- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/chandfs1ms
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field South 1-Megasecond Catalog
- Short Name:
- CDFS1MS
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) 1-Megasecond Catalog is the source catalog obtained from a 942 kilosecond exposure, using the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Eleven individual pointings made between 1999 October and 2000 December were combined to generate the final image used for object detection. Catalog generation proceeded simultaneously using two different methods: a method of the authors' own design using a modified version of the SExtractor algorithm, and a wavelet transform technique developed specifically for Chandra observations. The detection threshold was set in order to have less than 10 spurious sources, as assessed by extensive simulations. The catalog as published was subdivided into four sections: the primary list consisting of objects common to the two detection methods, two secondary lists containing sources which were detected by either the SExtractor algorithm alone or by the wavelet technique alone, and the fourth list consisting of possible diffuse or extended sources. The flux limits at the aimpoint for the soft (0.5 - 2 keV) and hard (2 - 10 keV) bands are 5.5 x 10<sup>-17</sup> erg/s/cm<sup>2</sup> and 4.5 x 10<sup>-16</sup> erg/s/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The total number of sources is 346; out of them, 307 were detected in the 0.5 - 2 keV band, and 251 in the 2 - 10 keV band. Optical identifications are also presented for the catalogued sources. The primary optical data are R band imaging from VLT/FORS1 to a depth of R ~ 26.5 (Vega). In regions of the field not covered by the VLT/FORS1 deep imaging, the authors use R-band data obtained with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the ESO-MPI 2.2 m telescope, as part of the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS), which cover the entire X-ray survey. The FORS1/Chandra offsets are small, ~1 arcsecond. Coordinate cross-correlation finds 85% of the Chandra sources covered by FORS1 R to have counterparts within the 3-sigma error box (>~1.5 arcseconds, depending on off-axis angle and X-ray signal-to-noise). The unidentified fraction of sources, approximately 10% - 15%, is close to the limit expected from the observed X-ray flux to R-band ratio distribution for the identified sample. This online catalog was created by the HEASARC in June 2002 based on machine-readable versions of 2, 3 and 4 of Giacconi et al. (2002) that were obtained from the CDS. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/chandfs7ms
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field-South 7-Megasecond X-Ray Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- CHANDFS7MS
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains the X-ray source catalogs for the ~7 Ms exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), which covers a total area of 484.2 square arcminutes. Utilizing WAVDETECT for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for photometric extraction and significance assessment, the authors have created a main source catalog (entries with source_sample = 'M' in this HEASARC table) containing 1,008 sources that are detected in up to three X-ray bands: 0.5-7.0 keV, 0.5-2.0 keV, and 2-7 keV. A supplementary source catalog entries with source_sample = 'S' in this HEASARC table) is also provided, including 47 lower-significance sources that have bright (K<sub>s</sub> <~ 23<sup>m</sup>) near-infrared (NIR) counterparts. The authors have identified multiwavelength counterparts for 992 (98.4%) of the 1,008 main-catalog sources, and they have collected redshifts for 986 of these sources, including 653 spectroscopic redshifts and 333 photometric redshifts. Based on the X-ray and multiwavelength properties, the authors have identified 711 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the main-catalog sources. Compared to the previous ~4 Ms CDF-S catalogs, 291 of the main-catalog sources are new detections. The observations utilized in this survey have achieved unprecedented X-ray sensitivity with average flux limits over the central ~1 arcmin<sup>2</sup> region of ~1.9 x 10<sup>-17</sup>, 6.4 x 10<sup>-18</sup>, and 2.7 x 10<sup>-17</sup> erg cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in the three X-ray bands, respectively. In the reference paper, the authors provide cumulative number-count measurements observing, for the first time, that normal galaxies start to dominate the X-ray source population at the faintest 0.5-2.0 keV flux levels. The highest X-ray source density reaches ~50,500 deg<sup>-2</sup>, and 47% +/- 4% of these sources are AGNs (~23,900 deg<sup>-2</sup>). The authors adopted a binomial no-source probability value, P<sub>B</sub> < 0.007 as the criterion to prune their initial candidate source list and generate a main source catalog, which includes 1,008 sources with a ~97% multiwavelength-identification rate. This adopted P<sub>B</sub> threshold will have inevitably rejected real X-ray sources. To recover some of these real sources, the authors created a supplementary source catalog that contains lower-significance X-ray sources that have bright optical/NIR counterparts; the chance of a bright optical/NIR source being associated with a spurious X-ray detection is quite small. A total of 47 candidate CDF-S sources having 0.007 <= P<sub>B</sub> < 0.1 are associated with bright, K<sub>s</sub> <= 23<sup>m</sup>, TENIS sources, where the false-match rate is only 1.7%, and these 47 sources constitute the supplementary catalog. A Galactic column density of N<sub>H,Gal</sub> = 8.8 * 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> along the line of sight to the CDF-S is assumed in this study. All quoted magnitudes are in the AB system. A cosmology with H<sub>0</sub> = 67.8 km s<sup>-1</sup> Mpc<sup>-1</sup>, Omega<sub>M</sub> = 0.308, and Omega<sub>Lambda</sub> = 0.692 (Planck Collaboration et al. 2016 values) is used to calculate luminosities. This HEASARC table contains the 1,008 sources from the main Chandra source catalog (these entries are identified by the HEASARC-created source_sample parameter being set to 'M' in this table) and the 47 lower-significance sources from the supplementary NIR-bright Chandra source catalog (these entries are identified by the HEASARC-created source_sample parameter being set to 'S' in this table). This table thus has 1,055 entries. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2017 based upon electronic versions of Tables 4 and 5, the 'Main Chandra Source Catalog' and the 'Supplementary NIR-Bright Chandra Source Catalog', respectively, which were obtained from the ApJS website. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in April 2018. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/139/369
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field South. 1 Ms catalog
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/139/369
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper we present the source catalog obtained from a 942ks exposure of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS), using the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Eleven individual pointings made between 1999 October and 2000 December were combined to generate the final image used for object detection. Catalog generation proceeded simultaneously using two different methods: a method of our own design using a modified version of the SExtractor algorithm, and a wavelet transform technique developed specifically for Chandra observations. The detection threshold has been set in order to have less than 10 spurious sources, as assessed by extensive simulations. We subdivided the catalog into four sections: the primary list consisting of objects common to the two detection methods, two secondary lists containing sources which were detected by (1) the SExtractor algorithm alone and (2) the wavelet technique alone, and the fourth list consisting of possible diffuse or extended sources. The flux limits at the aimpoint for the soft (0.5-2keV) and hard (2-10keV) bands are 5.5x10^-17^erg/s/cm^2^ and 4.5x10^-16^erg/s/cm^2^, respectively. The total number of sources is 346; out of them, 307 were detected in the 0.5-2keV band, and 251 in the 2-10keV band. We also present optical identifications for the catalogued sources. Our primary optical data are R band imaging from VLT/FORS1 to a depth of R~26.5 (Vega). In regions of the field not covered by the VLT/FORS1 deep imaging, we use R-band data obtained with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the ESO-MPI 2.2 m telescope, as part of the ESO Imaging Survey (EIS), which cover the entire X-ray survey. We found that the FORS1/Chandra offsets are small, ~1". Coordinate cross-correlation finds 85% of the Chandra sources covered by FORS1 R to have counterparts within the 3{sigma} error box (>~1.5" depending on off-axis angle and X-ray signal-to-noise). The unidentified fraction of sources, approximately ~10%-15%, is close to the limit expected from the observed X-ray flux to R-band ratio distribution for the identified sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/II/253A
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field South: multi-colour data
- Short Name:
- II/253A
