- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/807/150
- Title:
- 230GHz VLBI observations of M87
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/807/150
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report on 230GHz (1.3mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0{deg} as expected by physically motivated models for 230GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is ~1x10^10^K derived from the compact flux density of ~1Jy and the angular size of ~40{mu}as~5.5R_s_, which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1-86GHz located within ~10^2^R_s_. Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) {gamma}-ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. Our measurements, combined with results of multi-wavelength observations, favor a scenario in which the VHE region has an extended size of ~20-60R_s_.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Galax/9.99
- Title:
- Giant Radio Galaxies in RACS
- Short Name:
- J/other/Galax/9.
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the results of a visual inspection of images of the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) in search of extended radio galaxies (ERG) that reach or exceed linear sizes on the order of one Megaparsec. We searched a contiguous area of 1059deg^2^ from RA=20h20m to 06h20m, and -50{deg}<Dec<-40{deg} which is covered by deep multi-band optical images of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and in which previously only three ERGs larger than 1Mpc had been reported. For over 1800 radio galaxy candidates inspected, our search in optical and infrared images resulted in hosts for 1440 ERG, for which spectroscopic and photometric redshifts from various references were used to convert their largest angular size (LAS) to projected linear size (LLS). This resulted in 178 newly discovered giant radio sources (GRS) with LLS>1Mpc, of which 18 exceed 2Mpc and the largest one is 3.4Mpc. Their redshifts range from 0.02 to about 2.0, but only 10 of the 178 new GRS have spectroscopic redshifts. For the 146 host galaxies the median r-band magnitude and redshift are 20.9 and 0.64, while for the 32 quasars or candidates these are 19.7 and 0.75. Merging the six most recent large compilations of GRS results in 458 GRS larger than 1Mpc, so we were able to increase this number by about 39 per cent to now 636.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/PASA/38.41
- Title:
- GLEAM 200MHz local radio luminosity function
- Short Name:
- J/other/PASA/38.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) is a radio continuum survey at 76-227MHz of the entire southern sky (Declination <+30{deg}) with an angular resolution of ~2arcmin. In this paper, we combine GLEAM data with optical spectroscopy from the 6dF Galaxy Survey to construct a sample of 1,590 local (median z~0.064) radio sources with S_200MHz_>55mJy across an area of ~16700deg^2^. From the optical spectra, we identify the dominant physical process responsible for the radio emission from each galaxy: 73 per cent are fuelled by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and 27 per cent by star formation. We present the local radio luminosity function for AGN and star-forming galaxies at 200MHz and characterise the typical radio spectra of these two populations between 76MHz and ~1GHz. For the AGN, the median spectral index between 200MHz and ~1GHz, {alpha}, is -0.600+/-0.010 (where S proportional to {nu}^{alpha}^) and the median spectral index within the GLEAM band, {alpha}_low_, is -0.704+/-0.011. For the star-forming galaxies, the median value of {alpha}_high_ is -0.650+/-0.010 and the median value of {alpha}_low_ is -0.596+/-0.015. Among the AGN population, flat-spectrum sources are more common at lower radio luminosity, suggesting the existence of a significant population of weak radio AGN that remain core-dominated even at low frequencies. However, around 4 per cent of local radio AGN have ultra-steep radio spectra at low frequencies ({alpha}_low_<-1.2). These ultra-steep-spectrum sources span a wide range in radio luminosity, and further work is needed to clarify their nature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/544/A25
- Title:
- GPS radio sources multifrequency study
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/544/A25
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Gigahertz peaked spectrum (GPS) radio sources are a class of extragalactic radio sources characterized by a spectral peak in the gigahertz domain. They are a mixed class of quasars and galaxies. A large proportion of the sources studied in the literature have only few data points in the radio domain, and the determination of variability and shape of the simultaneous spectra is inadequate. Sources currently included in the GPS source lists are very heterogeneous. We present the observational results from 12 observing campaigns (carried out between 2006 and 2010) at the RATAN-600 radio telescope to obtain the simultaneous radio spectra, which is valuable and necessary to derive genuine GPS sources from flat-spectrum radio sources caught in a flaring state when their spectra are temporarily inverted. The sample contains both quasar- and galaxy-type GPS (122 sources) identified in the literature.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A5
- Title:
- Hercules A LOFAR and JVLA images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A5
