- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/601/A76
- Title:
- DIRECT lightcurves of 21 luminous YSGs in M33
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/601/A76
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The evolution of massive stars surviving the red supergiant (RSG) stage remains unexplored due to the rarity of such objects. The yellow hypergiants (YHGs) appear to be the warm counterparts of post-RSG classes located near the Humphreys-Davidson upper luminosity limit, which are characterized by atmospheric instability and high mass-loss rates. We aim to increase the number of YHGs in M33 and thus to contribute to a better understanding of the pre-supernova evolution of massive stars. Optical spectroscopy of five dust-enshrouded YSGs selected from mid-IR criteria was obtained with the goal of detecting evidence of extensive atmospheres. We also analyzed BVIc photometry for 21 of the most luminous YSGs in M33 to identify changes in the spectral type. To explore the properties of circumstellar dust, we performed SED-fitting of multi-band photometry of the 21 YSGs. We find three luminous YSGs in our sample to be YHG candidates, as they are surrounded by hot dust and are enshrouded within extended, cold dusty envelopes. Our spectroscopy of star 2 shows emission of more than one H{alpha} component, as well as emission of CaII, implying an extended atmospheric structure. In addition, the long-term monitoring of the star reveals a dimming in the visual light curve of amplitude larger than 0.5mag that caused an apparent drop in the temperature that exceeded 500K. We suggest the observed variability to be analogous to that of the Galactic YHG {rho} Cas. Five less luminous YSGs are suggested as post-RSG candidates showing evidence of hot or/and cool dust emission. We demonstrate that mid-IR photometry, combined with optical spectroscopy and time-series photometry, provide a robust method for identifying candidate YHGs. Future discovery of YHGs in Local Group galaxies is critical for the study of the late evolution of intermediate-mass massive stars.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/121/2032
- Title:
- Direct variables in M33A field
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/121/2032
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- DIRECT is a project to directly obtain the distances to two Local Group galaxies, M31 and M33, which occupy a crucial position near the bottom of the cosmological distance ladder. As the first step of the DIRECT project, we have searched for detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) and new Cepheids in the M31 and M33 galaxies with 1 m class telescopes. In this paper, we present a catalog of variable stars discovered in the data from the follow-up observations of the DEB system D33J013346.2+304439.9 in field M33A (RA=23.55{deg}, DE=30.72{deg}; J2000.0), collected with the Kitt Peak National Observatory's 2.1 m telescope. In our search covering an area of 108arcmin^2^, we have found 434 variable stars: 63 eclipsing binaries, 305 Cepheids, and 66 other periodic, possible long-period, or nonperiodic variables. Of these variables, 280 are newly discovered, mainly short-period and/or faint Cepheids. Their light curves were extracted using the ISIS image subtraction package. For 85% of the variables, we present light curves in standard V and B magnitudes, with the remaining 15% expressed in units of differential flux. We have discovered a population of first-overtone Cepheid candidates, and for eight of them we present strong arguments in favor of this interpretation. We also report on the detection of a nonlinearity in the KPNO T2KA and T1KA cameras.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/122/2477
- Title:
- DIRECT variables in M33B field
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/122/2477
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- DIRECT is a project to obtain directly the distances to two Local Group galaxies, M31 and M33, which occupy a crucial position near the bottom of the cosmological distance ladder. As the first step of the DIRECT project we have searched for detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) and new Cepheids in the M31 and M33 galaxies with 1m class telescopes. In this eighth paper we present a catalog of variable stars discovered in the data from the follow-up observations of DEB system D33J013337.0+303032.8 in field M33B [(RA,DE)=(23.48{deg}, 30.57{deg}), J2000.0], collected with the Kitt Peak National Observatory 2.1m telescope. In our search covering an area of 108arcmin^2^ we have found 895 variable stars: 96 eclipsing binaries, 349 Cepheids, and 450 other periodic, possibly long-period or nonperiodic variables. Of these variables 612 are newly discovered. Their light curves were extracted using the ISIS image subtraction package. For 77% of the variables we present light curves in standard V and B magnitudes, with the remaining 23% expressed in units of differential flux. We have discovered a population of first-overtone Cepheid candidates, and for six of them we present strong arguments in favor of this interpretation. The catalog of variables, as well as their photometry (about 9.2x10^4^ BV measurements) and finding charts, is available electronically via anonymous ftp and the World Wide Web. The complete set of the CCD frames is available upon request.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/596/A25
