- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/507/881
- Title:
- Emission lines in EX Lup optical spectrum
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/507/881
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A high-resolution optical spectrum of EX Lupi was obtained on 2007 July 30 with FEROS at the 2.2m MPG/ESO telescope in ESO La Silla, Chile. The spectrum shows several emission lines in addition to the photospheric absorption features characteristic of the young late-type star. Here we present all emission lines identified in the spectrum, the observed wavelengths and equivalent widths in Angstrom and the full widths at half maximum in km/s, determined by Gaussian fitting. The most prominent emission lines are the Balmer lines of the hydrogen, the H and K lines and the infrared triplet of the ionized calcium, and the helium lines at 5875 and 6678 Angstrom, and in addition more than 200 weak, narrow metallic lines could be identified using Moore's (1945, Contrib. Princeton Univ. Obs., No. 20) multiplet tables.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/104/233
- Title:
- Emission-line stars in Vela Molecular Ridge
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/104/233
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- (no description available)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/V/73A
- Title:
- Emission-Line Stars of the Orion Population
- Short Name:
- V/73A
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This Catalog lists 735 pre-main sequence stars, members of the Orion Population, that have been observed with slit spectrographs or at equivalent resolution. It is intended to replace the Second Catalog of Herbig and Rao (1972). It gives accurate coordinates (many determined especially for this Catalog), light ranges for known variables, UBVRI data near maximum light, references to ultraviolet, X-ray and radio observations and to light curves, value of v sin i and the radial velocity when known, spectral type, equivalent width of the H-alpha emission line, references to spectral reproductions or scans and spectroscopic studies and to identification charts, and a classification (as a T Tau star, FU Ori object, etc.)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/541/A113
- Title:
- Evolutionary tracks for pre-main sequence stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/541/A113
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The apsidal-motion constants k_j_ and the moment of inertia are often used to study the apsidal-motion and tidal evolution of double-lined eclipsing binaries and planetary systems. On the other hand, the computation of the theoretical light curves of eclipsing binaries, planetary transits, and single rapidly rotating stars requires the knowledge of how the flux is distributed over the distorted stellar surfaces which can derived from the gravity-darkening exponent. Such parameters are available for several masses and chemical compositions covering the main-sequence and giant branch. However, for early phases (pre main-sequence, hereafter PMS) the calculations are scarce or even lacking. We present the calculations of the apsidal-motion constants, the fractional radius of gyration, and the gravity-darkening exponents for an extensive grid of PMS. The code used to generate the PMS models is essentially the same as that described by us in 2004. The apsidal-motion constants, the moment of inertia and the potential energy were computed using a fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The gravity-darkening exponents were computed using a method previously developed by us. The apsidal-motion constants, the moment of inertia, the potential energy, and the gravity-darkening exponents are made available for each point on every evolutionary track for PMS models covering the mass range 0.05-30M_{sun}_. Our calculations are made available for three chemical compositions (X, Z)=(0.757, 0.001), (0.70, 0.02), (0.64, 0.04).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/641/A33
- Title:
- EX Lup SPHERE and SINFONI images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/641/A33
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- EX Lup is a well-studied T Tauri star that represents the prototype of young eruptive stars EXors. These are characterized by repetitive outbursts due to enhanced accretion from the circumstellar disk onto the star. In this paper we analyze new adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopic observations to study EX Lup and its circumstellar environment in near-infrared in its quiescent phase. We aim at providing a comprehensive understanding of the circumstellar environment around EX Lup in quiescence that builds upon the vast literature data. We observed EX Lup in quiescence with the high contrast imager SPHERE/IRDIS in the dual-beam polarimetric imaging mode to resolve the circumstellar environment in near-infrared scattered light. We complemented these data with earlier SINFONI spectroscopy, also taken in quiescence. Results.We resolve for the first time in scattered light a compact feature around EX Lup azimuthally extending from ~280{deg} to ~360{deg}, and radially extending from 0.3" to 0.55" in the plane of the disk. We explore two different scenarios for the detected emission. The first one accounts for the emission as coming from the brightened walls of the cavity excavated by the outflow whose presence was suggested by ALMA observations in the J=3-2 line of ^12^CO. The second one accounts for the emission as coming from an inclined disk. In this latter case we detect for the first time a more extended circumstellar disk in scattered light, which shows that a region between 10 and 30au is depleted of um-size grains. We compare the J-, H- and K- band spectra obtained with SINFONI in quiescence with the spectra taken during the outburst, showing that all the emission lines were due to the episodic accretion event. Based on the morphology analysis we favour the scenario in which the scattered light is coming from a circumstellar disk rather than the outflow around EX Lup. We analyze the origin of the observed feature either as coming from a continuous circumstellar disk with a cavity, or from the illuminated wall of the outer disk or from a shadowed disk. Moreover, we discuss what is the origin of the m-size grains depleted region, exploring the possibility that a sub-stellar companion may be the cause of it.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/744/121
- Title:
- Far-UV spectroscopy of T Tau stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/744/121