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The prominent radio source Hercules A features complex structures in its radio lobes. Despite being one of the most comprehensively studied sources in the radio sky, the origin of the ring structures in the Hercules A radio lobes remains an open question. We present the first sub-arcsecond angular resolution images at low frequencies (<300MHZ) of Hercules A, made with the International LOFAR Telescope. With the addition of data from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, we map the structure of the lobes from 144MHz to 7GHz. We explore the origin of the rings within the lobes of Hercules A, and test whether their properties are best described by a shock model where shock waves are produced by the jet propagating in the radio lobe, or an inner-lobe model in which the rings are formed by decelerated jetted plasma. From spectral index mapping, our large frequency coverage reveals that the curvature of the different ring spectra increases with distance away from the central active galactic nucleus. We demonstrate that the spectral shape of the rings is consistent with synchrotron aging, which speaks in favor of an inner-lobe model, where the rings are formed from the deposition of material from past periods of intermittent core activity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/575/A44
- Title:
- HI absorption in flux-selected radio AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/575/A44
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of the HI 21cm absorption in a sample of 101 flux-selected radio AGN (S_1.4GHz_>50mJy) observed with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). We detect HI absorption in 32 objects (30% of the sample). In a previous paper, we performed a spectral stacking analysis on the radio sources, while here we characterize the absorption spectra of the individual detections using the recently presented busy function. The HI absorption spectra show a broad variety of widths, shapes, and kinematical properties. The full width half maximum (FWHM) of the busy function fits of the detected HI lines lies in the range 32km/s<FWHM<570km/s, whereas the full width at 20% of the peak absorption (FW20) lies in the range 63km/s<FW20<825km/s. The width and asymmetry of the profiles allows us to identify three groups: narrow lines (FWHM<100km/s), intermediate widths (100km/s<FWHM<200km/s), and broad profiles (FWHM>200km/s). We study the kinematical and radio source properties of each group, with the goal of identifying different morphological structures of HI. Narrow lines mostly lie at the systemic velocity and are likely produced by regularly rotating HI disks or gas clouds. More HI disks can be present among galaxies with lines of intermediate widths; however, the HI in these sources is more unsettled. We study the asymmetry parameter and blueshift/redshift distribution of the lines as a function of their width. We find a trend for which narrow profiles are also symmetric, while broad lines are the most asymmetric. Among the broadest lines, more lines appear blueshifted than redshifted, similarly to what was found by previous studies. Interestingly, symmetric broad lines are absent from the sample. We argue that if a profile is broad, it is also asymmetric and shifted relative to the systemic velocity because it is tracing unsettled HI gas. In particular, besides three of the broadest (up to FW20=825km/s) detections, which are associated with gas-rich mergers, we find three new cases of profiles with blueshifted broad wings (with FW20>500km/s) in high radio power AGN. These detections are good candidates for being HI outflows. Together with the known cases of outflows already included in the sample (3C 293 and 3C 305), the detection rate of HI outflows is 5% in the total radio AGN sample. Because of the effects of spin temperature and covering factor of the outflowing gas, this fraction could represent a lower limit. However, if the relatively low detection rate is confirmed by more detailed observations, it would suggest that, if outflows are a characteristic phenomenon of all radio AGN, they would have a short depletion timescale compared to the lifetime of the radio source. This would be consistent with results found for some of the outflows traced by molecular gas. Using stacking techniques, in our previous paper we showed that compact radio sources have higher {tau}, FWHM, and column density than extended sources. In addition, here we find that blueshifted and broad/asymmetric lines are more often present among compact sources. In good agreement with the results of stacking, this suggests that unsettled gas is responsible for the larger stacked FWHM detected in compact sources. Therefore in such sources the HI is more likely to be unsettled. This may arise as a result of jet-cloud interactions, as young radio sources clear their way through the rich ambient gaseous medium.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/245/3
- Title:
- HI 21cm and OH 18cm absorption search with the GBT
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/245/3
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of a large search for intrinsic HI 21cm and OH 18cm absorption in 145 compact radio sources in the redshift range 0.02<z<3.8 with the Green Bank Telescope. We redetect HI 21cm absorption toward six known absorption systems, but detect no new HI or OH absorption in 102 interference-free sources. Seventy-nine sources have not previously been observed for HI 21cm absorption. We recover a mean optical depth limit of {tau}_3{sigma}_<0.023 for all the nondetections in the survey. Our results do not support the high intrinsic absorption rates found by previous studies in compact radio sources at low redshift. Our results do, however, support the hypothesis proposed by Curran+ (2019MNRAS.484.1182C) that high ultraviolet (UV) luminosity active galactic nuclei do not show intrinsic HI 21cm absorption, confirming a threshold of L_UV_=10^23^W/Hz, above which our intrinsic absorption fraction is zero (54 sources). The exact nature of the UV luminosity effect on HI absorption systems remains ambiguous. We additionally find no statistical correlation between the 1.4GHz radio luminosity or the source size and the 21cm absorption detection rate. We attribute the lack of intrinsic absorption in our survey to the UV luminosity effect caused by an optical selection bias and a decreased column density sensitivity with increasing redshift due to lower radio continuum flux densities, high radio frequency interference, and higher telescope system temperatures at low frequencies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/619/A88
