- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/142/108
- Title:
- Radio variability of compact, flat-spectrum AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/142/108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The 4.9GHz Micro-Arcsecond Scintillation-Induced Variability (MASIV) Survey detected a drop in interstellar scintillation (ISS) for sources at redshifts z>~2, indicating an apparent increase in angular diameter or a decrease in flux density of the most compact components of these sources relative to their extended emission. This can result from intrinsic source size effects or scatter broadening in the intergalactic medium (IGM) in excess of the expected (1+z)^1/2^ angular diameter scaling of brightness temperature limited sources resulting from cosmological expansion. We report here 4.9GHz and 8.4GHz observations and data analysis for a sample of 140 compact, flat-spectrum sources which may allow us to determine the origin of this angular diameter-redshift relation by exploiting their different wavelength dependences. In addition to using ISS as a cosmological probe, the observations provide additional insight into source morphologies and the characteristics of ISS.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A169
- Title:
- Radio variability to identifying changing jets
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/654/A169
- Date:
- 16 Mar 2022 00:56:46
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Supermassive black holes can launch highly relativistic jets with velocities reaching Lorentz factors of as high as {GAMMA}>50. How the jets accelerate to such high velocities and where along the jet they reach terminal velocity are open questions that are tightly linked to their structure as well as their launching and dissipation mechanisms. Changes in the beaming factor along the jets could potentially reveal jet acceleration, deceleration, or bending. We aim to (1) quantify the relativistic effects in multiple radio frequencies and (2) study possible jet velocity-viewing angle variations at parsec scales. We used the state-of-the-art code Magnetron to model light curves from the University of Michigan Radio Observatory and the Metsahovi Radio Observatory's monitoring programs in five frequencies covering about 25 years of observations in the 4.8 to 37GHz range for 61 sources. We supplement our data set with high-frequency radio observations in the 100-340GHz range from ALMA, CARMA, and SMA. For each frequency we estimate the Doppler factor which we use to quantify possible changes in the relativistic effects along the jets. The majority of our sources do not show any statistically significant difference in their Doppler factor across frequencies. This is consistent with constant velocity in a conical jet structure, as expected at parsec scales. However, our analysis reveals 17 sources where relativistic beaming changes as a function of frequency. In the majority of cases, the Doppler factor increases towards lower frequencies. Only 1253-053 shows the opposite behavior. By exploring their jet properties we find that the jet of 0420-014 is likely bent across the 4.8-340GHz range. For 0212+735, the jet is likely parabolic, and still accelerating in the 4.8-37GHz range. We discuss possible interpretations for the trends found in the remaining sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/472/805
- Title:
- Radio-X-ray sources in the HDF(N) region.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/472/805
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This catalogue lists the properties of 62 radio sources in the Hubble Deep Field (North) and Flanking Fields (HDFN) which were also detected by the Chandra X-ray satellite (see Alexander et al., 2003, Cat. <J/AJ/126/539>, file cdfn). This includes 55/92 sources brighter than 40uJy detected by MERLIN+VLA at 1.4GHz (see Muxlow et al., 2005, Cat. <J/MNRAS/358/1159>, Richards, 2000, Cat. <J/ApJ/533/611>); some were also detected by the VLA at 8.4GHz (Richards et al., 1998AJ....116.1039R) including 7 selected at this frequency. The cross-matching, derivation of properties and analysis are described fully in the paper. The radio data have a positional accuracy of 15 mas with respect to the ICRS (Muxlow et al., 2005, Cat. <J/MNRAS/358/1159>) but data using the GOODS HST ACS (Giavalisco et al., 2004, Cat. <II/261>) positions requires a shift of -342mas in Declination for alignment with the ICRS. We use measurements taken from the radio observations and from the literature to compile the flux densities, sizes and spectral/photon indices of the cross-matched radio+X-ray sources and their redshifts (where available), enabling us to derive the rest-frame luminosities. The 1.4-GHz detections are all resolved at 0.2-2arcsec resolution. The radio emission was classified using the source morphologies and radio spectral indices; optical and IR information was used as supporting evidence only. On this basis, starbursts outnumber radio AGN 3:1. The high-redshift starbursts have typical sizes of 5-10kpc and star formation rates of around 1000 Msun/yr, an order of magnitude more extended and intense than in the local universe. The X-ray sources are unresolved but their luminosity and spectral indices allows X-ray AGN and obscured (Type II) AGN to be identified (2004A&A...424..545P). In this way, we can distinguish between the origins of radio and X-ray emission from