- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/141
- Title:
- Differential photometry & RVs of HAT-P-69 & HAT-P-70
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/158/141
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Wide-field surveys for transiting planets are well suited to searching diverse stellar populations, enabling a better understanding of the link between the properties of planets and their parent stars. We report the discovery of HAT-P-69 b (TOI 625.01) and HAT-P-70 b (TOI 624.01), two new hot Jupiters around A stars from the Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) survey that have also been observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. HAT-P-69 b has a mass of 3.58_-0.58_^+0.58^ M_Jup_ and a radius of 1.676_-0.033_^+0.051^ R_Jup_ and resides in a prograde 4.79 day orbit. HAT-P-70 b has a radius of 1.87_-0.10_^+0.15^ R_Jup_ and a mass constraint of <6.78 (3{sigma}) M_Jup_ and resides in a retrograde 2.74 day orbit. We use the confirmation of these planets around relatively massive stars as an opportunity to explore the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters as a function of stellar mass. We define a sample of 47126 main-sequence stars brighter than T_mag_=10 that yields 31 giant planet candidates, including 18 confirmed planets, 3 candidates, and 10 false positives. We find a net hot Jupiter occurrence rate of 0.41+/-0.10% within this sample, consistent with the rate measured by Kepler for FGK stars. When divided into stellar mass bins, we find the occurrence rate to be 0.71+/-0.31% for G stars, 0.43+/-0.15% for F stars, and 0.26+/-0.11% for A stars. Thus, at this point, we cannot discern any statistically significant trend in the occurrence of hot Jupiters with stellar mass.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/216
- Title:
- Differential photometry & RVs of HATS-59
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/216
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the first discovery of a multi-planetary system by the HATSouth network, HATS-59b,c, a planetary system with an inner transiting hot Jupiter and an outer cold massive giant planet, which was detected via radial velocity. The inner transiting planet, HATS-59b, is on an eccentric orbit with e=0.129+/-0.049, orbiting a V=13.951+/-0.030 mag solar-like star (M_*_=1.038+/-0.039 M_{sun}_ and R_*_=1.036+/-0.067 R_{sun}_) with a period of 5.416081+/-0.000016 days. The outer companion, HATS-59c is on a circular orbit with msini=12.70+/-0.87 M_J_ and a period of 1422+/-14 days. The inner planet has a mass of 0.806+/-0.069 M_J_ and a radius of 1.126+/-0.077 R_J_, yielding a density of 0.70+/-0.16 g/cm^3^. Unlike most planetary systems that include only a single hot Jupiter, HATS-59b,c includes, in addition to the transiting hot Jupiter, a massive outer companion. The architecture of this system is valuable for understanding planet migration.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/138
- Title:
- Discovery of 2 hot Jupiters KELT-14b & KELT-15b
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the discovery of KELT-14b and KELT-15b, two hot Jupiters from the KELT-South survey. KELT-14b, an independent discovery of the recently announced WASP-122b, is an inflated Jupiter mass planet that orbits a ~5.0_-0.7_^+0.3^ Gyr, V=11.0, G2 star that is near the main sequence turnoff. The host star, KELT-14 (TYC 7638-981-1), has an inferred mass M_*_=1.18_-0.07_^+0.05^ M_{sun}_ and radius R_*_=1.37+/-0.08 R_{sun}_, and has T_eff_=5802_-92_^+95^ K, log g_*_=4.23_-0.04_^+0.05^ and [Fe/H]=0.33+/-0.09. The planet orbits with a period of 1.7100588+/-0.0000025 days (T_0_=2457091.02863+/-0.00047) and has a radius R_p_=1.52_-0.11_^+0.12^ R_J_ and mass M_p_=1.196+/-0.072 M_J_, and the eccentricity is consistent with zero. KELT-15b is another inflated Jupiter mass planet that orbits a ~4.6_-0.4_^+0.5^ Gyr, V=11.2, G0 star (TYC 8146-86-1) that is near the "blue hook" stage of evolution prior to the Hertzsprung gap, and has an inferred mass M_*_=1.181_-0.050_^+0.051^ M_{sun}_ and radius R_*_=1.48_-0.04_^+0.09^ R_{sun}_, and T_eff_=6003_-52_^+56^ K, log g_*_=4.17_-0.04_^+0.02^ and [Fe/H]=0.05+/-0.03. The planet orbits on a period of 3.329441+/-0.000016 days (T_0_=2457029.1663+/-0.0073) and has a radius R_p_=1.443_-0.057_^+0.11^ R_J_ and mass M_p_=0.91_-0.22_^+0.21^ M_J_ and an eccentricity consistent with zero. KELT-14b has the second largest expected emission signal in the K-band for known transiting planets brighter than K<10.5. Both KELT-14b and KELT-15b are predicted to have large enough emission signals that their secondary eclipses should be detectable using ground-based observatories.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/648/A73
- Title:
- Discovery of the directly imaged planet YSES 2b
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/648/A73