- Title:
- Disc breaks across masses and wavelengths
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/596/A25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Breaks in the surface brightness profiles in the outer regions of galactic discs are thought to have formed by various internal (e.g. bar resonances) and external (e.g. galaxy merging) processes. By studying the disc breaks we aim to better understand what processes are responsible for the evolution of the outer discs of galaxies, and galaxies in general. We use a large well-defined sample to study how common the disc breaks are, and whether their properties depend on galaxy mass. By using both optical and infrared data we study whether the observed wavelength affects the break features as a function of galaxy mass and Hubble type. We studied the properties of galaxy discs using radial surface brightness profiles of 753 galaxies, obtained from the 3.6um images of the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G), and the Ks-band data from the Near InfraRed S0-Sa galaxy Survey (NIRS0S), covering a wide range of galaxy morphologies (-2<=T<=9) and stellar masses (8.5<~log10 (M*/M_{sun}_)<~11). In addition, optical Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) or Liverpool telescope data was used for 480 of these galaxies. We find that in low-mass galaxies the single exponential profiles (Type I) are most common, and that their fraction decreases with increasing galaxy stellar mass. The fraction of down-bending (Type II) profiles increases with stellar mass, possibly due to more common occurrence of bar resonance structures. The up-bending (Type III) profiles are also more common in massive galaxies. The observed wavelength affects the scalelength of the disc of every profile type. Especially the scalelength of the inner disc (h_i_) of Type II profiles increases from infrared to u-band on average by a factor of ~2.2. Consistent with the previous studies, but with a higher statistical significance, we find that Type II outer disc scalelengths (h_o_) in late-type and low mass galaxies (T>4, log10(M*/M_{sun}_)<~10.5) are shorter in bluer wavelengths, possibly due to stellar radial migration populating the outer discs with older stars. In Type III profiles h_o are larger in the u band, hinting to the presence of young stellar population in the outer disc. While the observed wavelength affects the disc parameters, it does not significantly affect the profile type classification in our sample. Our results indicate that the observed wavelength is a significant factor when determining the profile types in very low mass dwarf galaxies, for which more Type II profiles have been previously found using optical data.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A76
- Title:
- Disc galaxies baryonic specific ang. mom.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/647/A76
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Specific angular momentum (the angular momentum per unit mass, j=J/M) is one of the key parameters that control the evolution of galaxies, and it is closely related with the coupling between dark and visible matter. In this work, we aim to derive the baryonic (stars plus atomic gas) specific angular momentum of disc galaxies and study its relation with the dark matter specific angular momentum. Using a combination of high-quality HI rotation curves, HI surface densities, and near-infrared surface brightness profiles, we homogeneously measure the stellar (j*) and gas (jgas) specific angular momenta for a large sample of nearby disc galaxies. This allows us to determine the baryonic specific angular momentum (jbar) with high accuracy and across a very wide range of masses. We confirm that the j*-M* relation is an unbroken power-law from 7<~log(M*/M_{sun}_)<~11.5, with a slope 0.54+/-0.02, setting a stronger constraint at dwarf galaxy scales than previous determinations. Concerning the gas component, we find that the jgas-Mgas relation is also an unbroken power-law from 6<~log(Mgas/M_{sun}_)<~11, with a steeper slope of 1.01+/-0.04. Regarding the baryonic relation, our data support a correlation characterized by a single power-law with a slope 0.58+/-0.02. Our analysis shows that our most massive spirals and