- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/616/A12
- Title:
- Gaia DR2 sources in GC and dSph
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/616/A12
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the outstanding quality of the second data release of the Gaia mission and its power for constraining many different aspects of the dynamics of the satellites of the Milky Way. We focus here on determining the proper motions of 75 Galactic globular clusters, nine dwarf spheroidal galaxies, one ultra-faint system, and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Using data extracted from the Gaia archive, we derived the proper motions and parallaxes for these systems, as well as their uncertainties. We demonstrate that the errors, statistical and systematic, are relatively well understood. We integrated the orbits of these objects in three different Galactic potentials, and characterised their properties. We present the derived proper motions, space velocities, and characteristic orbital parameters in various tables to facilitate their use by the astronomical community. Our limited and straightforward analyses have allowed us for example to (i) determine absolute and very precise proper motions for globular clusters; (ii) detect clear rotation signatures in the proper motions of at least five globular clusters; (iii) show that the satellites of the Milky Way are all on high-inclination orbits, but that they do not share a single plane of motion; (iv) derive a lower limit for the mass of the Milky Way of 9.8^+6.7^_-2.7_x10^11^M_{sun}_ based on the assumption that the Leo~I dwarf spheroidal is bound; (v) derive a rotation curve for the Large Magellanic Cloud based solely on proper motions that is competitive with line-of-sight velocity curves, now using many orders of magnitude more sources; and (vi) unveil the dynamical effect of the bar on the motions of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. All these results highlight the incredible power of the Gaia astrometric mission, and in particular of its second data release.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/620/A128
- Title:
- Gaia DR2 study of Herbig Ae/Be stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/620/A128
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2, Cat. I/345) to place 252 Herbig Ae/Be stars in the HR diagram and investigate their characteristics and properties. For all known Herbig Ae/Be stars with parallaxes in Gaia DR2, we collected their atmospheric parameters and photometric and extinction values from the literature. To these data we added near- and mid-infrared photometry, collected Halpha emission line properties such as equivalent widths and line profiles, and their binarity status. In addition, we developed a photometric variability indicator from Gaia's DR2 information. We provide masses, ages, luminosities, distances, photometric variabilities and infrared excesses homogeneously derived for the most complete sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars to date. We find that high mass stars have a much smaller infrared excess and have much lower optical variabilities compared to lower mass stars, with the break at around 7M_{sun}_. Halpha emission is generally correlated with infrared excess, with the correlation being stronger for infrared emission at wavelengths tracing the hot dust closest to the star. The variability indicator as developed by us shows that approximately 25% of all Herbig Ae/Be stars are strongly variable. We observe that the strongly variable objects display doubly peaked Halpha line profiles, indicating an edge-on disk. The fraction of strongly variable Herbig Ae stars is close to that found for A-type UX Ori stars. It had been suggested that this variability is in most cases due to asymmetric dusty disk structures seen edge-on. The observation here is in strong support of this hypothesis. Finally, the difference in dust properties occurs at 7M_{sun}_, while various properties traced at UV/optical wavelengths differ at a lower mass, 3M_{sun}_. The latter has been linked to different accretion mechanisms at work whereas the differing infrared properties and photometric variabilities are related to different or differently acting (dust-)disk dispersal mechanisms.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/138
- Title:
- 68 Gaia DR2 ultra-short-period planet host stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/160/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- It has been unambiguously shown both in individual systems and at the population level that hot Jupiters experience tidal inspiral before the end of their host stars main-sequence lifetimes. Ultra-short-period (USP) planets have orbital periods P<1 day, rocky compositions, and are expected to experience tidal decay on similar timescales to hot Jupiters if the efficiency of tidal dissipation inside their host stars parameterized as Q_*_' is independent of P and/or secondary mass M_p_. Any difference between the two classes of systems would reveal that a model with constant Q_*_' is insufficient. If USP planets experience tidal inspiral, then USP planet systems will be relatively young compared to similar stars without USP planets. Because it is a proxy for relative age, we calculate the Galactic velocity dispersions of USP planet candidate host and non-host stars using data from Gaia Data Release 2 supplemented with ground-based radial velocities. We find that main-sequence USP planet candidate host stars have kinematics consistent with similar stars in the Kepler field without observed USP planets. This indicates that USP planet hosts have similar ages to field stars and that USP planets do not experience tidal inspiral during the main-sequence lifetimes of their host stars. The survival of USP planets requires that Q_*_'>~10^7^ at P~0.7day and M_p_~2.6M{Earth}. This result demands that Q_*_' depend on the orbital period and/or mass of the secondary in the range 0.5day<~P<~5days and 1M{Earth}<~M_p_<~1000M{sun}.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/618/A12
- Title:
- Gaia DR1 Upper Scorpius new member candidates
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/618/A12
