- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/227/10
- Title:
- CH_3_OH & OH line emission from Galactic center
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/227/10
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Class I methanol masers are collisionally pumped and are generally correlated with outflows in star-forming sites in the Galaxy. Using the Very Large Array in its A-array configuration, we present a spectral line survey to identify methanol J=4_-1_->3_0_E emission at 36.169GHz. Over 900 pointings were used to cover a region 66'x13' along the inner Galactic plane. A shallow survey of OH at 1612, 1665, 1667, and 1720MHz was also carried out over the area covered by our methanol survey. We provide a catalog of 2240 methanol masers with narrow line-widths of ~1km/s, spatial resolutions of ~0.14"x0.05", and rms noises ~20mJy/beam per channel. Lower limits on the brightness temperature range from 27000 to 10000000K, showing that the emission is of non-thermal origin. We also provide a list of 23 OH (1612), 14 OH (1665), 5 OH (1667), and 5 OH (1720MHz) masers. The origin of such a large number of methanol masers is not clear. Many methanol masers appear to be associated with infrared dark clouds, though it appears unlikely that the entire population of these masers traces the early phase of star formation in the Galactic center.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
3312. Choirs, HI galaxy groups
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/433/543
- Title:
- Choirs, HI galaxy groups
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/433/543
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- H{alpha} observations centred on galaxies selected from the Hi Parkes All-Sky Survey (HiPASS) typically show one and sometimes two star-forming galaxies within the ~15arcmin beam of the Parkes 64m HI detections. In our Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas Galaxies (SINGG) we found 15 cases of HiPASS sources containing four or more emission line galaxies (ELGs). We name these fields Choir groups. In the most extreme case, we found a field with at least nine ELGs. In this paper, we present a catalogue of Choir group members in the context of the wider SINGG sample. The dwarf galaxies in the Choir groups would not be individually detectable in HiPASS at the observed distances if they were isolated, but are detected in SINGG narrow-band imaging due to their membership of groups with sufficiently large total HI mass. The ELGs in these groups are similar to the wider SINGG sample in terms of size, H{alpha} equivalent width and surface brightness. Eight of these groups have two large spiral galaxies with several dwarf galaxies and may be thought of as morphological analogues of the Local Group. However, on average our groups are not significantly Hi deficient, suggesting that they are at an early stage of assembly, and more like the M81 group. The Choir groups are very compact at typically only 190kpc in projected distance between the two brightest members. They are very similar to SINGG fields in terms of star formation efficiency (SFE; the ratio of star formation rate to HI mass), showing an increasing trend in SFE with stellar mass.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/423/235
- Title:
- C_5_H_2_ Radiatively allowed transitions
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/423/235
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Laboratory detection of four isomers of C_5_H_2_ molecule have been reported by Travers et al. (1997ApJ...483L.135T), McCarthy et al. (1997, Science, 275, 518), and Gottlieb et al. (1998ApJ...509L.141G). They suggested for detection of the ring-chain isomer of C_5_H_2_ (c-C_5_H_2_) in cosmic objects, as it is the most stable one in comparison to the others. Two transitions 3_13_-2_12_ and 3_03_-2_02_ at 19.147GHz and 19.606GHz, respectively, of c-C_5_H_2_ have been detected in TMC-1. We suggest that the c-C_5_H_2_ may be identified in cool cosmic objects through its transition 3_13_-4_04_ at 4.3GHz in absorption against the cosmic microwave background. Since in absence of availability of the collisional rates, we have used scaled values for them, we have checked the sensitivity of the lines on the rates by enhancing the rate for the transitions with {Delta}k_a_=0 by a factor of 10. Though the transitions are not found sensitive, our results ma y be treated as qualitative in nature. This absorption line may play an important role for identification of c-C_5_H_2_ in cosmic objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/657/A16
- Title:
- Chromatic variations in microlensing events
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/657/A16
- Date:
- 16 Mar 2022 00:52:23
