This database table contains all of the observations made by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO, formerly known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility or AXAF) as part of the Performance Verification and Calibration (PVC) phase and also contains all of the subsequent Cycles' Guaranteed Time Observers (GTO) and General Observer (GO) targets, and any Director's Discretionary Time (DDT) targets that have been observed. It also includes scheduled and as-yet-not-scheduled targets. The HEASARC updates this database table on a twice-weekly basis by querying the database table at the Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) website, as discussed in the Provenance section. For observations whose status is 'archived', data products can be retrieved from the HEASARC's mirror of the CXC's Chandra Data Archive (CDA). The CXC should be acknowledged as the source of Chandra data. The PVC phase was during the first few months of the CXO mission; some of the calibration observations that are for monitoring purposes will be performed in later mission cycles. All calibration data (entries with Type = CAL in this database) are placed immediately into the CXO public data archive at the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center (CXC); please see the Web page at <a href="http://asc.harvard.edu/">http://asc.harvard.edu/</a> for more information on the CXC data archive). GTO observations during Cycle 1 or any subsequent Cycle will probably occupy 100% of months 3-4, 30% of months 5-22, and 15% of the available time for the remainder of the mission. Guaranteed Time Observers will have the same proprietary data rights as General Observers (i.e., their data will be placed in the public CXC archive 12 months after they have received the data in usable form). For detailed information on the Chandra Observatory and datasets see: <pre> <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/</a> for general Chandra information <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/cda/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/cda/</a> for the Chandra Data Archive <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/cal/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/cal/</a> for calibration information <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/caldb/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/caldb/</a> for the calibration database <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/ciao/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/ciao/</a> for data analysis <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/ciao/download/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/ciao/download/</a> for analysis software <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/ciao/threads/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/ciao/threads/</a> for analysis threads <a href="http://cda.harvard.edu/chaser/">http://cda.harvard.edu/chaser/</a> for WebChaSeR </pre> The HEASARC updates this database table on a twice-weekly basis based on information obtained from the Chandra Data Archive at the CXC website. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
The Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP) was a deep observation of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) that was obtained with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS). This Browse table contains the COUP catalog of more than 1600 X-ray point sources that were detected in the exceptionally deep 2003 January observation, which was an 838 ks exposure made over a continuous period of 13.2 days. The COUP observation provides the most uniform and comprehensive data set on the X-ray emission of normal stars ever obtained in the history of X-ray astronomy. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2006 based on the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/160/319">CDS catalog J/ApJS/160/319</a>, tables 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra Point Sources in 18 Distant Galaxy Clusters
Short Name:
GCPTSRCCXO
Date:
18 Apr 2025
Publisher:
NASA/GSFC HEASARC
Description:
With the superb angular resolution of the Chandra Observatory, it is now possible to detect X-ray point sources, either embedded in galaxy clusters or along the cluster line of sight, which could not be resolved by previous instruments. This now allows studies of source counts in distant cluster fields. The authors want to analyze the inner region of clusters of galaxies to check for the presence of any over-density of X-ray point sources embedded in the gas diffuse emission. These point sources are possible AGN belonging to the clusters and could contaminate the cluster emission. The authors used a sample of 18 distant (0.25 < z < 1.01) galaxy clusters from the Chandra archive to construct the log N - log S relation, in both the soft and hard energy bands, for the X-ray point sources detected in the central cluster region to be compared with the counts of point sources