- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/722/L7
- Title:
- Fermi/LAT detected MOJAVE AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/722/L7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the detection of a non-zero time delay between radio emission measured by the VLBA at 15.4GHz and {gamma}-ray radiation ({gamma}-ray leads radio) registered by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope for a sample of 183 radio and {gamma}-ray bright active galactic nuclei. For the correlation analysis, we used 0.1-100GeV {gamma}-ray photon fluxes, taken from monthly binned measurements from the first Fermi LAT catalog (1FGL; Abdo et al. 2010, Cat. J/ApJS/188/405), and 15.4GHz radio flux densities from the MOJAVE VLBA program (Lister et al. 2009, Cat. J/AJ/137/3718). The correlation is most pronounced if the core flux density is used, strongly indicating that the {gamma}-ray emission is generated within the compact region of the 15GHz VLBA core. Determining the Pearson's r and Kendall's {tau} correlation coefficients for different time lags, we find that for the majority of sources the radio/{gamma}-ray delay ranges from 1 to 8 months in the observer's frame and peaks at approximately 1.2 months in the source's frame. We interpret the primary source of the time delay to be synchrotron opacity in the nuclear region.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/188/405
- Title:
- Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/188/405
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), during the first 11 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. The First Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL) contains 1451 sources detected and characterized in the 100MeV to 100GeV range. Source detection was based on the average flux over the 11 month period, and the threshold likelihood Test Statistic is 25, corresponding to a significance of just over 4{sigma}. The 1FGL catalog includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and power-law spectral fits as well as flux measurements in five energy bands for each source. In addition, monthly light curves are provided. Using a protocol defined before launch we have tested for several populations of gamma-ray sources among the sources in the catalog. For individual LAT-detected sources we provide firm identifications or plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs. Identifications are based on correlated variability with counterparts at other wavelengths, or on spin or orbital periodicity. For the catalogs and association criteria that we have selected, 630 of the sources are unassociated. Care was taken to characterize the sensitivity of the results to the model of interstellar diffuse gamma-ray emission used to model the bright foreground, with the result that 161 sources at low Galactic latitudes and toward bright local interstellar clouds are flagged as having properties that are strongly dependent on the model or as potentially being due to incorrectly modeled structure in the Galactic diffuse emission.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/771/57
- Title:
- Fermi-LAT flaring gamma-ray sources from FAVA
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/771/57
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper, we present the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool to systematically study the variability of the gamma-ray sky measured by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. For each direction on the sky, FAVA compares the number of gamma-rays observed in a given time window to the number of gamma-rays expected for the average emission detected from that direction. This method is used in weekly time intervals to derive a list of 215 flaring gamma-ray sources. We proceed to discuss the 27 sources found at Galactic latitudes smaller than 10{deg} and show that, despite their low latitudes, most of them are likely of extragalactic origin.
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilac
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Fourth AGN Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILAC
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This is the third update to the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). This version (4LAC-DR3) derives from the third data release of the 4FGL catalog based on 12 years of gamma-ray data with energies greater than 50 MeV. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions (SEDs), yearly light curves, and associations have been updated for all sources. The catalog contains includes 3407 AGN located at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 10 degrees). This database table was first ingested by the HEASARC in February 2010. It was last updated (to the 4LAC-DR3 version) in June 2023 using electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). That data is available at <a href="https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/4LACDR3/">https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/4LACDR3/</a>. Note that this table does not contain the low-latitude sources given in a separate file there, which are not formally a part of the catalog. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilblaz
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Gamma-Ray Blazar Classification Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILBLAZ
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This database table contains a catalog of classifications for blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCU) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope gamma-ray instrument. These classifications have been determined by an Artificial Neural Network machine learning method. The aim of the authors' study was to develop an optimized version of this Artificial Neural Network machine learning method for classifying these blazar candidates. The final result of this study increased the classification performance by about 80% with respect to the method previously used for the classification of uncertain blazars in Chiaro et al. (<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.462.3180C">2016MNRAS.462.3180C</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/462/3180/">CDS Cat. J/MNRAS/462/3180</a>), leaving only 15 unclassified blazars out of 573 blazar candidates of uncertain type listed in the Fermi LAT 4-Year Source Catalog. Looking beyond the gamma-ray features of blazars, interesting information can be obtained from a multiwavelength study of the sources and particularly from X-ray and radio flux. In this study the authors tested the possibility to use those two parameters to improve the performance of the network. They did not consider any optical spectroscopy data because, when considering uncertain sources, optical spectra are very often not available or not sufficiently descriptive of the nature of the source. The gamma-ray flux was obtained by adding five time-integrated fluxes in five bands (0.1-0.3, 0.3-1, 1-3, 3-10, 10-100 GeV) from the <a href="/W3Browse/fermi/fermi3fgl.html">3FGL Catalog</a> (Acero et al. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJS..218...23A">2015ApJS..218...23A</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/218/23/">CDS Cat. J/ApJS/218/23</a>). Radio and X-ray data were obtained from the Fermi LAT 4-Year AGN Catalog 3LAC (Ackermann et al. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...810...14A">2015ApJ...810...14A</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/810/14/">CDS Cat. J/ApJ/810/14</a>). Radio fluxes used were measured at frequencies of 1.4 and 0.8 GHz; the X-ray fluxes were measured in the 0.1-2.4keV range. The complete list of 567 classified BCUs is presented in this table in which sources are ordered by increasing likelihood of a source being a BL Lac. This database table was ingested by the HEASARC in May 2023 based upon the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/490/4770">CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/490/4770</a> file table1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilhesc
- Title:
- Fermi LAT High-Energy Source Catalog (1FHL)
- Short Name:
- FERMILHESC
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains the catalog of gamma-ray sources at energies above 10 GeV based on data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) accumulated during the first 3 years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of > 10 GeV sources (1FHL) has 514 sources. For each source, the authors present location, spectrum, a measure of variability,and associations with cataloged sources at other wavelengths. They found that 449 (87%) could be associated with known sources, of which 393 (76% of the 1FHL sources) are active galactic nuclei. Of the 27 sources associated with known pulsars, they find 20 (12) to have significant pulsations in the range > 10 GeV (> 25 GeV). In this work, the authors also report that, at energies above 10 GeV, unresolved sources account for 27% +/- 8% of the isotropic gamma-ray background, while the unresolved Galactic population contributes only at the few percent level to the Galactic diffuse background. The authors also highlight the subset of the 1FHL sources that are the best candidates for detection at energies above 50 - 100 GeV with current and future ground-based gamma-ray observatories. The time interval analyzed here is from the beginning of Fermi LAT science operations on 2008 August 4 (MET 239557447) to 2011 August 1 (MET 333849586), covering very nearly 3 years. In this work, the authors analyze gamma rays with energies in the range 10-500 GeV. To limit the contamination from gamma rays produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the upper atmosphere, gamma rays with zenith angles greater than 105 degrees were excluded. To further reduce the residual gamma rays from the upper atmosphere only data for time periods when the spacecraft rocking angle was less than 52 degrees were considered. See Section 2 of the reference paper for further explanations. This table was created by the HEASARC in April 2015 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/209/34/">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/209/34/</a> files table3.dat and table7.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/643/A103
- Title:
- Fermi-LATi sources low-energy counterparts
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/643/A103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A significant fraction of all gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi satellite is still lacking a low-energy counterpart. In addition, there is still a large population of gamma-ray sources with associated low-energy counterparts that lack firm classifications. In the last 10 years we have undertaken an optical spectroscopic campaign to address the problem of unassociated or unidentified gamma-ray sources (UGSs), mainly devoted to observing blazars and blazar candidates because they are the largest population of gamma-ray sources associated to date. Here we describe the overall impact of our optical spectroscopic campaign on sources associated in Fermi-LAT catalogs, coupled with objects found in the literature. In the literature search we kept track of efforts by different teams that presented optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of Fermi-LAT catalog sources. Our summary includes an analysis of additional 30 newly collected optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of Fermi-LAT sources of a previously unknown nature. Methods. New spectra were acquired at the Blanco 4m and OAN-SPM 2.1m telescopes, and those available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (data release 15) archive. All new sources with optical spectra analyzed here are classified as blazars. Thanks to our campaign, altogether we discovered and classified 394 targets with an additional 123 objects collected from a literature search. We began our optical spectroscopic campaign between the release of the second and third Fermi-LAT source catalogs (2FGL and 3FGL, respectively), classified about 25% of the sources that had uncertain nature and discovered a blazar-like potential counterpart for ~10% of UGSs listed therein. In the 4FGL catalog, about 350 Fermi-LAT sources have been classified to date thanks to our campaign. The most elusive class of blazars are found to be BL Lacs since the largest fraction of Fermi-LAT sources targeted in our observations showed a featureless optical spectrum. The same conclusion applied to the literature spectra. Finally, we confirm the high reliability of mid-IR color-based methods to select blazar-like candidate counterparts of unassociated or unidentified gamma-ray sources.