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To a first approximation, the microlensing phenomenon is achromatic and great advancements have been achieved with regard to the interpretation of the achromatic signals, leading to the discovery and characterization of well above 100 new exoplanets. At a higher order accuracy in the observations, microlensing has a chromatic component (a color term) that has thus far been explored to a much lesser extent. Here, we analyze the chromatic microlensing effect of four different physical phenomena, which have the potential to contribute key knowledge of the stellar properties that is not easily achievable with other methods of observation. Our simulation is limited to the case of main-sequence source stars. Microlensing is particularly sensitive to giant and sub-giant stars near the Galactic center. While this population can be studied in short snapshots by the largest telescopes in the world, a general monitoring and characterization of the population can be achieved by use of more accessible medium-sized telescopes with specialized equipment via dual-color monitoring from observatories at sites with excellent seeing. We limit the results of this study to what will be achievable from the Danish 1.54m telescope at La Silla observatory based on the use of the existing dual-color lucky imaging camera. Such potential monitoring programs of the bulge population from medium-sized telescopes include the characterization of starspots, limb-darkening, the frequency of close-in giant planet companions, and gravity darkening for blended source stars. We conclude our simulations with quantifying the likelihood of detecting these different phenomena per object where they are present to be ~60 and ~30% for the above-mentioned phenomena when monitored during both high-magnification and caustic crossings, respectively.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/298/332
- Title:
- Chromospheric activity-age relation
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/298/332
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We show that there is a relationship between the age excess, defined as the difference between the stellar isochrone and chromospheric ages, and the metallicity as measured by the index [Fe/H] for late-type dwarfs. The chromospheric age tends to be lower than the isochrone age for metal-poor stars, and the opposite occurs for metal-rich objects. We suggest that this could be an effect of neglecting the metallicity dependence of the calibrated chromospheric emission-age relation. We propose a correction to account for this dependence. We also investigate the metallicity distributions of these stars, and show that there are distinct trends according to the chromospheric activity level. Inactive stars have a metallicity distribution which resembles the metallicity distribution of solar neighbourhood stars, while active stars appear to be concentrated in an activity strip on the log(R'_HK_)*[Fe/H] diagram. We provide some explanations for these trends, and show that the chromospheric emission-age relation probably has different slopes on the two sides of the Vaughan-Preston gap.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/725/875
- Title:
- Chromospheric activity for CPS stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/725/875
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present time series measurements of chromospheric activity for more than 2600 main-sequence and subgiant stars on the California Planet Search (CPS) program with spectral types ranging from about F5V to M4V for main-sequence stars and from G0IV to about K5IV for subgiants. The large data set of more than 44000 spectra allows us to identify an empirical baseline floor for chromospheric activity as a function of color and height above the main sequence. We define {Delta}S as an excess in emission in the CaII H and K lines above the baseline activity floor and define radial velocity jitter as a function of {Delta}S and B-V for main-sequence and subgiant stars. Although the jitter for any individual star can always exceed the baseline level, we find that K dwarfs have the lowest level of jitter. The lack of correlation between observed jitter and chromospheric activity in K dwarfs suggests that the observed jitter is dominated by instrumental or analysis errors and not astrophysical noise sources. Thus, given the long-term precision for the CPS program, radial velocities are not correlated with astrophysical noise for chromospherically quiet K dwarf stars, making these stars particularly well suited for the highest precision Doppler surveys. Chromospherically quiet F and G dwarfs and subgiants exhibit higher baseline levels of astrophysical jitter than K dwarfs. Despite the fact that the rms in Doppler velocities is correlated with the mean chromospheric activity, it is rare to see one-to-one correlations between the individual time series activity and Doppler measurements, diminishing the prospects for correcting activity-induced velocity variations in F and G dwarfs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/646/A77
- Title:
- Chromospheric activity from AMBRE-HARPS
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/646/A77