detected in similarly deep fields without clusters. The authors find a ~2-sigma excess of cluster region sources at the bright end of the log N - log S distribution. The radial distribution of the brightest X-ray point sources confirms this excess and indicates that it is confined to the inner 0.5 Mpc of the cluster region. The results suggest the possible existence of X-ray sources belonging to the cluster (most probably AGN, given their 0.5-10 keV luminosity ranging from 10<sup>43</sup> to 10<sup>44</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>): on average one every three clusters. Unlike previous studies, which have mainly investigated the point-source population in the vicinity of the galaxy clusters, the present study analyzes the content of point sources within the 1 Mpc region covered by the cluster extent. This work confirms the findings of other investigators who analyzed the central 1 Mpc region of more massive clusters and/or groups in a similar redshift range. The X-ray source excess found here is much smaller than the excess of radio galaxies found recently in high-z X-ray selected clusters, possibly due to the better sensitivity of the radio observations. The properties of the clusters and of the Chandra exposures in which they were observed are given in Table 1 of the reference paper, and are reproduced below: <pre> Cluster Name z RA (J2000) Dec ObsID ACIS Mode Exp N_H L_sb L_hb h m s d ' " ks [units are below] Abell 2125 0.246 15 41 12 +66 16 01 2207 I VF 79.7 2.77 0.13 0.56 ZW CL 1454.8+2233 0.258 14 57 15 +22 20 33 4192 I VF 91.4 3.22 0.23 0.74 MS 1008.1-1224 0.302 10 10 32 -12 39 23 926 I VF 44.2 6.74 0.44 1.57 ZW CL 0024.0+1652 0.394 00 26 35 +17 09 39 929 S VF 36.7 4.19 0.34 2.22 MS 1621.5+2640 0.426 16 23 36 +26 34 21 546 I F 30.0 3.59 0.81 3.41 RXJ 1701.3+6414 0.453 17 01 24 +64 14 10 547 I VF 49.5 2.59 0.64 2.67 CL 1641+4001 0.464 16 41 53 +40 01 46 3575 I VF 44.0 1.02 0.67 2.62 V 1524.6+0957 0.516 15 24 40 +09 57 48 1664 I VF 49.9 2.92 0.89 3.29 MS 0451.6-0305 0.539 04 54 12 -03 00 53 902 S F 41.5 5.18 0.73 4.12 V 1121+2327 0.562 11 20 57 +23 26 27 1660 I VF 66.9 1.30 0.73 3.00 MS 2053.7-0449 0.583 20 56 21 -04 37 51 1667 I VF 43.5 4.96 1.32 4.91 V 1221+4918 0.700 12 21 26 +49 18 30 1662 I VF 79.4 1.44 1.18 4.62 MS 1137.5+6625 0.782 11 40 22 +66 08 18 536 I VF 117.5 1.18 0.81 4.04 RDCSJ 1317+2911 0.805 13 17 21 +29 11 19 2228 I VF 111.3 1.04 0.85 3.59 RDCSJ 1350+6007 0.805 13 50 48 +60 06 54 2229 I VF 58.3 1.76 1.77 7.26 RXJ 1716.4+6708 0.813 17 16 49 +67 08 26 548 I F 51.5 3.71 2.17 9.45 MS 1054.4-0321 0.830 10 56 59 -03 37 37 512 S F 67.5 3.67 1.07 6.61 WARPJ 1415.1+3612 1.013 14 15 11 +36 12 00 4163 I VF 89.2 1.10 1.93 7.54 </pre> where Exp is the Chandra exposure time in ks corresponding to the nominal exposure filtered to exclude time periods of high background, N_H is the Galactic hydrogen column density in the direction of the cluster of galaxies, in units of 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>, and L_sb and L_hb are the limiting luminosities in units of 10<sup>42</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup> for point sources in the clusters in the 0.5-2.0 keV and 2-10 keV energy bands, respectively. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2010 based on the electronic version of Table 2 from the reference paper which was obtained from the CDS, their catalog J/A+A/462/449. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra Serendipitous Extragalactic X-Ray Source ID (SEXSI) Catalog
Short Name:
Chan/Seren/ID
Date:
18 Apr 2025
Publisher:
NASA/GSFC HEASARC
Description:
The Serendipitous Extragalactic X-Ray Source Identification (SEXSI) program is designed to extend greatly the sample of identified extragalactic hard X-ray (2 - 10 keV) sources at intermediate fluxes (~10<sup>-13</sup> to 10<sup>-15</sup> erg/cm<sup>2</sup>/s). SEXSI, which studies sources selected from more than 2 deg<sup>2</sup>, provides an essential complement to the Chandra Deep Fields, which reach depths of 5 x 10<sup>-16</sup> erg/cm<sup>2</sup>/s (2 - 10 keV) but over a total area of less than 0.2 deg<sup>2</sup>. In their published paper, the authors describe the characteristics of the survey and their X-ray data analysis methodology. They present the cumulative flux distribution for the X-ray sample of 1034 hard sources and discuss the distribution of spectral hardness ratios. Their log N -log S in this intermediate flux range connects to those found in the Deep Fields, and by combining the data sets, they constrain the hard X-ray population over the flux range in which the differential number counts change slope and from which the bulk of the 2 - 10 keV X-ray background arises. They further investigate the log N - log S distribution separately for soft and hard sources in the sample, finding that while a clear change in slope is seen for the softer sample, the hardest sources are well described by a single power law down to the faintest fluxes, consistent with the notion that they lie at lower