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectral atlas consisting of spectra of 91 pre-main-sequence stars. Most stars in this sample were observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). A few archival spectra from the International Ultraviolet Explorer and the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph on HST are included for completeness. We find strong correlations among the OI{lambda}1304 triplet, the SiIV {lambda}{lambda}1394/1403 doublet, the CIV{lambda}1549 doublet, and the HeII {lambda}1640 line luminosities. For classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs), we also find strong correlations between these lines and the accretion luminosity, suggesting that these lines form in processes related to accretion. These FUV line fluxes and X-ray luminosity correlate loosely with large scatters. The FUV emission also correlates well with H{alpha}, H{beta}, and CaII K line luminosities. These correlations between FUV and optical diagnostics can be used to obtain rough estimates of FUV line fluxes from optical observations. Molecular hydrogen (H_2_) emission is generally present in the spectra of actively accreting CTTSs but not the weak-lined T Tauri stars that are not accreting. The presence of H_2_ emission in the spectrum of HD 98800N suggests that the disk should be classified as actively accreting rather than a debris disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A216
- Title:
- Five Herbig-Haro objects SOFIA/FIFI-LS images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/642/A216
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of five prototypical, low-mass Class I outflows (HH111, SVS13, HH26, HH34, HH30) in the far-infrared [OI]63um and [OI]145um transitions. Spectroscopic [OI]63um,145um maps enable us to study the spatial extent of warm, low-excitation atomic gas within outflows driven by Class I protostars. These [OI] maps may potentially allow us to measure the mass-loss rates (dM/dt_jet_) of this warm component of the atomic jet. A fundamental tracer of warm (i.e. T~500-1500K), low-excitation atomic gas is the [OI]63um emission line, which is predicted to be the main coolant of dense dissociative J-type shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks associated with protostellar outflows. Under these conditions, the [O I]63um line can be directly connected to the instantaneous mass ejection rate.Thus, by utilising spectroscopic [OI]63um maps, we wish to determine the atomic mass flux rate dM/dt_jet_ ejected from our target outflows. Strong [OI]63um emission is detected at the driving sources HH111IRS, HH34IRS, SVS13, as well as at the bow shock region, HH7. The detection of the [OI]63um line at HH26A and HH8/HH10 can be attributed to jet deflection regions. The far-infrared counterpart of the optical jet is detected in [OI]63um only for HH111, but not for HH34. We interpret the [OI]63um emission at HH111IRS, HH34IRS, and SVS13 to be coming primarily from a decelerated wind shock, whereas multiple internal shocks within the HH111 jet may cause most of the [O I]63um emission seen there. At HH30, no [O I]63um,145um was detected. The [OI]145um line detection is at noise level almost everywhere in our obtained maps. The observed outflow rates of our Class I sample are to the order of dM/dt_jet_~10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr, if proper shock conditions prevail. Independent calculations connecting the [OI]63um line luminosity and observable jet parameters with the mass-loss rate are consistent with the applied shock model and lead to similar mass-loss rates. Wediscuss applicability and caveats of both methods. High-quality spectroscopic [OI]63um maps of protostellar outflows at the jet driving source potentially allow a clear determination of the mass ejection rate.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/165/256
- Title:
- Fluorescent H_2_ emission from T Tauri stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/165/256
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We survey fluorescent H2 emission in HST STIS spectra of the classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) TW Hya, DF Tau, RU Lupi, T Tau, and DG Tau, and the weak-lined T Tauri star (WTTS) V836 Tau. From each of those sources we detect between 41 and 209 narrow H_2_ emission lines, most of which are pumped by strong Ly{alpha} emission. H_2_ emission is not detected from the WTTS V410 Tau. The fluorescent H_2_ emission appears to be common to circumstellar environments around all CTTSs, but high spectral and spatial resolution STIS observations reveal diverse phenomenon.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/708/1760
- Title:
- Flux estimations of faint X-ray sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/708/1760
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- X-ray sources with very few counts can be identified with low-noise X-ray detectors such as the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. These sources are often too faint for parametric spectral modeling using well-established methods such as fitting with XSPEC. We discuss the estimation of apparent and intrinsic broadband X-ray fluxes and soft X-ray absorption from gas along the line of sight to these sources, using nonparametric methods. Apparent flux is estimated from the ratio of the source count rate to the instrumental effective area averaged over the chosen band. Absorption, intrinsic flux, and errors on these quantities are estimated from comparison of source photometric quantities with those of high signal-to-noise spectra that were simulated using spectral models characteristic of the class of astrophysical sources under study. The concept of this method is similar to the long-standing use of color-magnitude diagrams in optical and infrared astronomy, with X-ray median energy replacing color index and X-ray source counts replacing magnitude. Our nonparametric method is tested against the apparent spectra of ~2000 faint sources in the Chandra observation of the rich young stellar cluster in the M 17 HII region. We show that the intrinsic X-ray properties can be determined with little bias and reasonable accuracy using these observable photometric quantities without employing often uncertain and time-consuming methods of nonlinear parametric spectral modeling. Our method is calibrated for thermal spectra characteristic of stars in young stellar clusters, but recalibration should be possible for some other classes of faint X-ray sources such as extragalactic active galactic nuclei.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A173
- Title:
- Four Herbig-Haro objects SOFIA/FIFI-LS images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A173
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of three Class 0 and one Class I outflows (Cep E, HH 1, HH 212, and L1551 IRS5) in the far-infrared [OI]63um and [OI]145um transitions. Spectroscopic [OI]63um maps enable us to infer the spatial extent of warm (T~500-1200K), low-excitation atomic gas within these protostellar outflows. Our main goal is to determine mass-loss rates from the obtained [OI]63um maps and compare these with accretion rates from other studies. The far-infrared [OI]63um emission line is predicted to be the main coolant of dense, dissociative J-shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks. If proper shock conditions prevail, the instantaneous mass-ejection rate is directly connected to the [OI]63um luminosity. In order to unravel evolutionary trends we analyse a set of 14 Class 0/I outflow sources that have been spatially resolved in the [OI]63um emission. We compare these data with a sample of 74 Class 0/I/II outflow sources that have been observed with Herschel (WISH, DIGIT, WILL, GASPS surveys) without spatially resolving the [OI]63um line.