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The main objective of this project is to characterise chromospheric activity of FGK stars from the HARPS archive. We start, in this first paper, by presenting a catalogue of homogeneous determined chromospheric emission (CE), stellar atmospheric parameters and ages for 1,674 FGK main sequence (MS), subgiant, and giant stars. The analysis of CE level and variability is also performed. We measured CE in the CaII lines using more than 180000 high-resolution spectra from the HARPS spectrograph, as compiled in the AMBRE project, obtained between 2003 and 2019. We converted the fluxes to bolometric and photospheric corrected chromospheric emission ratio, R'_HK_. Stellar atmospheric parameters T_eff_, logg, and [Fe/H] were retrieved from the literature or determined using an homogeneous method. M_{star}_, R_{star}_, and ages were determined from isochrone fitting. We show that our sample has a distribution of CE for MS stars that is consistent with an unbiased sample of solar-neighbour MS stars. We analysed the CE distribution for the different luminosity classes and spectral types and confirmed the existence of the very inactive stars (VIS) and very active stars (VAS) populations at R'_HK_<-5.1 and >-4.2dex, respectively. We found indications that the VIS population is composed mainly of subgiant and giant stars and that R'_HK_=-5.1dex marks a transition in stellar evolution. Overall, CE variability decreases with decreasing CE level but its distribution is complex. There appears to be at least three regimes of variability, for inactive, active and very active stars, with the inactive and active regimes separated by a diagonal, extended Vaughan-Preston (VP) gap. We show that stars with low activity levels do not necessarily have low variability. In the case of K dwarfs which show high CE variability, inactive and active stars have similar levels of activity variability. This means that activity levels alone are not enough to infer about the activity variability of a star. We also explained the shape of the VP gap observed in the distribution of CE by using the CE variability-level diagram. In the CE variability-level diagram, the Sun is located in the high variability region of the inactive MS stars zone. A method to extract the probability density function of the CE variability for a given R'_HK_ level is discussed, and a python code to retrieve it is provided.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/469/309
- Title:
- Chromospheric activity in late-type stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/469/309
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The main chromospheric activity indicator is the S index, which is the ratio of the flux in the core of the CaII H and K lines to the continuum nearby, and is well studied for stars from F to K. Another chromospheric proxy is the Halpha line, which is believed to be tightly correlated with the CaII index. In this work we characterize both chromospheric activity indicators, the one associated with the H and K CaII lines and the other with Halpha, for the whole range of late type stars, from F to M.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/476/908
- Title:
- Chromospheric activity in 4 open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/476/908
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the LAMOST spectra of member stars in Pleiades, M34, Praesepe, and Hyades to study how chromospheric activity varies as a function of mass and rotation at different age. We measured excess equivalent widths of H{alpha}, H{beta}, and CaII K based on estimated chromospheric contributions from old and inactive field dwarfs, and excess luminosities are obtained by normalizing bolometric luminosity, for more than 700 late-type stars in these open clusters. Results indicate two activity sequences in cool spot coverage and H{alpha} excess emission among GK dwarfs in Pleiades and M dwarfs in Praesepe and Hyades, paralleling with well-known rotation sequences. A weak dependence of chromospheric emission on rotation exists among ultrafast rotators in saturated regime with Rossby number Ro<=0.1. In the unsaturated regime, chromospheric and coronal emission show similar dependence on Ro, but with a shift towards larger Ro, indicating chromospheric emission gets easily saturated than coronal emission, and/or convective turnover time-scales based on X-ray data do not work well with chromospheric emission. More interestingly, our analysis shows fully convective slow rotators obey the rotation-chromospheric activity relation similar to hotter stars, confirming the previous finding. We found correlations among H{alpha}, H{beta}, and CaII K emissions, in which H{alpha} losses are more important than CaII K for cooler and more active stars. In addition, a weak correlation is seen between chromospheric emission and photospheric activity that shows dependence on stellar spectral type and activity level, which provides some clues on how spot configuration varies as a function of mass and activity level.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/551/L8
- Title:
- Chromospheric activity of field stars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/551/L8
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Compilation of S-index measurements available in the literature cross-correlated with the CDS catalog. The S-index is a measure of the strength of the chromospheric emission in the core of the CaII H and K lines, and it is a proxy for chromospheric activity. Its conversion into logR'HK is also reported, along with temperature, age and metallicity from the CDS.