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermiltrns
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Long-Term Transient Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILTRNS
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The First Catalog of Long-Term Transient Sources detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) comprises of 142 unique, transient sources that were detected on monthly time intervals during Fermi-LAT operations. The monthly time scale allows to identify transient and variable sources that were not yet reported in other Fermi-LAT catalogs. The monthly datasets were analyzed using a wavelet-based source detection algorithm that provided the candidate new transient sources. The search was limited to the extragalactic regions of the sky to avoid the dominance of the Galactic diffuse emission at low Galactic latitudes. The transient candidates were then analyzed using the standard Fermi-LAT maximum likelihood analysis method. All sources detected with a statistical significance above 4 sigma in at least one monthly bin were listed in the final catalog. This database table was ingested by the HEASARC in September 2021 and is based upon file downloaded from the Space Science Data Center (SSDC) Fermi-1FLT <a href="https://www.ssdc.asi.it/fermi1flt/">website</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermille
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Low-Energy Events Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILLE
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- LAT Low-Energy events (LLE) are automatically produced for each GBM GRB in the GBM Trigger Catalog if the GBM GRB has a position within 90 degrees of the LAT boresight. LLE data are generated for a given position in the sky (RA, DEC) and for a given interval of time (T0, T1) corresponding to the GBM Burst. The standard LLE selection applied to the downloaded events is the following: (FswGamState==0 && TkrNumTracks>0 && (GltEngine==6 || GltEngine==7) && EvtEnergyCorr > 0) && (FT1ZenithTheta<90.0) && (FT1Theta<=90.0) && (((cos(FT1Dec*0.0174533)*(FT1Ra - (RA)))<sup>2</sup> + (FT1Dec - (DEC))<sup>2</sup>) < PSF(EvtEnergyCorr, Theta) where <pre> * FswGamState is the status of the Flight Sofware Gamma filter. We require that the event is a gamma-ray (FswGamState==0). * TkrNumTracks is the number of tracks in the tracker. We require that there is at least one track. This requires the event to have a reconstructed direction. * GltEngine is the status of the <a href="https://oraweb.slac.stanford.edu/pls/slacquery/DOCUMENTS.DetailedIndex?PROJECT=GLAST&P_DOC_ID=776972">Global LAT Trigger</a>. We require that GltEngine equals 6 or 7, which corresponds to taking all the events that trigger in the tracker TKR but did not have a region of interest (ROI) associated (GltEngine 7) or all the events that pass the CalHI (at least 1 GeV in one crystal). * EvtEnergyCorr is the best estimation of the reconstructed energy, especially at low energy. * Theta is the reconstructed source direction (Theta) with respect the LAT boresight. * PSF(EvtEnergyCorr, Theta) represents the functional form of the containment radius of the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the LAT. </pre> The exact cut used to select the events is saved in the keyword LLECUT in the primary header of each LLE file. If the GBM catalog position of the burst is updated (due to a refined localization from LAT or Swift or from subsequent on ground analysis), the LLE data are automatically updated and new versions of the LLE files are produced. In some cases, LLE data are manually generated (using a better localization which may or may not have been used in the GBM Trigger Catalog). For each updated position, the version of the corresponding LLE files increases by one. There are six FITS files provided for each entry: the LLE event file, the time-binned spectrum (CSPEC) file, the CSPEC response (RSP) file, and the extracted burst spectrum (the PHA-I file) for the entire duration of the burst, an LLE event file with same time cut as the RSP and PHA-I files, and a LAT pointing and livetime history file. There are six FITS files provided for each entry: the LLE event file (gll_lle_bnNNNNNNNNN_vMM.fit), the time-binned spectrum (CSPEC) file (gll_cspec_bnNNNNNNNNN_vMM.pha), the CSPEC response (RSP) file (gll_cspec _bnNNNNNNNNN_vMM.rsp), and the extracted burst spectrum (the PHA-I file) for the entire duration of the burst (gll_pha_bnNNNNNNNNN_vMM.fit), an LLE event file with same time cut as the RSP and PHA-I files (gll_selected_bnNNNNNNNNN_vMM.fit), and a LAT pointing and livetime history file (gll_pt_bnNNNNNNNNN_vMM.fit). The LLE event file format is similar to the LAT photon file format with some exceptions. Because the LLE data are tightly connected to a particular object (position and time), the FITS keyword OBJECT has been added to the file. Generally, OBJECT will correspond to the entry of the GBM Trigger Catalog used to generate LLE data and corresponds to the "name" column in the FERMILLE table (and in the GBM Trigger Catalog table). For similar reasons, the position of the object used to select LLE file is written in the header of each extension of each LLE file. PROC_VER corresponds to the iteration of the analysis of LLE data. PASS_VER corresponds to the iteration for the reconstruction and the general event classification (Pass6, Pass7, etc.). VERSION corresponds to the version of the LLE product for this particular event. The update of a location of a GRB will increase the number of VERSION in the file, but will leave the PASS_VER and PROC_VER unchanged. The CSPEC file is obtained from directly binning the TTE files. It provides a series of spectra, accumulated every second, from -1000 to 1000 seconds around the burst. Each spectrum is binned in 50 energy channels, ranging typically from 10 MeV to 100 GeV. The format of the CSPEC file is tailored to satisfy rmfit standards, and it is not directly usable in XSPEC. The CSPEC Response file (the RSP file) is the detector response matrix calculated from Monte Carlo simulation, and it corresponds to a single response matrix for each Gamma-Ray Burst or Solar Flare. The PHA-I file contains the count spectrum. The PHA-I file is created from the same time interval used to compute the response matrix. The selected events file is identical to the LLE event file with an additional time selection applied to match the cut used to compute response matrix and PHA-I files. The LAT pointing and livetime history file is identical to the standard LAT file but with entries every second (instead of every 30 seconds). It spans 4600 seconds before and 4600 after the trigger time. The information in this table is provided by the Fermi LAT Instrument Science Operations Center (LISOC) and the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilasp
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Monitored Source List
- Short Name:
- FERMILASP
- Date:
- 27 Sep 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi LAT table of monitored sources provides daily and weekly fluxes for sources of interest as described in <a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/policy/LAT_Monitored_Sources.html">http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/policy/LAT_Monitored_Sources.html</a>. In addition, similar information will be released for any source which flares above 2x10<sup>-6</sup> photons cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> until the flux drops below 2x10<sup>-7</sup> photons cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. Fermi is currently in survey mode and observes the entire sky every day. However, if a source does not exceed the detection threshold, no entry will appear in this catalog. The tabulated fluxes are derived at the LAT Instrument Science Operations center in a 'quick look' analysis to produce results quickly to facilitate follow-up multi-wavelength observations of flaring sources. The table of released fluxes will be updated as analysis and calibrations improve. <b>These early flux estimates do not include systematic uncertainties and do not</b> <b>have an absolute flux calibration</b>. Use of these data as absolute flux measurements for constraining models or for comparison to other data is strongly discouraged at this time. In addition to overall normalization uncertainties, source fluxes may have variations of up to 10% due to currently-uncorrected dependencies of the gamma-ray detection efficiency on variations of the particle background in orbit. Please note that these results are produced using preliminary instrument response functions and calibrations. The quality and stability of these results will improve when updated calibrations become available over the coming months. This database table is created by the HEASARC from FITS tables received from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). The ASP FITS files are produced by the LAT Instrument Science Operations Center (LISOC) and transferred from the LISOC to the FSSC about once per week. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .