- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/erosxmm
- Title:
- Extremely Red Objects XMM-Newton Survey Catalog
- Short Name:
- EROSXMM
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains the results of a deep (about 80 ks) XMM-Newton survey of the largest sample of near-infrared-selected Extremely Red Objects (R-K > 5) available to date to K<sub>s</sub> < ~19.2. At the relatively bright X-ray fluxes ((F(2-10 keV) >~ 4 x 10<sup>-15</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) and near-infrared magnitude probed by the present observations, the fraction of AGN (i.e. X-ray detected) among the ERO population is small (~3.5%); conversely, the fraction of EROs among hard X-ray selected sources is much higher (~20%). The X-ray properties of the 9 EROs detected in this XMM-Newton observation indicate absorption in excess of 10<sup>22</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> in a large fraction of them. The X-ray, optical and near-infrared properties of those X-ray selected EROs with a spectroscopic or photometric redshift nicely match those expected for type 2 quasars, the high-luminosity, high-redshift obscured AGNs predicted in baseline XRB synthesis models. A close correlation is detected between X-ray and K-band fluxes. This table contains the X-ray and optical information for the sources detected in the sum of 3 separate XMM-Newton observations of a field centered on 14 49 25, +09 00 13 (J2000.0 RA and Dec) known as the "Daddi" field (Daddi et al. 2000, A&A, 361, 535) in which 257 EROs are known to be present. The data from all 3 EPIC instruments (PN, MOS1 and MOS2) obtained in the 3 observations was combined, yielding a total exposure time for the PN of ~82 ks, and for the MOS instruments of ~78 ks. The X-ray hardness ratio (HR) and the optical to near-infrared color (R and K magnitudes) are reported for all the detected X-ray sources and their counterparts, along with the reliability of the X-ray to optical or near-infrared associations as measured by the likelihood ratios, LR(R) and LR(K). This table lists data for the 111 proposed optical/infrared counterparts for the 97 detected X-ray sources, i.e., X-ray sources with more than one possible optical/IR counterpart will have multiple entries in this table, one for each counterpart, as follows: 73 X-ray sources have secure optical/near-IR counterparts (counterpart_status=1), 7 X-ray sources have 2 possible 'likely' counterparts, and 1 X-ray source has 3 such counterparts (counterpart_status=2), 6 X-ray sources have only low-likelihood counterparts all of which lie outside the 3" matching radii (counterpart_status=3), and the remaining 9 X-ray sources lack optical and infrared photometry (counterpart_status=4). This table was created by the HEASARC in February 2007 based on the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/432/69">CDS Catalog J/A+A/432/69</a> files table1.dat and table2.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/first
- Title:
- Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm (FIRST)
- Short Name:
- FIRST
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This catalog comprises the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm (FIRST) Survey. The FIRST survey began in 1993, and covers the north and south Galactic caps. The present 14Dec17 version is derived from the 1993 through 2011 observations. The catalog covers a total of about 10,575 square degrees of sky (8,444 square degrees in the north Galactic cap and 2,131 square degrees in the south Galactic cap). See the coverage maps at <a href="http://sundog.stsci.edu/first/catalogs/readme_14dec17.html#coverage">http://sundog.stsci.edu/first/catalogs/readme_14dec17.html#coverage</a> for more details of the area covered. Both the northern and southern areas were chosen to coincide approximately with the area covered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The catalog is identical to the previous version of the catalog (14Mar04) except that it has more accurate data on which sources are not covered by the SDSS DR10 catalog. Approximately 1000 sources that were indicated as covered by DR10 in the previous version are now correctly marked as not covered. The source list, radio fluxes, etc., are all the same as the 14Mar04 version. In this version of the catalog, images taken in the the new EVLA configuration have been re-reduced using shallower CLEAN thresholds in order to reduce the "CLEAN bias" in those images. Also, the EVLA images are not co-added with older VLA images to avoid problems resulting from the different frequencies and noise properties of the configurations. That leads to small gaps in the sky coverage at boundaries between the EVLA and VLA regions. As a result, the area covered by this release of the catalog is about 60 square degrees smaller than the earlier release of the catalog (13Jun05), and the total number of sources is reduced by nearly 25,000. The previous version of the catalog does have sources in the overlap regions, but their flux densities are considered unreliable due to calibration errors. The flux densities should be more accurate in this catalog, biases are smaller, and the incidence of spurious sources is also reduced. Over most of the survey area, the detection