamma}-rays. (3) The {gamma}-NLS1s tend to show smaller amplitude of variability as well as lower duty cycle relative to {gamma}-ray blazars. (4) The {gamma}-NLS1s tend to show a trend of bluer-when-brighter on both intraday and long timescales, similar to {gamma}-ray blazars. (5) The {gamma}-NLS1s that are more variable on long timescales have larger amplitudes of variability and higher duty cycles on intraday timescales. (6) In the majority of cases, the {gamma}-NLS1s fall in the WISE Gamma-ray Blazar Strip (WGS). However, we noted migrations outside of the WGS due to significant variability.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/564/A84
- Title:
- WISE model grids for O- and C-rich AGB
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/564/A84
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are bright and extended infrared objects, most Galactic AGB stars saturate the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) detectors and therefore the WISE magnitudes that are restored by applying point-spread-function fitting need to be verified. Statistical properties of circumstellar envelopes around AGB stars are discussed on the basis of a WISE AGB catalog verified in this way. We cross-matched an AGB star sample with the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog and the Two Mircon All Sky Survey catalog. Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) spectra of a subsample of WISE AGB stars were also exploited. The dust radiation transfer code DUSTY was used to help predict the magnitudes in the W1 and W2 bands, the two WISE bands most affected by saturation, for calibration purpose, and to provide physical parameters of the AGB sample stars for analysis.