- Title:
- High cadence polarization monitoring of OJ287
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/619/A88
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a multifrequency, dense radio monitoring program of the blazar OJ287 using the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope. The program aims to test different binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) scenarios and studying the physical conditions in the central region of this bright blazar. Between December 2015 and January 2017 (MJD 57370-57785), the radio electric vector position angle (EVPA) showed a large clockwise (CW) rotation by about 340{deg} with a mean rate of -1.04{deg}/day. Based on concurrent polarized Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data, the rotation seems to originate within the jet core at 43GHz. Optical polarization data show a similar monotonic CW EVPA rotation of about -1.1{deg}/day, superposed by shorter and faster rotations of about 7.8{deg}/day, mainly in the CW sense. When combined, the single dish, VLBI and optical polarization data are consistent with a polarized emission component propagating on a helical trajectory within a bent jet. We constrained the helix arc length (0.26pc) and radius (about 0.04pc) and the projected jet bending arc length (about 1.9-7.6pc). The helical trajectory covers only a part of the jet width, possibly its spine. In addition, we found a stable polarized component with EVPA (-10{deg}) perpendicular to the large scale jet, suggesting dominance of the poloidal magnetic field component.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/471/1766
- Title:
- High-redshift AGN feedback in SZ clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/471/1766
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a study of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback at higher redshifts (0.3<z<1.2) using Sunyaev-Zel'dovich selected samples of clusters from the South Pole Telescope and Atacama Cosmology Telescope surveys. In contrast to studies of nearby systems, we do not find a separation between cooling flow (CF) clusters and non-CF clusters based on the radio luminosity of the central radio source (cRS). This lack may be due to the increased incidence of galaxy-galaxy mergers at higher redshift that triggers AGN activity. In support of this scenario, we find evidence for evolution in the radio-luminosity function of the cRS, while the lower luminosity sources do not evolve much, the higher luminosity sources show a strong increase in the frequency of their occurrence at higher redshifts. We interpret this evolution as an increase in high-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs) in massive clusters at z>0.6, implying a transition from HERG-mode accretion to lower power low-excitation radio galaxy (LERG)-mode accretion at intermediate redshifts. Additionally, we use local radio-to-jet power scaling relations to estimate feedback power and find that half of the CF systems in our sample probably have enough heating to balance cooling. However, we postulate that the local relations are likely not well suited to predict feedback power in high-luminosity HERGs, as they are derived from samples composed mainly of lower luminosity LERGs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/177/103
- Title:
- HI survey of AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/177/103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have conducted a new Arecibo survey for HI emission for 113 galaxies with broad-line (type 1) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) out to recession velocities as high as ~35000km/s. The primary aim of the study is to obtain sensitive HI spectra for a well-defined, uniformly selected sample of active galaxies that have estimates of their black hole masses in order to investigate correlations between HI properties and the characteristics of the AGNs. HI emission was detected in 66 out of the 101 (65%) objects with spectra uncorrupted by radio frequency interference, among which 45 (68%) have line profiles with adequate signal-to-noise ratio and sufficiently reliable inclination corrections to yield robust deprojected rotational velocities. This paper presents the basic survey products, including an atlas of HI spectra, measurements of HI flux, line width, profile asymmetry, optical images, optical spectroscopic parameters, as well as a summary of a number of derived properties pertaining to the host galaxies. To enlarge our primary sample, we also assemble all previously published HI measurements of type 1 AGNs for which we can estimate black hole masses, which total an additional 53 objects. The final comprehensive compilation of 154 broad-line active galaxies, by far the largest sample ever studied, forms the basis of our companion paper, which uses the HI database to explore a number of properties of the AGN host galaxies.