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Table 3 contains the object catalogue of the COMBO-17 CDFS field. The observations were carried out with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) at the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope on La Silla, Chile, between October 1999 and January 2001 in four independent observing runs. The field measures 31.5'x30', is centered on RA=03:32:25, DE=-27:48:50 and contains the Chandra Deep Field South. The table contains 63501 objects found on the deep R-band image cdfs_r.fit by SExtractor with S/N>3. The 5-{sigma} magnitude limit for point sources is Rmag=26.0. Morphological information from the SExtractor measurement is included. Multiple observations in different observing runs of six different filters allow the identification of variable objects. The table contains positions, flags and flux measurements in UBVRI and 12 optical medium-band filters. In addition, we include multi-colour classification, photometric redshifts, luminosity distances and a number of absolute restframe magnitudes in different filters (Johnson, Sloan, Bessell). cdfs_u.fit, cdfs_b.fit, cdfs_v.fit, cdfs_r.fit and cdfs_i.fit are coadded sumframes in UBVRI of the CDFS field. These sumframes are stacked from flat-fielded and cosmic-corrected individual images by applying only full pixel shifts. Therefore, the coordinate frames differ slightly between the images. The coordinates in Table 3 refer to image cdfs_r.fit. The images in BVRI are obtained from observations carried out in observing run D (Oct 1999, see also Note (11) in the byte-by-byte description of table3.dat) while the U-band image is obtained from observing run G (Jan 2001). The exposure times are 14400s (U), 5000s (B), 8400s (V), 15000s (R) and 7550s (I). The intensity levels are given in units of photons hitting the detector (already corrected for the gain of the CCD). The data included here supersede the table2.dat of the COMBO-17 published in 2001 (J/A+A/377/442)
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/155/271
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field-South: Optical spectroscopy
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/155/271
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of our spectroscopic follow-up program of the X-ray sources detected in the 942ks exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDFS). A total of 288 possible counterparts were observed at the VLT with the FORS1/FORS2 spectrographs for 251 of the 349 Chandra sources (including three additional faint X-ray sources). Spectra and R-band images are shown for all the observed sources and R-K colors are given for most of them. Spectroscopic redshifts were obtained for 168 X-ray sources, of which 137 have both reliable optical identification and redshift estimate (including 16 external identifications). The R<24 observed sample comprises 161 X-ray objects (181 optical counterparts), and 126 of them have unambiguous spectroscopic identification.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/377/442
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field South: R-band photometry
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/377/442
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Table2 is based on an object list that was created by applying SExtractor software to an R-band image coadded from 36 frames with 15070s total exposure time taken in October 1999 using the Wide Field Imager at the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope on La Silla, Chile. The field measures 31.5'x30', is centered on 03:32:25-27:48:50 and contains the Chandra Deep Field South. The average PSF is on the order of 0.75". The catalog contains 63501 objects found by SExtractor with S/N>3. It has not been cleaned for spurious detection of false objects arising from scattered light or diffraction spikes of extremely bright stars. Using this object list aperture magnitudes 'Bmag', 'Vmag' and 'Rmag' were measured on B-, V- and R-band images taken in October 1999. These are listed with its errors. Additionally an aperture magnitude 'R2mag' with its error is included that is taken from R-band imaging from February 2000 with an exposure time of 8440s taken in 21 frames, yielding a total exposure time in the R-band of 23510s=6.5h. The 10-sigma magnitude limits for point sources are Bmag=24.9, Vmag=24.6, Rmag=25.1 and R2mag=24.8. The aperture magnitudes were calculated by counting the flux in an aperture with a Gaussian weighting function of 1.3" width. The flux is scaled to the total flux expected for stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/228/2
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Field-South survey: 7Ms sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/228/2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present X-ray source catalogs for the ~7Ms exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), which covers a total area of 484.2arcmin^2^. Utilizing wavdetect for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for photometric extraction and significance assessment, we create a main source catalog containing 1008 sources that are detected in up to three X-ray bands: 0.5-7.0keV, 0.5-2.0keV, and 2-7keV. A supplementary source catalog is also provided, including 47 lower-significance sources that have bright (K_s_<=23) near-infrared counterparts. We identify multiwavelength counterparts for 992 (98.4%) of the main-catalog sources, and we collect redshifts for 986 of these sources, including 653 spectroscopic redshifts and 333 photometric redshifts. Based on the X-ray and multiwavelength properties, we identify 711 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the main-catalog sources. Compared to the previous ~4Ms CDF-S catalogs, 291 of the main-catalog sources are new detections. We have achieved unprecedented X-ray sensitivity with average flux limits over the central ~1arcmin^2^ region of ~1.9x10^-17^, 6.4x10^-18^, and 2.7x10^-17^erg/cm^2^/s in the three X-ray bands, respectively. We provide cumulative number-count measurements observing, for the first time, that normal galaxies start to dominate the X-ray source population at the faintest 0.5-2.0keV flux levels. The highest X-ray source density reaches ~50500deg^-2^, and 47%+/-4% of these sources are AGNs (~23900deg^-2^).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/400/299