average redshift. In the SEXSI program, fields were selected with high Galactic latitude (|b| > 20 degrees) and with declinations accessible to the optical facilities available to the authors (declination > -20 degrees). They used observations taken with Chandra's Advanced Camera for Imaging Spectroscopy (ACIS I- and S-modes; Bautz et al., 1998, Proc. SPIE, 3444, 210) only (for sensitivity in the hard band). All the fields presented in this paper have data that are available in the Chandra public archive. This table was created by the HEASARC in June 2004 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/596/944/table4">CDS Catalog J/ApJ/596/944/table4</a>.dat which is a representation of Table 4 from the published version. Note that it does not include the Soft-Band-Only Source Catalog (Table 6 in the published version of the paper). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra Serendipitous Extragalactic X-Ray Source ID (SEXSI) Optical Follow-Up
Short Name:
Chan/Seren/Opt
Date:
18 Apr 2025
Publisher:
NASA/GSFC HEASARC
Description:
The Serendipitous Extragalactic X-ray Source Identification (SEXSI) Program is designed to expand significantly the sample of identified extragalactic hard X-ray sources at intermediate fluxes, 10<sup>-15</sup> ergs/cm<sup>2</sup>/s < 2-10 keV Flux <~ 10<sup>-13</sup> ergs/cm<sup>2</sup>/s. SEXSI, which includes sources derived from more than 2 square degrees of Chandra images, provides the largest hard X-ray-selected sample yet studied, offering an essential complement to the Chandra Deep Fields (total area of 0.2 square degrees). In Eckart et al. (2005, Paper II) R-band optical imaging of the SEXSI fields from the Palomar P60 and P200, the MDM 2.4m and 1.3m, and the Keck I telescopes is described. The authors have identified counterparts or derived flux limits for nearly 1000 hard X-ray sources. Using the optical images, they have derived accurate source positions. They have investigated correlations between optical and X-ray flux, and optical flux and X-ray hardness ratio. They have also studied the density of optical sources surrounding X-ray counterparts, as well as the properties of optically faint, hard X-ray sources. In Eckart et al. (2006, Paper III) optical spectra of 477 counterparts are presented. These spectra reach to R-band magnitudes of <~24 and have produced identifications and redshifts for 438 hard X-ray sources. Typical completeness levels in the 27 Chandra fields studied are 40-70%. The vast majority of the 2-10 keV selected sample are AGNs with redshifts between 0.1 and 3; the highest redshift source lies at z = 4.33. This table which combines data presented in Eckart et al. (2005, 2006) has links to the list of SEXSI X-ray sources (the HEASARC Browse table CHANSEXSI: see Paper I = Harrison et al. 2003, ApJ, 596, 944). This table was originally created by the HEASARC in June 2005 based on the CDS version of Table 3 from Eckart et al. (2005: CDS table J/ApJS/156/35/table3.dat). It was updated in August 2006 to include information from Table 2 of Eckart et al. (2006: the electronic version available at the electronic ApJ web site). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Chandra Serendipitous Extragalactic X-Ray Source ID (SEXSI)/Spitzer AGN Catalog
Short Name:
CHANSEXAGN
Date:
18 Apr 2025
Publisher:
NASA/GSFC HEASARC
Description:
The authors compare the relative merits of active galactic nuclei (AGN) selection at X-ray and mid-infrared wavelengths using data from moderately deep fields observed by both Chandra and Spitzer. The X-ray-selected AGN sample and associated photometric and spectroscopic optical follow-up are drawn from a subset of fields studied as part of the Serendipitous Extragalactic X-ray Source Identification (SEXSI) program. Mid-infrared data in these fields are derived from targeted and archival Spitzer imaging, and mid-infrared AGN selection is accomplished primarily through application of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) color-color AGN "wedge" selection technique. Nearly all X-ray sources in these fields which exhibit clear spectroscopic signatures of AGN activity have mid-infrared colors consistent with IRAC AGN selection. These are predominantly the most luminous X-ray sources. X-ray sources that lack high-ionization and/or broad lines in their optical spectra are far less likely to be selected as AGNs by mid-infrared color selection techniques. The fraction of X-ray sources identified as AGN in the mid-infrared increases monotonically as the X-ray luminosity increases. Conversely, only 22% of mid-infrared-selected AGN are detected at X-ray energies in the moderately deep (t_exp_n~ 100 ks) SEXSI Chandra data. The authors have expanded the multi-wavelength data available for six SEXSI fields by obtaining Spitzer imaging observations. All six fields have deep Chandra X-ray images, optical imaging, and extensive, deep optical spectroscopy -- all of which has been published in Harrison et al. (2003, ApJ, 596, 944), Eckart et al. (2005, ApJS, 