smallest dwarfs lie along the same jbar-Mbar sequence. While the relations are tight and unbroken, we find internal correlations inside them: At fixed M, galaxies with larger j have larger disc scale lengths, and at fixed Mbar, gas-poor galaxies have lower jbar than expected. We estimate the retained fraction of baryonic specific angular momentum, f_jbar_, finding it constant across our entire mass range with a value of 0.7, indicating that the baryonic specific angular momentum of present-day disc galaxies is comparable to the initial specific angular momentum of their dark matter haloes. In general, these results set important constraints for hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytical models that aim to reproduce galaxies with realistic specific angular momenta.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/182
- Title:
- Discoveries from the NEOWISE proper motion survey
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/182
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present low-resolution near-infrared spectra of discoveries from an all-sky proper motion search conducted using multi-epoch data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. Using the data from NEOWISE, along with the AllWISE catalog, Schneider et al. (2016, J/ApJ/817/112) conducted an all-sky proper motion survey to search for nearby objects with high proper motions. Here, we present a follow-up spectroscopic survey of 65 of their discoveries, which focused primarily on potentially nearby objects (d<25 pc), candidate late-type brown dwarfs (>=L7), and subdwarf candidates. We found 31 new M dwarfs, 18 new L dwarfs, and 11 new T dwarfs. Of these, 13 are subdwarfs, including one new sdL1 and two new sdL7s. Eleven of these discoveries, with spectral types ranging from M7 to T7 (including one subdwarf) are predicted to be within 25 pc, adding to the number of known objects in the solar neighborhood. We also discovered three new early-type T subdwarf candidates, one sdT1, one sdT2, and one sdT3, which would increase the number of known early-type T subdwarfs from two to five.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/491/5524
- Title:
- Discovering Large-Scale Structure in ORELSE Survey
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/491/5524
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large-Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey is an ongoing imaging and spectroscopic campaign initially designed to study the effects of environment on galaxy evolution in high-redshift (z~1) large-scale structures. We use its rich data in combination with a powerful new technique, Voronoi tessellation Monte-Carlo (VMC) mapping, to search for serendipitous galaxy overdensities at 0.55<z<1.37 within 15 ORELSE fields, a combined spectroscopic footprint of ~1.4 square degrees. Through extensive tests with both observational data and our own mock galaxy catalogs, we optimize the method's many free parameters to maximize its efficacy for general overdensity searches. Our overdensity search yielded 402 new overdensity candidates with precisely measured redshifts and an unprecedented sensitivity down to low total overdensity masses M_tot_>5*10^13^M_{sun}_). Using the mock catalogs, we estimated the purity and completeness of our overdensity catalog as a function of redshift, total mass, and spectroscopic redshift fraction, finding impressive levels of both 0.92/0.83 and 0.60/0.49 for purity/completeness at z=0.8 and z=1.2, respectively, for all overdensity masses at spectroscopic fractions of ~20%. With VMC mapping, we are able to measure precise systemic redshifts, provide an estimate of the total gravitating mass, and maintain high levels of purity and completeness at z~1 even with only moderate levels of spectroscopy. Other methods (e.g., red-sequence overdensities and hot medium reliant detections) begin to fail at similar redshifts, which attests to VMC mapping's potential to be a powerful tool for current and future wide-field galaxy evolution surveys at z~1 and beyond.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/501/785
- Title:
- Discovery and characterization of WASP-6b
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/501/785
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of WASP-6b, an inflated sub-Jupiter mass planet transiting every 3.3610060^+0.0000022^_-0.0000035_days a mildly metal-poor solar-type star of magnitude V=11.9. A combined analysis of the WASP photometry, high-precision followup transit photometry and radial velocities yield a planetary mass M_p_=0.503^+0.019^_-0.038_ and radius R_p_=1.224^+0.051^_0.052_, resulting in a density {rho}_p_=0.27{+/-}0.05{rho}_J_. The mass and radius for the host star are M_*_=0.88^+0.05^-0.08_M_{sun}_ and R_*_=0.870^0.025^_-0.036_R_{sun}_. The non-zero orbital eccentricity e=0.054^+0.018^_-0.015_ that we measure suggests that the planet underwent a massive tidal heating ~1Gyr ago that could have contributed to its inflated radius. High-precision radial velocities obtained during a transit allow us to measure a sky-projected angle between the stellar spin and orbital axis {beta}=11^+14^_-18_{deg}. In addition to similar published measurements, this result favors a dominant migration mechanism based on tidal interactions with a protoplanetary disk.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A87