- Title:
- Chandra deep protocluster survey
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/400/299
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present X-ray point-source catalogues for a deep ~400ks Chandra ACIS-I (Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer) exposure of the SSA22 field. The observations are centred on a z=3.09 protocluster, which is populated by Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), Ly{alpha} emitters (LAEs) and extended Ly{alpha}-emitting blobs (LABs). The survey reaches ultimate (3 count) sensitivity limits of ~5.7x10^-17^ and ~3.0x10^-16^erg/cm^2^/s for the 0.5-2 and 2-8keV bands, respectively (corresponding to L_2-10keV_~5.7x10^42^erg/s and L_10-30keV_~2.0x10^43^erg/s at z=3.09, respectively, for an assumed photon index of {GAMMA}=1.4). These limits make SSA22 the fourth deepest extragalactic Chandra survey yet conducted, and the only one focused on a known high-redshift structure. In total, we detect 297 X-ray point sources and identify one obvious bright extended X-ray source over a ~330arcmin^2^ region. In addition to our X-ray catalogues, we provide all available optical spectroscopic redshifts and near-infrared and mid-infrared photometry available for our sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/554/742
- Title:
- Chandra Deep Survey of the HDF-N
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/554/742
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A deep X-ray survey of the Hubble Deep Field-North (HDF-N) and its environs is performed using data collected by the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Currently a 221.9ks exposure is available, the deepest ever presented, and here we give results on X-ray sources located in the 8.6'x8.7' area covered by the Caltech Faint Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (the "Caltech area"). This area has (1) deep photometric coverage in several optical and near-infrared bands; (2) extensive coverage at radio, submillimeter, and mid-infrared wavelengths; and (3) some of the deepest and most complete spectroscopic coverage ever obtained. It is also where the X-ray data have the greatest sensitivity; the minimum detectable fluxes in the 0.5-2keV (soft) and 2-8keV (hard) bands are ~1.3x10^-16^ and ~6.5x10^-16^ergs/cm^2^/s, respectively.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/877/5
- Title:
- Chandra DF obscured & Compton-thick AGNs. I. Variability
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/877/5
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed X-ray spectral analysis of 1152 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected in the Chandra Deep Fields (CDFs), in order to identify highly obscured AGNs (N_H_>10^23^cm^-2^). By fitting spectra with physical models, 436 (38%) sources with L_X_>10^42^erg/s are confirmed to be highly obscured, including 102 Compton-thick (CT) candidates. We propose a new hardness ratio measure of the obscuration level that can be used to select highly obscured AGN candidates. The completeness and accuracy of applying this method to our AGNs are 88% and 80%, respectively. The observed log N-log S relation favors cosmic X-ray background models that predict moderate (i.e., between optimistic and pessimistic) CT number counts. Nineteen percent (6/31) of our highly obscured AGNs that have optical classifications are labeled as broad-line AGNs, suggesting that, at least for part of the AGN population, the heavy X-ray obscuration is largely a line-of-sight effect, i.e., some high column density clouds on various scales (but not necessarily a dust-enshrouded torus) along our sight line may obscure the compact X-ray emitter. After correcting for several observational biases, we obtain the intrinsic N_H_ distribution and its evolution. The CT/highly obscured fraction is roughly 52% and is consistent with no evident redshift evolution. We also perform long-term (~17yr in the observed frame) variability analyses for 31 sources with the largest number of counts available. Among them, 17 sources show flux variabilities: 31% (5/17) are caused by the change of N_H_, 53% (9/17) are caused by the intrinsic luminosity variability, 6% (1/17) are driven by both effects, and 2 are not classified owing to large spectral fitting errors.