156, 35), and Eckart et al. (2006, ApJS, 165, 19). The authors obtained mid-infrared imaging through both archival and targeted Spitzer programs which include imaging at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 micron (µm) from IRAC (PID 00017, 00064, 20694 and 20808), and imaging at 24 um from MIPS (PID 20808 and 00083). This table contains mid-IR photometric data for 290 hard X-ray-selected SEXSI sources. Each of the four IRAC catalogs as well as the MIPS catalog was individually matched to the SEXSI X-ray source positions using a 2.5 arcseconds search radius. To calculate a false match rate, the authors shifted the X-ray source catalog by 1' and matched to the IRAC and MIPS catalogs; this entire procedure was repeated 6 times using different 1' shifts. The resulting false match rates were 10.1% (3.6 um), 7.2% (4.5 um), 3.7% (5.8 um), 2.6% (8.0 um), 1% (24 um), and <1% for four-band-detected IRAC sources. This table was created by the HEASARC in Match 2012 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/708/584">CDS Catalog J/ApJ/708/584</a> file table2.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the U.S. follow-on to the Einstein
Observatory and one of NASA"s Great Observatories.
Chandra was formerly known as AXAF, the Advanced X-ray
Astrophysics Facility, but renamed by NASA in December, 1998.
Originally three instruments and a high-resolution mirror carried in
one spacecraft, the project was reworked in 1992 and 1993. The Chandra
spacecraft carries a high resolution mirror, two imaging detectors,
and two sets of transmission gratings. Important Chandra features are:
an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution, good
sensitivity from 0.1 to 10 keV, and the capability for high spectral
resolution observations over most of this range.
The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) includes information about X-ray
sources detected in observations obtained using the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Release 2.0 of the catalog includes 317,167 point, compact, and extended
sources detected in ACIS and HRC-I imaging observations released
publicly prior to the end of 2014.
Observed source positions and multi-band count rates are reported, as
well as numerous derived spatial, photometric, spectral, and temporal
calibrated source properties that may be compared with data obtained
by other telescopes. Each record includes the best estimates of the
properties of a source based on data extracted from all observations
in which the source was detected.
The Chandra Source Catalog is extracted from the CXC"s Chandra Data
Archive (CDA). The CXC should be acknowledged as the source of Chandra data.
For detailed information on the Chandra Observatory and datasets see:
http://cxc.harvard.edu/ for general Chandra information;
http://cxc.harvard.edu/cda/ for the Chandra Data Archive;
http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/ for Chandra Source Catalog information.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the U.S. follow-on to the Einstein
Observatory and one of NASA"s Great Observatories.
Chandra was formerly known as AXAF, the Advanced X-ray
Astrophysics Facility, but renamed by NASA in December, 1998.
Originally three instruments and a high-resolution mirror carried in
one spacecraft, the project was reworked in 1992 and 1993. The Chandra
spacecraft carries a high resolution mirror, two imaging detectors,
and two sets of transmission gratings. Important Chandra features are:
an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution, good
sensitivity from 0.1 to 10 keV, and the capability for high spectral
resolution observations over most of this range.
The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) includes information about X-ray
sources detected in observations obtained using the Chandra X-ray
Observatory. Release 1.1 of the catalog includes about 138,000 point
and compact sources with observed spatial extents less than ~30 arcsec
detected in a subset of ACIS and HRC-I imaging observations released
publicly prior to the end of 2009.
Observed source positions and multi-band count rates are reported, as
well as numerous derived spatial, photometric, spectral, and temporal
calibrated source properties that may be compared with data obtained
by other telescopes. Each record includes the best estimates of the
properties of a source based on data extracted from all observations
in which the source was detected.
The Chandra Source Catalog is extracted from the CXC"s Chandra Data
Archive (CDA). The CXC should be acknowledged as the source of Chandra data.
For detailed information on the Chandra Observatory and datasets see:
http://cxc.harvard.edu/ for general Chandra information;
http://cxc.harvard.edu/cda/ for the Chandra Data Archive;
http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/ for Chandra Source Catalog information.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the U.S. follow-on to the Einstein
Observatory and one of NASA"s Great Observatories.
