- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASP/128/G4502
- Title:
- False alarms in Kepler planet candidate cat.
- Short Name:
- J/PASP/128/G4502
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new automated method to identify instrumental features masquerading as small, long-period planets in the Kepler planet candidate catalog. These systematics, mistakenly identified as planet transits, can have a strong impact on occurrence rate calculations because they cluster in a region of parameter space where Kepler's sensitivity to planets is poor. We compare individual transit-like events to a variety of models of real transits and systematic events and use a Bayesian information criterion to evaluate the likelihood that each event is real. We describe our technique and test its performance on simulated data. Results from this technique are incorporated in the Kepler Q1-Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog of Coughlin et al. (2016, Cat. J/ApJS/224/12)
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/738/170
- Title:
- False positive Kepler planet candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/738/170
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a framework to conservatively estimate the probability that any particular planet-like transit signal observed by the Kepler mission is in fact a planet, prior to any ground-based follow-up efforts. We use Monte Carlo methods based on stellar population synthesis and Galactic structure models, and report false positive probabilities (FPPs) for every Kepler Object of Interest, assuming a 20% intrinsic occurrence rate of close-in planets in the radius range 0.5R_{earth}_<R_p_<20R_{earth}_. Nearly 90% of the 1235 candidates have FPP<10%, and over half have FPP<5%. This probability varies with the magnitude and Galactic latitude of the target star, and with the depth of the transit signal - deeper signals generally have higher FPPs than shallower signals. We establish that a single deep high-resolution image will be an effective follow-up tool for the shallowest (Earth-sized) transits, providing the quickest route toward probabilistically validating the smallest candidates by potentially decreasing the FPP of an Earth-sized transit around a faint star from >10% to <1%. Since Kepler has detected many more planetary signals than can be positively confirmed with ground-based follow-up efforts in the near term, these calculations will be crucial to using the ensemble of Kepler data to determine population characteristics of planetary systems. We also describe how our analysis complements the Kepler team's more detailed BLENDER false positive analysis for planet validation.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/822/86
- Title:
- False positive probabilities for Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/822/86
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present astrophysical false positive probability calculations for every Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) --the first large-scale demonstration of a fully automated transiting planet validation procedure. Out of 7056 KOIs, we determine that 1935 have probabilities vespa (Morton T.D. 2015ascl.soft03011M), a publicly available Python package that is able to be easily applied to any transiting exoplanet candidate.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/360/1345
- Title:
- F- and G-type stars in solar neighbourhood
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/360/1345
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A new metallicity distribution and an age-metallicity relation are presented for 437 nearby F and G turn-off and sub-giant stars selected from radial velocity data of Nidever et al. (2002, Cat. J/ApJS/141/503). Photometric metallicities are derived from uvby-H{beta} photometry, and the stellar ages from the isochrones of Bergbusch & VandenBerg (2001ApJ...556..322B) as transformed to uvby photometry using the methods of Clem et al. (2004, Cat. J/AJ/127/1227).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A5
- Title:
- Faraday cubes Fields A B and C
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/654/A5
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Faraday tomography of a field centred on the extragalactic point source 3C 196 with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) revealed an intertwined structure of diffuse polarised emission with straight depolarisation canals and tracers of the magnetized and multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM), such as dust and line emission from atomic hydrogen (HI). This study aims at extending the multi-tracer analysis of LOFAR data to three additional fields in the surroundings of the 3C 196 field. For the first time, we study the three-dimensional structure of the LOFAR emission by determining the distance to the depolarisation canals. We use the Rolling Hough Transform to compare the orientation of the depolarisation canals with that of the filamentary structure seen in HI and, based on starlight and dust polarisation data, with that of the plane-of-the-sky magnetic field. Stellar parallaxes from Gaia complement the starlight polarisation with the corresponding distances. Faraday tomography of the three fields shows a rich network of diffuse polarised emission at Faraday depths between -10rad/m^2^ and +15rad/m^2^. A complex system of straight depolarisation canals resembles that of the 3C 196 field. The depolarisation canals align both with the HI filaments and with the magnetic field probed by dust. The observed alignment suggests that an ordered magnetic field organises the multiphase ISM over a large area (~20{deg}). In one field, two groups of stars at distances below and above 200pc, respectively, show distinct magnetic-field orientations. These are both comparable with the orientations of the depolarisation canals in the same field. We conclude that the depolarisation canals likely trace the same change of the magnetic field as probed by the stars, which corresponds to the edge of the Local Bubble.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/714/1170
- Title:
- Faraday rotation at high Galactic latitude
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/714/1170
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a study of the vertical magnetic field of the Milky Way toward the Galactic poles, determined from observations of Faraday rotation toward more than 1000 polarized extragalactic radio sources at Galactic latitudes |b|>=77{deg}, using the Westerbork Radio Synthesis Telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We find median rotation measures (RMs) of 0.0+/-0.5rad/m^2^ and +6.3+/-0.7rad/m^2^ toward the north and south Galactic poles, respectively, demonstrating that there is no coherent vertical magnetic field in the Milky Way at the Sun's position. If this is a global property of the Milky Way's magnetism, then the lack of symmetry across the disk rules out pure dipole or quadrupole geometries for the Galactic magnetic field. The angular fluctuations in RM seen in our data show no preferred scale within the range ~0.1{deg} to ~25{deg}. The observed standard deviation in RM of ~9rad/m^2^ then implies an upper limit of ~1uG on the strength of the random magnetic field in the warm ionized medium at high Galactic latitudes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/795/63
- Title:
- Faraday rotation from magnesium II absorbers
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/795/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Strong singly ionized magnesium (Mg II) absorption lines in quasar spectra typically serve as a proxy for intervening galaxies along the line of sight. Previous studies have found a correlation between the number of these Mg II absorbers and the Faraday rotation measure (RM) at ~5 GHz. We cross-match a sample of 35752 optically identified non-intrinsic Mg II absorption systems with 25649 polarized background radio sources for which we have measurements of both the spectral index and RM at 1.4 GHz. We use the spectral index to split the resulting sample of 599 sources into flat-spectrum and steep-spectrum subsamples. We find that our flat-spectrum sample shows significant (~3.5{sigma}) evidence for a correlation between Mg II absorption and RM at 1.4 GHz, while our steep-spectrum sample shows no such correlation. We argue that such an effect cannot be explained by either luminosity or other observational effects, by evolution in another confounding variable, by wavelength-dependent polarization structure in an active galactic nucleus, by the Galactic foreground, by cosmological expansion, or by partial coverage models. We conclude that our data are most consistent with intervenors directly contributing to the Faraday rotation along the line of sight, and that the intervening systems must therefore have coherent magnetic fields of substantial strength (B{bar}=1.8+/-0.4{mu}G). Nevertheless, the weak nature of the correlation will require future high-resolution and broadband radio observations in order to place it on a much firmer statistical footing.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/707/114
- Title:
- Faraday rotation in Cen A
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/707/114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of an Australia Telescope Compact Array 1.4GHz spectropolarimetric aperture synthesis survey of 34deg^2^ centered on Centaurus A-NGC 5128. A catalog of 1005 extragalactic compact radio sources in the field to a continuum flux density of 3mJy/beam is provided along with a table of Faraday rotation measures (RMs) and linear polarized intensities for the 28% of sources with high signal to noise in linear polarization. We use the ensemble of 281 background polarized sources as line-of-sight probes of the structure of the giant radio lobes of Centaurus A. This is the first time such a method has been applied to radio galaxy lobes and we explain how it differs from the conventional methods that are often complicated by depth and beam depolarization effects. Assuming a magnetic field strength in the lobes of 1.3B1uG, where B1=1 is implied by equipartition between magnetic fields and relativistic particles, the upper limit we derive on the maximum possible difference between the average RM of 121 sources behind Centaurus A and the average RM of the 160 sources along sightlines outside Centaurus A implies an upper limit on the volume-averaged thermal plasma density in the giant radio lobes of <ne><5x10^-5^B1^-1^cm^-3^. We use an RM structure function analysis and report the detection of a turbulent RM signal, with rms=17rad/m^2^ and scale size 0.3deg, associated with the southern giant lobe. We cannot verify whether this signal arises from turbulent structure throughout the lobe or only in a thin skin (or sheath) around the edge, although we favor the latter. The RM signal is modeled as possibly arising from a thin skin with a thermal plasma density equivalent to the Centaurus intragroup medium density and a coherent magnetic field that reverses its sign on a spatial scale of 20kpc. For a thermal density of n1 10^-3^cm^-3^, the skin magnetic field strength is 0.8n1^-1^uG.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/467/1776
- Title:
- Faraday rotation in Magellanic Bridge
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/467/1776
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an investigation into the magnetism of the Magellanic Bridge, carried out through the observation of Faraday rotation towards 167 polarized extragalactic radio sources spanning the continuous frequency range of 1.3-3.1GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Comparing measured Faraday depth values of sources 'on' and 'off' the Bridge, we find that the two populations are implicitly different. Assuming that this difference in populations is due to a coherent field in the Magellanic Bridge, the observed Faraday depths indicate a median line-of-sight coherent magnetic-field strength of B||~=0.3uG directed uniformly away from us. Motivated by the varying magnitude of Faraday depths of sources on the Bridge, we speculate that the coherent field observed in the Bridge is a consequence of the coherent magnetic fields from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds being pulled into the tidal feature. This is the first observation of a coherent magnetic field spanning the entirety of the Magellanic Bridge and we argue that this is a direct probe of a 'pan-Magellanic' field.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Galax/7.43
- Title:
- Faraday rotation of extended emission
- Short Name:
- J/other/Galax/7.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Galactic magnetic field is an integral constituent of the interstellar medium (ISM), and knowledge of its structure is crucial to understanding Galactic dynamics. The Rotation Measures (RM) of extragalactic (EG) sources have been the basis of comprehensive Galactic magnetic field models. Polarised extended emission (XE) is also seen along lines of sight through the Galactic disk, and also displays the effects of Faraday rotation. Our aim is to investigate and understand the relationship between EG and XE RMs near the Galactic plane, and to determine how the XE RMs, a hitherto unused resource, can be used as a probe of the large-scale Galactic magnetic field. We used polarisation data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS), observed near 1420 MHz with the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) Synthesis Telescope. We calculated RMs from a linear fit to the polarisation angles as a function of wavelength squared in four frequency channels, for both the EG sources and the XE. Across the CGPS area, l=55 to l=193 degrees, b=-3 to b=5 degrees, the RMs of the XE closely track the RMs of the EG sources, with XE RMs about half the value of EG-source RMs. The exceptions are places where large local HII complexes heavily depolarise more distant emission. We conclude that there is valuable information in the XE RM dataset. The factor of 2 between the two types of RM values is close to that expected from a Burn slab model of the ISM. This result indicates that, at least in the outer Galaxy, the EG and XE sources are likely probing similar depths, and that the Faraday rotating medium and the synchrotron emitting medium have similar variation with galactocentric distance.