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To understand the origin and formation pathway of wide-orbit gas giant planets, it is necessary to expand the limited sample of these objects. The mass of exoplanets derived with spectrophotometry, however, varies strongly as a function of the age of the system and the mass of the primary star. By selecting stars with similar ages and masses, the Young Suns Exoplanet Survey (YSES) aims to detect and characterize planetary-mass companions to solar-type host stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association. Our survey is carried out with VLT/SPHERE with short exposure sequences on the order of 5-min per star per filter. The subtraction of the stellar point spread function (PSF) is based on reference star differential imaging (RDI) using the other targets (with similar colors and magnitudes) in the survey in combination with principal component analysis. Two astrometric epochs that are separated by more than one year are used to confirm co-moving companions by proper motion analysis. We report the discovery of YSES 2b, a co-moving, planetary-mass companion to the K1 star YSES 2 (TYC 8984-2245-1, 2MASS J11275535-6626046). The primary has a Gaia EDR3 distance of 110pc, and we derive a revised mass of 1.1M_{sun}_ and an age of approximately 14Myr. We detect the companion in two observing epochs southwest of the star at a position angle of 205{deg} and with a separation of ~1.05", which translates to a minimum physical separation of 115au at the distance of the system. Photometric measurements in the H and Ks bands are indicative of a late L spectral type, similar to the innermost planets around HR 8799. We derive a photometric planet mass of 6.3^+1.6^_-0.9_M_{Jup}_ using AMES-COND and AMES-dusty evolutionary models; this mass corresponds to a mass ratio of q=(0.5+/-0.1)% with the primary. This is the lowest mass ratio of a direct imaging planet around a solar-type star to date. We discuss potential formation mechanisms and find that the current position of the planet is compatible with formation by disk gravitational instability, but its mass is lower than expected from numerical simulations. Formation via core accretion must have occurred closer to the star, yet we do not find evidence that supports the required outward migration, such as via scattering off another undiscovered companion in the system. We can exclude additional companions with masses greater than 13M_{Jup}_ in the full field of view of the detector (0.15"<{rho}<5.50"), at 0.5" we can rule out further objects that are more massive than 6M_{Jup}_, and for projected separations {rho}>2arcsec we are sensitive to planets with masses as low as 2M_{Jup}_. YSES 2b is an ideal target for follow-up observations to further the understanding of the physical and chemical formation mechanisms of wide-orbit Jovian planets. The YSES strategy of short snapshot observations (<=5min) and PSF subtraction based on a large reference library proves to be extremely efficient and should be considered for future direct imaging surveys.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/165
- Title:
- Dissipation in exoplanet hosts from tidal spin-up
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/165
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Stars with hot Jupiters (HJs) tend to rotate faster than other stars of the same age and mass. This trend has been attributed to tidal interactions between the star and planet. A constraint on the dissipation parameter Q_*_' follows from the assumption that tides have managed to spin up the star to the observed rate within the age of the system. This technique was applied previously to HATS-18 and WASP-19. Here, we analyze the sample of all 188 known HJs with an orbital period <3.5 days and a "cool" host star (T_eff_<6100 K). We find evidence that the tidal dissipation parameter (Q_*_') increases sharply with forcing frequency, from 10^5^ at 0.5 day^-1^ to 10^7^ at 2 day^-1^. This helps to resolve a number of apparent discrepancies between studies of tidal dissipation in binary stars, HJs, and warm Jupiters. It may also allow for a HJ to damp the obliquity of its host star prior to being destroyed by tidal decay.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A66
- Title:
- DS Tuc A radial velocity curve
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/650/A66