- Title:
- Discovery of a resolved disk around Wray 15-788
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/624/A87
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Protoplanetary disks are the birth environments of planetary systems. Therefore, the study of young, circumstellar environments is essential to understanding the processes taking place in planet formation and the evolution of planetary systems. We detect and characterize circumstellar disks and potential companions around solar-type, pre-main sequence stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association (Sco-Cen). As part of our ongoing survey we carried out high-contrast imaging with VLT/SPHERE/IRDIS to obtain polarized and total intensity images of the young (11^+16^_-7_)Myr old) K3IV star Wray 15-788 within the Lower Centaurus Crux subgroup of Sco-Cen. For the total intensity images, we remove the stellar halo via an approach based on reference star differential imaging in combination with principal component analysis. Both total intensity and polarimetric data resolve a disk around the young, solar-like Sco-Cen member Wray 15-788. Modeling of the stellar spectral energy distribution suggests that this is protoplanetary disk at a transition stage. We detect a bright outer ring at a projected separation of ~370mas (~56au), hints of inner substructures at ~170mas (~28au), and a gap in between. Within a position angle range of only 60{deg}<{phi}<240{deg}, we are confident at the 5{sigma} level that we detect actual scattered light flux from the outer ring of the disk; the remaining part is indistinguishable from background noise. For the detected part of the outer ring we determine a disk inclination of i=21{deg}+/-6{deg} and a position angle of {varphi}=76{deg}+/-16{deg}. Furthermore, we find that Wray 15-788 is part of a binary system with the A2V star HD 98363 at a separation of ~50arcsec (~6900,au). The detection of only half of the outer ring might be due to shadowing by a misaligned inner disk. A potential substellar companion can cause the misalignment of the inner structures and can be responsible for clearing the detected gap from scattering material.However, we cannot rule out the possibility of a non-detection due to our limited signal-to-noise ratio, combined with brightness azimuthal asymmetry. From our data we can exclude companions more massive than 10M_{jup}_ within the gap at a separation of ~230mas (~35au). Additional data are required to characterize the disk's peculiar morphology and to set tighter constraints on the potential perturber's orbital parameters and mass.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/138
- Title:
- Discovery of 2 hot Jupiters KELT-14b & KELT-15b
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of KELT-14b and KELT-15b, two hot Jupiters from the KELT-South survey. KELT-14b, an independent discovery of the recently announced WASP-122b, is an inflated Jupiter mass planet that orbits a ~5.0_-0.7_^+0.3^ Gyr, V=11.0, G2 star that is near the main sequence turnoff. The host star, KELT-14 (TYC 7638-981-1), has an inferred mass M_*_=1.18_-0.07_^+0.05^ M_{sun}_ and radius R_*_=1.37+/-0.08 R_{sun}_, and has T_eff_=5802_-92_^+95^ K, log g_*_=4.23_-0.04_^+0.05^ and [Fe/H]=0.33+/-0.09. The planet orbits with a period of 1.7100588+/-0.0000025 days (T_0_=2457091.02863+/-0.00047) and has a radius R_p_=1.52_-0.11_^+0.12^ R_J_ and mass M_p_=1.196+/-0.072 M_J_, and the eccentricity is consistent with zero. KELT-15b is another inflated Jupiter mass planet that orbits a ~4.6_-0.4_^+0.5^ Gyr, V=11.2, G0 star (TYC 8146-86-1) that is near the "blue hook" stage of evolution prior to the Hertzsprung gap, and has an inferred mass M_*_=1.181_-0.050_^+0.051^ M_{sun}_ and radius R_*_=1.48_-0.04_^+0.09^ R_{sun}_, and T_eff_=6003_-52_^+56^ K, log g_*_=4.17_-0.04_^+0.02^ and [Fe/H]=0.05+/-0.03. The planet orbits on a period of 3.329441+/-0.000016 days (T_0_=2457029.1663+/-0.0073) and has a radius R_p_=1.443_-0.057_^+0.11^ R_J_ and mass M_p_=0.91_-0.22_^+0.21^ M_J_ and an eccentricity consistent with zero. KELT-14b has the second largest expected emission signal in the K-band for known transiting planets brighter than K<10.5. Both KELT-14b and KELT-15b are predicted to have large enough emission signals that their secondary eclipses should be detectable using ground-based observatories.