- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/247/57
- Title:
- Compact bright radio-loud AGNs. III. VLBA 43GHz
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/247/57
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results from the 43GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 124 compact radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that were conducted between 2014 November and 2016 May. The typical dimensions of the restoring beam in each image are about 0.5masx0.2mas. The highest resolution of 0.2mas corresponds to a physical size of 0.02pc for the lowest redshift source in the sample. The 43GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images of 97 AGNs are presented for the first time. We study the source compactness on milliarcsecond and submilliarcsecond scales, and suggest that 95 sources in our sample are suitable for future space VLBI observations. By analyzing our data supplemented with other VLBA AGN surveys from the literature, we find that the core brightness temperature increases with increasing frequency below a break frequency ~7GHz, and decreases between ~7 and 240GHz but increases again above 240GHz in the rest frame of the sources. This indicates that the synchrotron opacity changes from optically thick to thin. We also find a strong statistical correlation between radio and {gamma}-ray flux densities. Our correlation is tighter than those in the literature derived from lower-frequency VLBI data, suggesting that the {gamma}-ray emission is produced more cospatially with the 43GHz VLBA core emission. This correlation can also be extrapolated to the unbeamed AGN population, implying that a universal {gamma}-ray production mechanism might be at work for all types of AGNs.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/855/33
- Title:
- Compact clouds in a sensitive GBT HI survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/855/33
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a new sensitive survey of neutral hydrogen above and below the Galactic Center with the Green Bank Telescope. The observations extend up to Galactic latitude |b|<10{deg} with an effective angular resolution of 9.5' and an average rms brightness temperature noise of 40mK in a 1km/s channel. The survey reveals the existence of a population of anomalous high-velocity clouds extending up to heights of about 1.5kpc from the Galactic plane and showing no signature of Galactic rotation. These clouds have local standard of rest velocities |V_LSR_|<~360km/s, and assuming a Galactic Center origin, they have sizes of a few tens of parsec and neutral hydrogen masses spanning 10-10^5^M_{sun}_. Accounting for selection effects, the cloud population is symmetric in longitude, latitude, and VLSR. We model the cloud kinematics in terms of an outflow expanding from the Galactic Center and find the population consistent with being material moving with radial velocity V_w_~330km/s distributed throughout a bicone with opening angle {alpha}>140{deg}. This simple model implies an outflow luminosity L_w_>3x10^40^erg/s over the past 10Myr, consistent with star formation feedback in the inner region of the Milky Way, with a cold gas mass-loss rate <~0.1M_{sun}_/yr. These clouds may represent the cold gas component accelerated in the nuclear wind driven by our Galaxy, although some of the derived properties challenge current theoretical models of the entrainment process.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/503/469
- Title:
- Compact clusters in LMC catalogue of stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/503/469
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The LMC is an ideal environment for studying stellar MFs, because it contains a large population of compact clusters at different evolutionary stages. We aim to obtain constraints on the initial MFs (IMFs) of our sample clusters on the basis of their present-day MFs, combined with our understanding of their dynamical and photometric evolution. We use Hubble Space Telescope photometry for six rich, compact star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), with ages ranging from 0.01 to 1.0Gyr, to derive the clusters' stellar mass functions (MFs) at their half-mass radii.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/651/A48
- Title:
- Compact disks CO isotopologues line fluxes
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/651/A48
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- ALMA disk surveys have shown that a large fraction of observed protoplanetary disks in nearby Star-Forming Regions (SFRs) are fainter than expected in CO isotopologue emission. Disks not detected in 13CO line emission are also faint and often unresolved in the continuum emission at an angular resolution of around 0.2 arcseconds. Focusing on the Lupus SFR, the aim of this work is to investigate whether this population comprises radially extended and low mass disks - as commonly assumed so far - or if it is of intrinsically radially compact disks, an interpretation that we propose in this paper. The latter scenario was already proposed for individual sources or small samples of disks, while this work targets a large population of disks in a single young SFR for which statistical arguments can be made. A new grid of physical-chemical models of compact disks has been run with the physical-chemical code DALI in order to cover