the same object. There is no obvious correlation between radio and X-ray luminosities nor spectral indices at z>1.3. About 70% of both the radio-selected AGN and the starburst samples were detected by Chandra. The X-ray luminosity indicates the presence of an AGN in at least half of the 45 cross-matched radio starbursts. Eleven of these are type-II AGN, of which 7 are at z>1.5. This distribution overlaps closely with the X-ray detected radio sources which were also detected by SCUBA. Almost all extended radio starbursts at z>1.3 host X-ray selected obscured AGN. The radio emission from most of these ultra-luminous objects is dominated by star formation although the highest redshift (z=4.424) source has a substantial AGN contribution. Star-formation appears to contribute less than 1/3 of their X-ray luminosity. Our results support the inferences from SCUBA and IR data, that at z>1.5, star formation is observably more extended and more copious, it is closely linked to AGN activity and it is triggered differently, compared with star formation at lower redshifts.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/450/2658
- Title:
- RATAN-600 flux densities of 123 blazars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/450/2658
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the correlation between gamma-ray and radio band radiation for 123 blazars, using the Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) and the RATAN-600 data obtained at the same period of time (within a few months).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/AstBu/69.266
- Title:
- RATAN-600 flux densities of 37 blazars
- Short Name:
- J/other/AstBu/69
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We study the correlation between the emission from the broad-line region (BLR) and the emission in other wavelength ranges (from radio to x-ray) for the sample of 37 blazars (25 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 10 BL Lac blazars). Studying the relation between luminosities in various wavebands and the BLR luminosity is an effective method to examine the connection between the accretion rate and the luminosity of the jet.We used simultaneous RATAN-600measurements of blazar flux densities at six frequencies: 1.1, 2.3, 4.8, 7.7, 11.2, and 21.7GHz. The observational data from other bands was taken from the literature. To determine the effect produced by the state of the object on the correlation, for the radio data we used the measurements obtained with the RATAN-600 in two states-namely, the maximum and minimum flux density values.We show that at some frequencies of the radio band, there exists a correlation of emission with the emission in the BLR for two types of blazars. In the FSRQ and BL Lac blazars, the correlation between the flux from the BLR and the flux in the radio band is indistinguishable in all cases, except for the case when a strong flux density variation was considered for the BL Lac-type of blazars (tens of percent). At the same time, the levels of significance for BL Lac (at certain frequencies p is worse than 0.05) in the active state indicate only the probable presence of connection. On the example of the sample, we show that the variability of emission significantly affects the level of correlation. Our results are consistent with the theoretical predictions about the close relationship of the accretion disk and the jet in blazars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Sci/338.1445
- Title:
- Relativistic jets from black hole systems
- Short Name:
- J/other/Sci/338.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Black holes generate collimated, relativistic jets, which have been observed in {gamma}-ray bursts (GRBs), microquasars, and at the center of some galaxies [active galactic nuclei (AGN)]. How jet physics scales from stellar black holes in GRBs to the supermassive ones in AGN is still unknown. Here, we show that jets produced by AGN and GRBs exhibit the same correlation between the kinetic power carried by accelerated particles and the {gamma}-ray luminosity, with AGN and GRBs lying at the low- and high-luminosity ends, respectively, of the correlation. This result implies that the efficiency of energy dissipation in jets produced in black hole systems is similar over 10 orders of magnitude in jet power, establishing a physical analogy between AGN and GRBs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/133/2357
- Title:
- Relativistic jets in the RRFID database
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/133/2357
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of an analysis of relativistic jet apparent speeds from VLBI images in the Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID). The images are snapshot VLBI images at 8 and 2GHz using the VLBA, plus up to 10 additional antennas that provide global VLBI coverage. We have analyzed the 8GHz images from the first 5 years of the database (1994-1998), for all sources observed at three or more epochs during this time range. This subset comprises 966 images of 87 sources. The sources in this subset have an average of 11 epochs of observation over the years 1994-1998, with the best-observed sources having 19 epochs. About half of the sources in this RRFID kinematic survey have not been previously studied with multi-epoch VLBI observations. We have measured apparent speeds for a total of 184 jet components in 77 sources, of which the best-measured 94 component speeds in 54 sources are used in the final analysis.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/758/84