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Selecting a cluster in proper motion space is an established method for identifying members of a star forming region. The first data release from Gaia (DR1) provides an extremely large and precise stellar catalogue, which when combined with the Tycho-2 catalogue gives the 2.5 million parallaxes and proper motions contained within the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). We aim to identify new member candidates of the nearby Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius-Centaurus Complex within the TGAS catalogue. In doing so, we also aim to validate the use of the DBSCAN clustering algorithm on spatial and kinematic data as a robust member selection method. We constructed a method for member selection using a density-based clustering algorithm (DBSCAN) applied over proper motion and distance. We then applied this method to Upper Scorpius, and evaluated the results and performance of the method. We identified 167 member candidates of Upper Scorpius, of which 78 are new, distributed within a 10{deg} radius from its core. These member candidates have a mean distance of 145.6+/-7.5pc, and a mean proper motion of (-11.4, -23.5)+/-(0.7, 0.4)mas/yr. These values are consistent with measured distances and proper motions of previously identified bona-fide members of the Upper Scorpius association.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A110
- Title:
- Gaia DR2. Variable stars in CMD
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/623/A110
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G<~21mag. We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD).We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variability that is due to rotation and eclipses. We describe the locations of variable star classes, variable object fractions, and typical variability amplitudes throughout the CaMD and show how variability-related changes in colour and brightness induce 'motions'. To do this, we use 22 months of calibrated photometric, spectro-photometric, and astrometric Gaia data of stars with a significant parallax. To ensure that a large variety of variable star classes populate the CaMD, we crossmatched Gaia sources with known variable stars. We also used the statistics and variability detection modules of the Gaia variability pipeline. Corrections for interstellar extinction are not implemented in this article. Gaia enables the first investigation of Galactic variable star populations in the CaMD on a similar, if not larger, scale as was previously done in the Magellanic Clouds. Although the observed colours are not corrected for reddening, distinct regions are visible in which variable stars occur. We determine variable star fractions to within the current detection thresholds of Gaia. Finally, we report the most complete description of variability-induced motion within the CaMD to date. Gaia enables novel insights into variability phenomena for an unprecedented number of stars, which will benefit the understanding of stellar astrophysics. The CaMD of Galactic variable stars provides crucial information on physical origins of variability in a way that has previously only been accessible for Galactic star clusters or external galaxies. Future Gaia data releases will enable significant improvements over this preview by providing longer time series, more accurate astrometry, and additional data types (time series BP and RP spectra, RVS spectra, and radial velocities), all for much larger samples of stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/482/4570
- Title:
- Gaia DR2 white dwarf candidates
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/482/4570
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalogue of white dwarf candidates selected from the second data release of Gaia (DR2). We used a sample of spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to map the entire space spanned by these objects in the Gaia Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We then defined a set of cuts in absolute magnitude, colour, and a number of Gaia quality flags to remove the majority of contaminating objects. Finally, we adopt a method analogous to the one presented in our earlier SDSS photometric catalogues to calculate a probability of being a white dwarf (PWD) for all Gaia sources which passed the initial selection. The final catalogue is composed of 486641 stars with calculated PWD from which it is possible to select a sample of~260000 high-confidence white dwarf candidates in the magnitude range 8<G<21. By comparing this catalogue with a sample of SDSS white dwarf candidates we estimate an upper limit in completeness of 85 per cent for white dwarfs with G<=20mag and Teff>7000K, at high Galactic latitudes (|b|>20deg). However, the completeness drops at low Galactic latitudes, and the magnitude limit of the catalogue varies significantly across the sky as a function of Gaia's scanning law. We also provide the list of objects within our sample with available SDSS spectroscopy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/899/83
- Title:
- 723 Gaia DR2 White dwarfs cand. in Local Galactic Halo
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/899/83
- Date:
- 14 Mar 2022 08:58:44
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of 531 white dwarf candidates that have large apparent transverse motions relative to the Sun (v_T_>200km/s), thus making them likely members of the local Galactic halo population. The candidates were selected from the Gaia Data Release 2 and are located in a great circle with 20{deg} width running across both Galactic poles and the Galactic center and anticenter, a zone that spans 17.3% of the sky. The selection used a combination of kinematic and photometric properties, derived primarily from Gaia proper motions, G magnitudes, and G_BP_-G_RP_ color, and including parallax whenever available. Additional validation of the white dwarf candidates is made using PanSTARRS photometric (gri) data. Our final catalog includes not only stars having full kinematic and luminosity estimates from reliable Gaia parallax, but also stars with presently unreliable or no available Gaia parallax measurements. We argue that our method of selecting local halo objects with and without reliable parallax data leads us to round up all possible halo white dwarfs in the Gaia catalog (in that particular section of the sky) with recorded proper motions >40mas/yr and that pass our v_T_>200km/s threshold requirement. We expect this catalog will be useful for the study of the white dwarf population of the local Galactic halo.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/IV/35