a region of the parameter space that had not been explored before with this code. Such models have been compared with ^12^CO and ^13^CO ALMA observations of faint disks in the Lupus SFR. The simulated integrated continuum and CO isotopologue fluxes of the new grid of compact models are reported. Lupus disks that are not detected in ^13^CO emission and with faint or undetected 12CO emission are consistent with compact disk models. For disks with a limited radial extent, the emission of CO isotopologues is mostly optically thick and it scales with the surface area: i.e., it is fainter for smaller objects. The fraction of compact disks is potentially between roughly 50% and 60% of the entire Lupus sample. Deeper observations of ^12^CO and ^13^CO at a moderate angular resolution will allow us to distinguish whether faint disks are intrinsically compact, or if they are extended but faint, without the need of resolving them. If the fainter end of the disk population observed by ALMA disk surveys is consistent with such objects being very compact, this will either create a tension with viscous spreading or require MHD winds or external processes to truncate the disks.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/578/A134
- Title:
- Compact early-type galaxies in SDSS
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/578/A134
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Passive galaxies at high redshift are much smaller than equally massive early types today. If this size evolution is caused by stochastic merging processes, then a small fraction of the compact galaxies should persist until today. Up to now it has not been possible to systematically identify the existence of such objects in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We aim at finding potential survivors of these compact galaxies in SDSS, as targets for more detailed follow-up observations. From the virial theorem, it is expected that for a given mass, compact galaxies have stellar velocity dispersion higher than the mean owing to their smaller sizes. Therefore velocity dispersion, coupled with size (or mass), is an appropriate method of selecting relics, independent of the stellar population properties. Based on these considerations, we designed a set of criteria the use the distribution of early-type galaxies from SDSS on the log_10_(R_0_)-log_10_({sigma}_0_) plane to find the most extreme objects on it. We thus selected compact massive galaxy candidates by restricting them to high velocity dispersions {sigma}_0_>323.2km/s and small sizes R_0_<2.18kpc. We find 76 galaxies at 0.05<z<0.2, which have properties that are similar to the typical quiescent galaxies at high redshift. We discuss how these galaxies relate to average present-day early-type galaxies. We study how well these galaxies fit on well-known local universe relations of early-type galaxies, such as the fundamental plane, the red sequence, or mass-size relations. As expected from the selection criteria, the candidates are located in an extreme corner of the mass-size plane. However, they do not extend as deeply into the so-called zone of exclusion as some of the red nuggets found at high redshift, since they are a factor 2-3 less massive on a given intrinsic scale size. Several of our candidates are close to the size resolution limit of SDSS, but are not so small that they are classified as point sources. We find that our candidates are systematically offset on a scaling relation compared to the average early-type galaxies, but still within the general range of other early-type galaxies. Furthermore, our candidates are similar to the mass-size range expected for passive evolution of the red nuggets from their high redshift to the present. The 76 selected candidates form an appropriate set of objects for further follow-up observations. They do not constitute a separate population of peculiar galaxies, but form the extreme tail of a continuous distribution of early-type galaxies. We argue that selecting a high-velocity dispersion is the best way to find analogues of compact high redshift galaxies in the local universe.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/166/526
- Title:
- Compact extragalactic radio sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/166/526
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have used the Very Large Array to search for compact milliarcsecond-size radio sources near methanol masers in high-mass star-forming regions. Such sources are required for very long baseline Interferometry phase-referencing observations. We conducted pointed observations of 234 compact sources found in the NVSS survey and find 92 sources with unresolved components and synchrotron spectral indexes. These sources are likely the cores of AGNs and, thus, are good candidates for astrometric calibrators.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/441/224
- Title:
- Compact FIR-bright sources in M33
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/441/224
