- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/698/1
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of NGC 2362
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/698/1
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Expanding upon the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) survey from Dahm & Hillenbrand (2007, Cat. J/AJ/133/2072), we describe Spitzer IRAC and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer observations of the populous, 5Myr old open cluster NGC 2362. We analyze the mid-IR colors of cluster members and compared their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to star+circumstellar disk models to constrain the disk morphologies and evolutionary states. Combining our data with other Spitzer surveys, we investigate the evolution of debris disks around high/intermediate-mass stars and investigate timescales for giant planet formation.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/141/11
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of planet-host stars
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/141/11
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since giant planets scatter planetesimals within a few tidal radii of their orbits, the locations of existing planetesimal belts indicate regions where giant planet formation failed in bygone protostellar disks. Infrared observations of circumstellar dust produced by colliding planetesimals are therefore powerful probes of the formation histories of known planets. Here we present new Spitzer infrared spectrograph (IRS) spectrophotometry of 111 solar-type stars, including 105 planet hosts. Our observations reveal 11 debris disks, including two previously undetected debris disks orbiting HD 108874 and HD 130322. Combining the 32um spectrophotometry with previously published MIPS photometry, we find that the majority of debris disks around solar-type stars have temperatures in the range 60<~T_dust_<~100K. Assuming a dust temperature T_dust_=70K, which is representative of the nine debris disks detected by both IRS and MIPS, debris rings surrounding Sun-like stars orbit between 15 and 240AU depending on the mean particle size. Our observations imply that the planets detected by radial-velocity searches formed within 240AU of their parent stars. If any of the debris disks studied here have mostly large, blackbody emitting grains, their companion giant planets must have formed in a narrow region between the ice line and 15AU.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/646/297
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of pre-main-sequence stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/646/297
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Early observations of T Tauri stars suggested that stars with evidence of circumstellar accretion disks rotated slower than stars without such evidence, but more recent results are not as clear. Near-IR circumstellar disk indicators, although the most widely available, are subject to uncertainties that can result from inner disk holes and/or the system inclination. Mid-infrared observations are less sensitive to such effects, but until now, these observations have been difficult to obtain. The Spitzer Space Telescope now easily enables mid-infrared measurements of large samples of PMS stars covering a broad mass range in nearby star-forming regions. Megeath and collaborators surveyed the Orion Molecular Clouds (1Myr) with the IRAC instrument (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8um) as part of a joint IRAC and MIPS GTO program. We examine the relationship between rotation and Spitzer mid-IR fluxes for 900 stars in Orion for stars between 3 and 0.1M_{sun}_. We find in these Spitzer data the clearest indication to date that stars with longer periods are more likely than those with short periods to have IR excesses suggestive of disks.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/769/79
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of radio-loud AGNs (CARLA)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/769/79
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the first results from the Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN program, a Cycle 7 and 8 Spitzer Space Telescope snapshot program to investigate the environments of a large sample of obscured and unobscured luminous radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 1.2<z<3.2. These data, obtained for 387 fields, reach 3.6 and 4.5{mu}m depths of [3.6]_AB_=22.6 and [4.5]_AB_=22.9 at the 95% completeness level, which is two to three times fainter than L* in this redshift range. By using the color cut [3.6]-[4.5]>-0.1 (AB), which efficiently selects high-redshift (z>1.3) galaxies of all types, we identify galaxy cluster member candidates in the fields of the radio-loud AGN. The local density of these Infrared Array Camera (IRAC)-selected sources is compared to the density of similarly selected sources in blank fields. We find that 92% of the radio-loud AGN reside in environments richer than average. The majority (55%) of the radio-loud AGN fields are found to be overdense at a>=2{sigma} level; 10% are overdense at a>=5{sigma} level. A clear rise in surface density of IRAC-selected sources toward the position of the radio-loud AGN strongly supports an association of the majority of the IRAC-selected sources with the radio-loud AGN. Our results provide solid statistical evidence that radio-loud AGN are likely beacons for finding high-redshift galaxy (proto-)clusters. We investigate how environment depends on AGN type (unobscured radio-loud quasars versus obscured radio galaxies), radio luminosity and redshift, finding no correlation with either AGN type or radio luminosity. We find a decrease in density with redshift, consistent with galaxy evolution for this uniform, flux-limited survey. These results are consistent with expectations from the orientation-driven AGN unification model, at least for the high radio luminosity regimes considered in this sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/662/1067
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of sigma Orionis
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/662/1067
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report new Spitzer Space Telescope observations, using the IRAC and MIPS instruments, of the young (~3Myr) sigma Orionis cluster. We identify 336 stars as members of the cluster, using optical and near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams. Using the spectral energy distribution slopes in the IRAC spectral range, we place objects into several classes: non-excess stars, stars with optically thick disks (such as classical T Tauri stars), class I (protostellar) candidates, and stars with "evolved disks"; the last exhibit smaller IRAC excesses than optically thick disk systems. In general, this classification agrees with the location expected in IRAC-MIPS color-color diagrams for these objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/682/445