- Title:
- Relativistic jets in the RRFID database. II. 10yr
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/758/84
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We analyze blazar jet apparent speeds and accelerations from the RDV series of astrometric and geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiments. From these experiments, we have produced and analyzed 2753 global VLBI images of 68 sources at 8GHz with a median beam size of 0.9 milliarcseconds (mas) and a median of 43 epochs per source. From this sample, we analyze the motions of 225 jet components in 66 sources. The distribution of the fastest measured apparent speed in each source has a median of 8.3c and a maximum of 44c. Sources in the 2FGL Fermi LAT catalog display higher apparent speeds than those that have not been detected. On average, components farther from the core in a given source have significantly higher apparent speeds than components closer to the core; for example, for a typical source, components at ~3mas from the core (~15pc projected at z~0.5) have apparent speeds about 50% higher than those of components at ~1mas from the core (~5pc projected at z~0.5). We measure accelerations of components in orthogonal directions parallel and perpendicular to their average velocity vector. Parallel accelerations have significantly larger magnitudes than perpendicular accelerations, implying that observed accelerations are predominantly due to changes in the Lorentz factor (bulk or pattern) rather than projection effects from jet bending. Positive parallel accelerations are significantly more common than negative ones, so the Lorentz factor (bulk or pattern) tends to increase on the scales observed here. Observed parallel accelerations correspond to modest source frame increases in the bulk or pattern Lorentz factor.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A8
- Title:
- Resolved jet of 3C 273 at 150 MHz
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A8
- Date:
- 02 Feb 2022 13:25:19
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Since its discovery in 1963, 3C 273 has become one of the most widely studied quasars with investigations spanning the electromagnetic spectrum. While much has therefore been discovered about this historically notable source, its low-frequency emission is far less well understood. Observations in the MHz regime have traditionally lacked the resolution required to explore small-scale structures, such as knots and diffuse jet emission, that are key to understanding the processes that result in the observed emission. Advances in the processing of LOFAR international baseline data have now removed this limitation, providing the opportunity to explore this key area for the first time. In this paper we use the first sub-arcsecond images of 3C 273 at MHz frequencies to investigate the morphology of the compact jet structures and the processes that result in the observed spectrum. We will determine the jet's kinetic power, place constraints on the bulk speed and inclination angle of the jets, and look for evidence of the elusive counterjet at 150MHz. Using the full complement of LOFAR's international stations (German, Poland, France, UK, Sweden), we produce 0.31x0.21 arcsec images of 3C 273 at 150MHz. Using ancillary data at GHz frequencies, we fit free-free absorption (FFA) and synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) models to each region in order to determine their validity in explaining the observed spectra. The images presented display for the first time that robust, high-fidelity imaging of low-declination complex sources is now possible with the LOFAR international baselines. We show that the main small-scale structures of 3C 273 match those seen at higher frequencies, with a tenuous detection of an extension to the outer lobe. We find that FFA and SSA models are able to describe the spectrum of the knots and, while differentiating between model types requires further observations, conclude that absorption is present in the observed emission. We determine the kinetic power of the jet to be in the range of 3.5x10^43^-1.5x10^44^erg/s which agrees with estimates made using higher frequency observations. We derive lower limits for the bulk speed and Lorentz factor of beta>0.55 and Gamma>1.2 respectively. The counter-jet remains undetected at 150MHz, placing a limit on the peak brightness of S_cj_150<40mJy/beam.
160. ROSAT AGN content
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/109/147
- Title:
- ROSAT AGN content
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/109/147
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The cross-correlation of the source list from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey with the 5 GHz Green Bank survey yields a list of 2127 objects. About two thirds of them are optically unidentified. The majority of the objects with known optical counterparts are quasars and radio galaxies, most of them detected in X-rays for the first time. In this paper we present a list of the previously optically identified objects with their main characteristics and discuss their general (bulk) properties. We find strong correlations between luminosities in the radio, optical, and X-ray bands which differ for quasars and radio galaxies.