- Title:
- Gaia DR2-WISE Galactic Plane Matches
- Short Name:
- IV/35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Faint, hidden contaminants in the point-spread functions (PSFs) of stars cause shifts to their measured positions. Wilson & Naylor (2017MNRAS.468.2517W) showed failing to account for these shifts can lead to a drastic decrease in the number of returned catalogue matches in crowded fields. Here we highlight the effect these perturbations have on cross-matching, for matches between Gaia DR2 and WISE stars in a crowded Galactic plane region. Applying the uncertainties as quoted to Gaussian-based astrometric uncertainty functions (AUFs) can lead, in dense Galactic fields, to only matching 55% of the counterparts. We describe the construction of empirical descriptions for AUFs, building on the cross-matching method of Wilson & Naylor (2018MNRAS.473.5570W), utilising the magnitudes of both catalogues to discriminate between true and false counterparts. We apply the improved cross-matching method to the Galactic plane |b|<10. We provide the most likely counterpart matches and their respective probabilities. We also analyse several cases to verify the robustness of the results, highlighting some important caveats and considerations. Finally, we discuss the effect PSF resolution has by comparing the intra- catalogue nearest neighbour separation distributions of a sample of likely contaminated WISE objects and their corresponding Spitzer counterpart. We show that some WISE contaminants are resolved in Spitzer, with smaller intra-catalogue separations. We have highlighted the effect contaminant stars have on WISE, but it is important for all photometric catalogues, playing an important role in the next generation of surveys, such as LSST.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/II/360
- Title:
- Gaia DR2 x AllWISE catalogue
- Short Name:
- II/360
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The second Gaia Data Release (DR2) contains astrometric and photometric data for more than 1.6 billion objects with mean Gaia G magnitude <20.7, including many Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) in different evolutionary stages. In order to explore the YSO population of the Milky Way, we combined the Gaia DR2 database with WISE and Planck measurements and made an all-sky probabilistic catalogue of YSOs using machine learning techniques, such as Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, or Neural Networks. Our input catalogue contains 103 million objects from the DR2xAllWISE cross-match table. We classified each object into four main classes: YSOs, extragalactic objects, main-sequence stars and evolved stars. At a 90% prob- ability threshold we identified 1 129 295 YSO candidates. To demonstrate the quality and potential of our YSO catalogue, here we present two applications of it. (1) We explore the 3D structure of the Orion A star forming complex and show that the spatial distribution of the YSOs classified by our procedure is in agreement with recent results from the literature. (2) We use our catalogue to classify published Gaia Science Alerts. As Gaia measures the sources at multiple epochs, it can efficiently discover transient events, including sudden brightness changes of YSOs caused by dynamic processes of their circumstellar disk. However, in many cases the physical nature of the published alert sources are not known. A cross-check with our new catalogue shows that about 30% more of the published Gaia alerts can most likely be attributed to YSO activity. The catalogue can be also useful to identify YSOs among future Gaia alerts.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/649/A3
- Title:
- Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passbands
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/649/A3
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) contains astrometry and photometry results for about 1.8 billion sources based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 34 months of its operational phase. In this paper, we focus on the photometric content, describing the input data, the algorithms, the processing, and the validation of the results. Particular attention is given to the quality of the data and to a number of features that users may need to take into account to make the best use of the Gaia EDR3 catalogue. The processing broadly followed the same procedure as for Gaia DR2, but with significant improvements in several aspects of the blue and red photometer (BP and RP) preprocessing and in the photometric calibration process. In particular, the treatment of the BP and RP background has been updated to include a better estimation of the local background, and the detection of crowding effects has been used to exclude affected data from the calibrations. The photometric calibration models have also been updated to account for flux loss over the whole magnitude range. Significant improvements in the modelling and calibration of the Gaia point and line spread functions have also helped to reduce a number of instrumental effects that were still present in DR2. Gaia EDR3 contains 1.806 billion sources with G-band photometry and 1.540 billion sources with GBP and GRP photometry. The median uncertainty in the G-band photometry, as measured from the standard deviation of the internally calibrated mean photometry for a given source, is 0.2mmag at magnitude G=10 to 14, 0.8mmag at G~17, and 2.6mmag at G~19. The significant magnitude term found in the Gaia DR2 photometry is no longer visible, and overall there are no trends larger than 1mmag/mag. Using one passband over the whole colour and magnitude range leaves no systematics above the 1% level in magnitude in any of the bands, and a larger systematic is present for a very small sample of bright and blue sources. A detailed description of the residual systematic effects is provided. Overall the quality of the calibrated mean photometry in Gaia EDR3 is superior with respect to DR2 for all bands.