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of S254-S258
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/682/445
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Spitzer IRAC, NOAO 2.1m Flamingos, Keck NIRC, and FCRAO SEQUOIA observations of the massive star-forming complex S254-S258, covering an area of 25'x20'. Using a combination of the IRAC and NIR data, we identify and classify the young stellar objects (YSOs) in the complex. We detect 510 sources with near- or mid-IR excess, and we classify 87 Class I and 165 Class II sources. The YSOs are found in clusters surrounded by isolated YSOs in a low-density distributed population. The ratio of clustered to total YSOs is 0.8. We identify six new clusters in the complex. One of them, G192.63-00, is located around the ionizing star of the HII region S255. We hypothesize that the ionizing star of S255 was formed in this cluster. We also detect a southern component of the cluster in HII region S256. The cluster G192.54-0.15, located inside HII region S254 has a V_LSR_ of 17km/s with respect to the main cloud, and we conclude that it is located in the background of the complex. The structure of the molecular cloud is examined using ^12^CO, and ^13^CO, as well as a near-IR extinction map. The main body of the molecular cloud has V_LSR_ between 5 and 9km/s. The arc-shaped structure of the molecular cloud following the border of the HII regions and the high column density in the border of the HII regions support the idea that the material has been swept up by the expansion of the HII regions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/664/850
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of stars in M33
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/664/850
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze five epochs of Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of the nearby spiral galaxy M33. Each epoch covered nearly a square degree at 3.6, 4.5, and 8.0um. The point-source catalog from the full data set contains 37650 stars. The stars have luminosities characteristic of the asymptotic giant branch and can be separated into oxygen-rich and carbon-rich populations by their [3.6]-[4.5] colors. The [3.6]-[8.0] colors indicate that over 80% of the stars detected at 8.0um have dust shells. Photometric comparison of epochs using conservative criteria yields a catalog of 2923 variable stars. These variables are most likely long-period variables amid an evolved stellar population. At least one-third of the identified carbon stars are variable.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/186/111
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of Taurus members
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/186/111
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have analyzed nearly all images of the Taurus star-forming region at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, and 24{mu}m that were obtained during the cryogenic mission of the Spitzer Space Telescope (46deg^2^) and have measured photometry for all known members of the region that are within these data, corresponding to 348 sources, or 99% of the known stellar population. By combining these measurements with previous observations with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph and other facilities, we have classified the members of Taurus according to whether they show evidence of circumstellar disks and envelopes (classes I, II, and III). Through these classifications, we find that the disk fraction in Taurus, N(II)/N(II+III), is ~75% for solar-mass stars and declines to ~45% for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs (0.01-0.3M_{sun}_). Through an analysis of multiple epochs of Spitzer photometry that are available for ~200 Taurus members, we find that stars with disks exhibit significantly greater mid-infrared (mid-IR) variability than diskless stars, which agrees with the results of similar variability measurements for a smaller sample of stars in Chamaeleon I. The variability fraction for stars with disks is higher in Taurus than in Chamaeleon I, indicating that the IR variability of disks decreases with age. Finally, we have used our data in Taurus to refine the observational criteria for primordial, evolved, and transitional disks. The ratio of the number of evolved and transitional disks to the number of primordial disks in Taurus is 15/98 for spectral types of K5-M5, indicating a timescale of 0.15x{tau}_primordial_~0.45Myr for the clearing of the inner regions of optically thick disks.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/471/L51
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of the hot Neptune GJ 436b
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/471/L51
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Spitzer Space Telescope infrared photometry of a primary transit of the hot Neptune GJ 436b. The observations were obtained using the 8{mu}m band of the InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/679/720
- Title:
- Spitzer observations of the Hyades
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/679/720
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the Spitzer Space Telescope to search for infrared excess at 24, 70, and 160um due to debris disks around a sample of 45 FGK-type members of the Hyades. We supplement our observations with archival 24 and 70um Spitzer data of an additional 22 FGK-type and 11 A-type Hyades members in order to provide robust statistics on the incidence of debris disks at 625Myr of age, an era corresponding to the late heavy bombardment in the solar system. We find that none of the 67 FGK-type stars in our sample show evidence for a debris disk, while 2 out of the 11 A-type stars do. This difference in debris disk detection rate is likely to be due to a sensitivity bias in favor of early-type stars. The fractional disk luminosity, L_dust_/L_*_, of the disks around the two A-type stars is ~4x10^-5^, a level that is below the sensitivity of our observations toward the FGK-type stars. However, our sensitivity limits for FGK-type stars are able to exclude, at the 2{sigma} level, frequencies higher than 12% and 5% of disks with L_dust_/L_*_>1x10^-4^ and L_dust_/L_*_>5x10^-4^, respectively. We also use our sensitivity limits and debris disk models to constrain the maximum mass of dust, as a function of distance from the stars, that could remain undetected around our targets.