limit is 1 mJy. A region along the equatorial strip (RA = 21.3 to 3.3 hrs, Dec = -1 to 1 deg) has a deeper detection threshold because two epochs of observation were combined. The typical detection threshold in this region is 0.75 mJy. There are approximately 4,500 sources below the 1 mJy threshold used for most previous versions of the catalog. The format of this catalog is the same as releases since 13Jun05 but differs from earlier versions of the catalog. It contains two parameters which give information on the epoch of observation for each source (called mean_epoch and rms_epoch in this HEASARC version) which are described below. The P(S) parameter (called sidelobe_prob herein), which indicates the probability that the source is a sidelobe, replaces the previous binary sidelobe flag column. The parameters sdss_matches, sdss_first_offset, sdss_imag, sdss_class, twomass_matches, twomass_first_offset and twomass_kmag give information on counterparts to the FIRST source in the SDSS DR10 catalog and the 2MASS catalog, respectively. Other catalog parameters are common with FIRST catalog releases extending back over the past decade. The co-added images are available online: see the FIRST page at <a href="http://sundog.stsci.edu/first/images.html">http://sundog.stsci.edu/first/images.html</a> for details. The source catalog presented here is derived from the images. Data for the FIRST survey were collected in all VLA B-configurations from Spring 1993 through Spring 2004. For all data collected for the FIRST project, the raw u-v visibility data are placed in the VLA public archive on the day they are taken, and are available for use without restriction. Additional data in the southern Galactic cap were acquired in Spring 2009 and Spring 2011. The VLA was in a hybrid condition in 2009, with some new EVLA receivers and some old VLA receivers. The characteristics of those images are slightly different from the older data, but for most purposes they should be equivalent. In 2011 the EVLA receivers were available with an early version of the new EVLA data system, so there are a number of differences from the old data: <pre> Date Frequencies Bandpass Integration Before 2011 1365, 1435 MHz 2x7 3-MHz channels 180 seconds 2011 1335, 1730 MHz 2x64 2-MHz channels 60 seconds </pre> Note particularly the frequency difference between the new and older data. The new data are in co-added fields with names ending with 'S' (and later letters in the alphabet) and are found entirely in the south Galactic cap. This table was last updated by the HEASARC in May 2015 based on the file: <a href="http://sundog.stsci.edu/first/catalogs/catalog_14dec17.bin.gz">http://sundog.stsci.edu/first/catalogs/catalog_14dec17.bin.gz</a> which contains the 17 December 2014 version of the FIRST Source Catalog. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in April 2018. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/faust
- Title:
- Faust Far-UV Point Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- FAUST
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This catalog contains a list of the photometric measurements of point sources made by the Far Ultraviolet Space Telescope (FAUST) when it flew on the ATLAS-1 space shuttle mission. The list contains 4660 galactic and extragalactic objects detected in 22 wide-field images of the sky (note that the abstract of the published catalog states that it contains 4698 sources: the reason for this discrepancy is not known to the HEASARC). At the locations surveyed, this catalog reaches a limiting magnitude that is approximately a factor of 10 fainter than the previous UV all-sky survey, TD1. The catalog limit is approximately 1x10<sup>-14</sup> ergs/s/cm<sup>2</sup>/Angstrom, although it is not complete to this level. Listed for each object is the position, Far-UV (FUV) flux, the error in this flux, and, where possible, an identification from catalogs of nearby stars and galaxies. These catalogs include the Michigan HD (MHD) and HD Catalogs, the SAO Catalog, the HIPPARCOS Input Catalog (HIC), the Position and Proper Motion (PPM) Catalog, the TD1 Catalog, the McCook and Sion Catalog of white dwarf stars, and the RC3 Catalog of Galaxies. 2239 FAUST sources are identified with objects in the stellar catalogs and 172 with galaxies in the RC3 catalog. The number of sources with incorrect identifications is estimated to be less than 2%. Of the 4660 FUV sources in this catalog, 161 have multiple stellar and/or galaxy counterparts (155 sources have 2 possible counterparts, 4 sources have 3 possible counterparts, 1 source has 4 possible counterparts, and 1 source has 6 possible counterparts), with the 4499 remaining FUV sources having 0 or 1 stellar and/or galaxy counterparts. Hence, there are a grand total of 4831 = (4499 + 155x2 + 4x3 + 1x4 + 1x6) entries in this database, since each entry corresponds to a source/counterpart combination. The HEASARC added a parameter 'multiple_ID' to allow the user to identify sources with multiple possible counterparts. FAUST Sources with multiple counterparts thus have multiple entries in this database, and can be recognized by having multiple_id values greater than 1 (and differing information in the parameter fields that contain the properties of the stellar and/or galaxy counterparts). This catalog was created at the HEASARC in September 1998 based on CDS/ADC Catalog J/ApJS/96/461. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermi2favs
- Title:
- Fermi All-Sky Variability Analysis Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources
- Short Name:
- FERMI2FAVS
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA) is an analysis technique that searches for flaring sources in data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. It uses a photometric approach to blindly search for flares over the entire sky, and a likelihood analysis to precisely locate them and to measure their spectra. This catalog contains the flares and sources detected by running FAVA over the first 7.4 years of Fermi mission, from Modified Julian Date (MJD) 54682 (2008-08-04) to 57391 (2016-01-04). The analysis has been run in weekly time bins and in two independent energy bands, 100-800 MeV and 0.8-300 GeV. The detection threshold applied to the catalog flares is equivalent to 6 sigma (pre trials). The sources in the 2FAV are identified as clusters of flares. Their position and the corresponding error are derived from a weighted average of the best localized flares in the cluster. Likely gamma-ray counterparts, based on positional coincidence, are provided for the sources. This database table was first ingested by the HEASARC in July 2017 using electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). That data is available at <a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/fava_catalog/">http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/fava_catalog/</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fer2fusrid
- Title:
- Fermi 2FGL Unassociated Gamma-Ray Sources Possible Radio Identifications
- Short Name:
- FER2FUSRID
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains some of the results from an all-sky radio survey between 5- and 9-GHz of sky areas surrounding all unassociated gamma-ray objects listed in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Second Source Catalog (2FGL). The goal of these observations is to find all new gamma-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) associations with radio sources > 10 mJy at 8GHz. The authors observed with the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) the areas around unassociated sources, providing localizations of weak radio point sources found in 2FGL fields at arcminute scales. They then followed up a subset of these with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and the Long Baseline Array (LBA) in order to confirm detections of radio emission on parsec-scales. The authors quantified association probabilities based on known statistics of source counts and assuming a uniform distribution of background sources. In total, they found 865 radio sources at arcsecond scales as candidates for association and detected 95 of 170 selected for follow-up observations at milliarcsecond resolution. Based on this, they obtained firm associations for 76 previously unknown gamma-ray AGNs. Comparison of these new AGN associations with the predictions from using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) color-color diagram shows that half of the associations are missed. The authors found that in 129 out of 588 gamma-ray sources observed at arcminute scales not a single radio continuum source was detected above their sensitivity limit within the 3-sigma gamma-ray localization. These "empty" fields were found to be particularly concentrated at low Galactic latitudes. The nature of these Galactic gamma-ray emitters is not yet determined. A list of 216 target fields were observed with the VLA. The instantaneous bandwidth was split into two parts, with one half centered at 5.0 GHz (4.5 - 5.5 GHz) and the other centered at 7.3 GHz (6.8 - 7.8 GHz). The observations were made on 2012 October 26 and 2012 November 3. See section 2.1 of the reference paper for more details. These data are included in this HEASARC table. During the first campaign with the ATCA from 2012 September 19-20, the authors observed 411 2FGL unassociated sources in a Declination range of -90 degrees to +10 degrees at 5.5 and 9 GHz. The details of this observing campaign and results have been reported by Petrov et al. (2013, MNRAS, 432, 1294: available at the HEASARC as the AT2FGLUS table). The authors detected a total of 424 point sources. In a second ATCA campaign on 2013 September 25-28, the authors re-observed sources that were detected at 5 GHz, but were not detected at 9 GHz. See section 2.2 of the reference paper for more details. These data are included in this HEASARC table. Follow-up observations of 149 targets selected from the VLA and ATCA surveys above -30 degrees Declination were conducted with the VLBA between 2013 Feb-Aug (VCS7 project; 4.128 - 4.608 and 7.392 - 7.872 GHz simultaneously) and in 2013 Jun-Dec (campaign S5272; 7.392 - 7.872 GHz only). See section 2.3 of the reference paper for more details. These data are NOT included in this HEASARC table. For sources with Declination below -30 degrees, the authors added 21 objects to the on-going LCS campaign being conducted using the LBA (Petrov et al. 