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a multiwavelength study of a sample of far-infrared (FIR) sources detected on the Herschel broad-band maps of the nearby galaxy M33. We perform source photometry on the FIR maps as well as mid-infrared (MIR), H{alpha}, far-ultraviolet and integrated Hi and CO line emission maps. By fitting MIR/FIR dust emission spectra, the source dust masses, temperatures and luminosities are inferred. The sources are classified based on their H{alpha} morphology (sub-structured versus not-substructured) and on whether they have a significant CO detection (S/N>3{sigma}). We find that the sources have dust masses in the range 10^2^-10^4^M_{sun}_ and that they present significant differences in their inferred dust/star formation/gas parameters depending on their H{alpha} morphology and CO detection classification. The results suggests differences in the evolutionary states or in the number of embedded HII regions between the sub-samples. The source background-subtracted dust emission seems to be predominantly powered by local star formation, as indicated by a strong correlation between the dust luminosity and the dust-corrected H{alpha} luminosity and the fact that the extrapolated young stellar luminosity is high enough to account for the observed dust emission. Finally, we do not find a strong correlation between the dust-corrected H{alpha} luminosity and the dust mass of the sources, consistent with previous results on the breakdown of simple scaling relations at sub-kpc scales. However, the scatter in the relation is significantly reduced by correcting the H{alpha} luminosity for the age of the young stellar populations in the star-forming regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/720/723
- Title:
- Compact galaxies in the local universe
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/720/723
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We set out to test the claim that the recently identified population of compact, massive, and quiescent galaxies at z~2.3 must undergo significant size evolution to match the properties of galaxies found in the local universe. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; Data Release 7), we have conducted a search for local red sequence galaxies with sizes and masses comparable to those found at z~2.3. The SDSS spectroscopic target selection algorithm excludes high surface brightness objects; we show that this makes incompleteness a concern for such massive, compact galaxies, particularly for low redshifts (z<~0.05). We have identified 63 M_*_>10^10.7^M_{sun}_ (~5x10^10^M_{sun}_) red sequence galaxies at 0.066<z_spec_<0.12 which are smaller than the median size-mass relation by a factor of 2 or more. Consistent with expectations from the virial theorem, the median offset from the mass-velocity dispersion relation for these galaxies is 0.12 dex. We do not, however, find any galaxies with sizes and masses comparable to those observed at z~2.3, implying a decrease in the comoving number density of these galaxies, at fixed size and mass, by a factor of >~5000. This result cannot be explained by incompleteness: in the 0.066<z<0.12 interval, we estimate that the SDSS spectroscopic sample should typically be >~75% complete for galaxies with the sizes and masses seen at high redshift, although for the very smallest galaxies it may be as low as ~20%. In order to confirm that the absence of such compact massive galaxies in SDSS is not produced by spectroscopic selection effects, we have also looked for such galaxies in the basic SDSS photometric catalog, using photometric redshifts. While we do find signs of a slight bias against massive, compact galaxies, this analysis suggests that the SDSS spectroscopic sample is missing at most a few objects in the regime we consider.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A157
- Title:
- Compact Groups in SDSSDR12
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A157
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A catalogue of compact groups identified on the SDSS DR12 is provided. Compact Groups were identified in redshift space with a modified Hickson-like algorithm. The catalogue comprises 462 compact groups of which 406 clearly fulfil all the compact group requirements: compactness, isolation and velocity concordance of all of their members. The remaining 56 groups need further redshift information of potentially contaminating sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/391/35
- Title:
- Compact Groups in the UZC galaxy sample
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/391/35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Applying an automatic neighbour search algorithm to the 3D UZC galaxy catalogue (Falco et al., 1999, Cat. <J/PASP/111/438>) we have identified 291 compact groups (CGs) with radial velocity between 1000 and 10000km/s. The sample is analysed to investigate whether Triplets display kinematical and morphological characteristics similar to higher order CGs (Multiplets). It is found that Triplets constitute low velocity dispersion structures, have a gas-rich galaxy population and are typically retrieved in sparse environments. Conversely Multiplets show higher velocity dispersion, include few gas-rich members and are generally embedded structures. Evidence hence emerges indicating that Triplets and Multiplets, though sharing a common scale, correspond to different galaxy systems. Triplets are typically field structures whilst Multiplets are mainly subclumps (either temporarily projected or collapsing) within larger structures. Simulations show that selection effects can only partially account for differences, but significant contamination of Triplets by field galaxy interlopers could eventually induce the observed dependences on multiplicity.