Chandra was formerly known as AXAF, the Advanced X-ray
Astrophysics Facility, but renamed by NASA in December, 1998.
Originally three instruments and a high-resolution mirror carried in
one spacecraft, the project was reworked in 1992 and 1993. The Chandra
spacecraft carries a high resolution mirror, two imaging detectors,
and two sets of transmission gratings. Important Chandra features are:
an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution, good
sensitivity from 0.1 to 10 keV, and the capability for high spectral
resolution observations over most of this range.
The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) includes information about X-ray
sources detected in observations obtained using the Chandra X-ray
Observatory. Release 2.0 of the catalog includes 317,167 point,
compact, and extended sources detected in ACIS and HRC-I imaging
observations released publicly prior to the end of 2014.
Observed source positions and multi-band count rates are reported, as
well as numerous derived spatial, photometric, spectral, and temporal
calibrated source properties that may be compared with data obtained
by other telescopes. Each record includes the best estimates of the
properties of a source based on data extracted from all observations
in which the source was detected.
The Chandra Source Catalog is extracted from the CXC"s Chandra Data
Archive (CDA). The CXC should be acknowledged as the source of Chandra data.
For detailed information on the Chandra Observatory and datasets see:
http://cxc.harvard.edu/ for general Chandra information;
http://cxc.harvard.edu/cda/ for the Chandra Data Archive;
http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/ for Chandra Source Catalog information.
The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) is the definitive catalog of X-ray sources detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. By combining Chandra's sub-arcsecond on-axis spatial resolution and low instrumental background with consistent data processing, the CSC delivers a wide variety of uniformly calibrated properties and science ready data products for detected sources over four decades of flux. The Chandra Source Catalog version 2.1 (CSC 2.1) was released on April 2nd 2024; the current minor release is version 2.1.1, updated on 2024 October 18. (Refer to the <a href="https://cxc.cfa.harvard.edu/csc/versions.html">version history</a> for details.) This release of the catalog includes measured properties for 407,806 unique compact and extended X-ray sources in the sky, allowing statistical analysis of large samples, as well as individual source studies in the "Master Sources" table, provided herein. The extracted properties are provided for 1,304,376 individual observation detections, identified in Chandra ACIS and HRC-I imaging observations released publicly through the end of 2021, at the <a href="https://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/about.html">Chandra X-ray Center</a>. CSC 2.1.1 includes -- as an "alpha" release -- photometric properties for 1,717 highly extended (> ~30") sources, together with surface brightness polygons for several contour levels. The sensitivity limit for compact sources in CSC 2.1.1 is ~5 net counts, achieved by using a two-stage approach that involves co-adding multiple observations of the same field prior to source detection, and then using an optimized source detection method. For each X-ray detection and source, the catalog provides a detailed set of more than 100 tabulated positional, spatial, photometric, spectral, and temporal properties (each with associated lower and upper confidence intervals and measured in multiple energy bands). The catalog Bayesian aperture photometry code produces robust photometric probability density functions (PDFs), even in crowded fields and for low count detections. Releases beyond 2 use Bayesian Blocks analysis to identify multiple observations of the same source that have similar photometric properties, and these are analyzed simultaneously to improve S/N. The energy bands used to derive many of the CSC properties are defined in Table 4 of the reference paper: ultrasoft (u: 0.2-0.5 keV), soft (s: 0.5-1.2 keV), medium (m: 1.2-2.0 keV), hard (h: 2.0-7.0) and broad (b: 0.5-7.0 keV) for the ACIS energy bands, and wide (w: 0.1-10.0 keV) for the HRC energy band. The energy bands are chosen to optimize the detectability of X-ray sources while simultaneously maximizing the discrimination between different spectral shapes on X-ray color-color diagrams. Numerous source-specific catalog properties are evaluated within defined apertures. The authors define the "PSF 90% ECF aperture" for each source to be the ellipse that encloses 90% of the total counts in a model PSF centered on the source position. Because the size of the PSF is energy-dependent, the dimensions of the PSF 90% ECF aperture vary with energy band. They define the "source region aperture" for each source to be equal to the corresponding 3-sigma source region ellipse included in the merged source list, scaled by a factor of 1.5. Like the PSF 90% ECF aperture, the source region aperture is also centered on the source position, but the dimensions of the aperture are independent of energy band. This database table was last updated by the HEASARC in March 2025 and is based on a download of the online version of the Chandra Source Catalog, v2.1.1, at the CXC using the CLI. Refer to <a href="http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/">http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/</a> for details. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