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2528) in 2013 Mar-2013 Jun at 8.200 - 8.520 GHz. See section 2.4 of the reference paper for more details. These data are NOT included in this HEASARC table. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2015 based on the union of <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/217/4/">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/217/4/</a> files table2.dat (the 148 'Category I' objects that were detected at 5.0/5.5 and/or 7.3/9.0 GHz within 2.7' of the 2FGL counterpart localization), table3.dat (the 501 'Category II' objects that were detected at 5.0/5.5 and/or 7.3/9.0 GHz between 2.7' and 6.5' of the 2FGL counterpart localization) and table4.dat (the 216 'Category III' objects that were detected outside of the 6.5 arcminutes but still within the 99% positional uncertainty of the 2FGL counterpart localization). It thus contains a total of 865 objects. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilbsl
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Bright Source List
- Short Name:
- FERMILBSL
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi LAT table of bright sources is a list of bright LAT sources that have statistical significances of 10 sigma or higher, based on the first three months of survey data. The primary purpose of this list is to assist proposers for Guest Investigator Cycle 2 (due date 6 March). This list will eventually be superseded by the LAT Source Catalog, to be released about one year after launch. This database table was created by the HEASARC in February 2009 based on the electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC) available at <a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/bright_src_list/">http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/bright_src_list/</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilblaz
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Gamma-Ray Blazar Classification Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILBLAZ
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This database table contains a catalog of classifications for blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCU) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope gamma-ray instrument. These classifications have been determined by an Artificial Neural Network machine learning method. The aim of the authors' study was to develop an optimized version of this Artificial Neural Network machine learning method for classifying these blazar candidates. The final result of this study increased the classification performance by about 80% with respect to the method previously used for the classification of uncertain blazars in Chiaro et al. (<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.462.3180C">2016MNRAS.462.3180C</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/462/3180/">CDS Cat. J/MNRAS/462/3180</a>), leaving only 15 unclassified blazars out of 573 blazar candidates of uncertain type listed in the Fermi LAT 4-Year Source Catalog. Looking beyond the gamma-ray features of blazars, interesting information can be obtained from a multiwavelength study of the sources and particularly from X-ray and radio flux. In this study the authors tested the possibility to use those two parameters to improve the performance of the network. They did not consider any optical spectroscopy data because, when considering uncertain sources, optical spectra are very often not available or not sufficiently descriptive of the nature of the source. The gamma-ray flux was obtained by adding five time-integrated fluxes in five bands (0.1-0.3, 0.3-1, 1-3, 3-10, 10-100 GeV) from the <a href="/W3Browse/fermi/fermi3fgl.html">3FGL Catalog</a> (Acero et al. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJS..218...23A">2015ApJS..218...23A</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/218/23/">CDS Cat. J/ApJS/218/23</a>). Radio and X-ray data were obtained from the Fermi LAT 4-Year AGN Catalog 3LAC (Ackermann et al. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...810...14A">2015ApJ...810...14A</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/810/14/">CDS Cat. J/ApJ/810/14</a>). Radio fluxes used were measured at frequencies of 1.4 and 0.8 GHz; the X-ray fluxes were measured in the 0.1-2.4keV range. The complete list of 567 classified BCUs is presented in this table in which sources are ordered by increasing likelihood of a source being a BL Lac. This database table was ingested by the HEASARC in May 2023 based upon the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/490/4770">CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/490/4770</a> file table1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilhesc
- Title:
- Fermi LAT High-Energy Source Catalog (1FHL)
- Short Name:
- FERMILHESC
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains the catalog of gamma-ray sources at energies above 10 GeV based on data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) accumulated during the first 3 years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of > 10 GeV sources (1FHL) has 514 sources. For each source, the authors present location, spectrum, a measure of variability,and associations with cataloged sources at other wavelengths. They found that 449 (87%) could be associated with known sources, of which 393 (76% of the 1FHL sources) are active galactic nuclei. Of the 27 sources associated with known pulsars, they find 20 (12) to have significant pulsations in the range > 10 GeV (> 25 GeV). In this work, the authors also report that, at energies above 10 GeV, unresolved sources account for 27% +/- 8% of the isotropic gamma-ray background, while the unresolved Galactic population contributes only at the few percent level to the Galactic diffuse background. The authors also highlight the subset of the 1FHL sources that are the best candidates for detection at energies above 50 - 100 GeV with current and future ground-based gamma-ray observatories. The time interval analyzed here is from the beginning of Fermi LAT science operations on 2008 August 4 (MET 239557447) to 2011 August 1 (MET 333849586), covering very nearly 3 years. In this work, the authors analyze gamma rays with energies in the range 10-500 GeV. To limit the contamination from gamma rays produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the upper atmosphere, gamma rays with zenith angles greater than 105 degrees were excluded. To further reduce the residual gamma rays from the upper atmosphere only data for time periods when the spacecraft rocking angle was less than 52 degrees were considered. See Section 2 of the reference paper for further explanations. This table was created by the HEASARC in April 2015 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/209/34/">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/209/34/</a> files table3.dat and table7.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermiltrns
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Long-Term Transient Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILTRNS
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The First Catalog of Long-Term Transient Sources detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) comprises of 142 unique, transient sources that were detected on monthly time intervals during Fermi-LAT operations. The monthly time scale allows to identify transient and variable sources that were not yet reported in other Fermi-LAT catalogs. The monthly datasets were analyzed using a wavelet-based source detection algorithm that provided the candidate new transient sources. The search was limited to the extragalactic regions of the sky to avoid the dominance of the Galactic diffuse emission at low Galactic latitudes. The transient candidates were then analyzed using the standard Fermi-LAT maximum likelihood analysis method. All sources detected with a statistical significance above 4 sigma in at least one monthly bin were listed in the final catalog. This database table was ingested by the HEASARC in September 2021 and is based upon file downloaded from the Space Science Data Center (SSDC) Fermi-1FLT <a href="https://www.ssdc.asi.it/fermi1flt/">website</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilatra
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Sources Refined Associations Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILATRA
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2025
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) First Source Catalog (1FGL: Abdo et al. 2010, ApJS, 188, 405) was released in 2010 February and the Fermi-LAT 2-Year Source Catalog (2FGL: Nolan et al. 2012, ApJS, 199, 31) appeared in 2012 April, based on data from 24 months of operations. Since they were released, many follow up observations of unidentified gamma-ray sources have been performed and new procedures for associating gamma-ray sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths have been developed. In the reference paper, the authors review and characterize all of the associations as published in the 1FGL and 2FGL catalogs on the basis of multi-frequency archival observations. In particular, they locate 177 spectra for the low-energy counterparts that were not listed in the previous Fermi catalogs, and in addition they present new spectroscopic observations of eight gamma-ray blazar candidates. Based on their investigations, the authors introduce a new counterpart category of "candidate associations" and propose a refined classification for the candidate low-energy counterparts of the Fermi sources. They compare the 1FGL-assigned counterparts with those listed in 2FGL to determine which unassociated sources became associated in later releases of the Fermi catalogs. The authors also search for potential counterparts to all of the remaining unassociated Fermi sources. Finally, they prepare a refined and merged list of all of the associations of 1FGL plus 2FGL that includes 2219 unique Fermi objects. This is the most comprehensive and systematic study of all the associations collected for the gamma-ray sources available to the date of this study. The authors conclude that 80% of the Fermi sources have at least one known plausible gamma-ray emitter within their positional uncertainty regions. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2015 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/217/2">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/217/2</a> file table4.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