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The observations of young close-in exoplanets are providing first indications of the characteristics of the population and, in turn, clues on the early stages of their evolution. Transiting planets at young ages are also key benchmarks for our understanding of planetary evolution through the verification of atmospheric escape models. We performed a radial velocity (RV) monitoring of the 40Myr old star DS Tuc A with HARPS at the ESO-3.6m to determine the planetary mass of its 8.14-days planet, first revealed by the NASA TESS satellite. We also observed two planetary transits with HARPS and ESPRESSO at ESO-VLT, to measure the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect and characterise the planetary atmosphere. We measured the high-energy emission of the host with XMM-Newton observations to investigate models for atmospheric evaporation. We employed Gaussian Processes (GP) regression to model the high level of the stellar activity, which is more than 40 times larger than the expected RV planetary signal. GPs were also used to correct the stellar contribution to the RV signal of the RM effect. We extracted the transmission spectrum of DS Tuc A b from the ESPRESSO data and searched for atmospheric elements/molecules either by single-line retrieval and by performing cross-correlation with a set of theoretical templates. Through a set of simulations, we evaluated different scenarios for the atmospheric photo-evaporation of the planet induced by the strong XUV stellar irradiation. While the stellar activity prevented us from obtaining a clear detection of the planetary signal from the RVs, we set a robust mass upper limit of 14.4Me for DS Tuc A b. We also confirm that the planetary system is almost (but not perfectly) aligned. The strong level of stellar activity hampers the detection of any atmospheric compounds, in line with other studies presented in the literature. The expected evolution of DS Tuc A b from our grid of models indicates that the planetary radius after the photo-evaporation phase will be 1.8-2.0Re, falling within the Fulton gap. The comparison of the available parameters of known young transiting planets with the distribution of their mature counterpart confirms that the former are characterised by a low density, with DS Tuc A b being one of the less dense. A clear determination of their distribution is still affected by the lack of a robust mass measurement, in particular for planets younger than ~100Myr.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/162/11
- Title:
- EDEN project: Flare activity of nearby M-dwarf Wolf 359
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/162/11
- Date:
- 16 Mar 2022 00:09:17
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We report the flare activity of Wolf359, the fifth closest star to the Sun and a candidate exoplanet-hosting M-dwarf. The star was a target of the Kepler/K2 mission and was observed by the EDEN project, a global network of 1-2m class telescopes for detection and characterization of rocky exoplanets in the habitable zones of late M-dwarfs within 50 light year from the solar system. In the combination of the archived K2 data and our EDEN observations, a total of 872 flares have been detected, 861 with the K2 (860 in the short-cadence and 18 in the long-cadence data, with 17 long-cadence events having short-cadence counterparts) and 11 with EDEN. Wolf 359 has relatively strong flare activity even among flaring M-dwarfs, in terms of the flare activity indicator (FA) defined as the integrated flare energy relative to the total stellar bolometric energy, where FA={sum}E_f_/{int}L_bol_dt~8.93x10^-5^ for the long-cadence flares, whereas for K2 short cadence and EDEN flares, the FA values are somewhat larger, FA~6.67 x 10^-4^ and FA~5.25x10^-4^, respectively. Such a level of activity, in accordance with the rotation period (P_rot_), suggests the star to be in the saturation phase. The size of the starspots is estimated to be at least 1.87%{+/-}0.59% of the projected disk area of Wolf359. We find no correlation of FA with the stellar rotational phase. Our analysis indicates a flare frequency distribution in a power-law form of dN/dE{prop}E^-{alpha}^ with {alpha}=2.13{+/-}0.14, equivalent to an occurrence rate of flares E_f_>~10^31^erg about once per day and of superflares with E_f_>~10^33^erg approximately 10 times per year. These superflares may impact the habitability of system in multiple ways, the details of which are topics for future investigations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/292
- Title:
- Effect of close companions on exoplanetary radii
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/292
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Understanding the distribution and occurrence rate of small planets was a fundamental goal of the Kepler transiting exoplanet mission, and could be improved with K2 and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Deriving accurate exoplanetary radii requires accurate measurements of the host star radii and the planetary transit depths, including accounting for any "third light" in the system due to nearby bound companions or background stars. High-resolution imaging of Kepler and K2 planet candidate hosts to detect very close (within ~0.5") background or bound stellar companions has been crucial for both confirming the planetary nature of candidates, and the determination of accurate planetary radii and mean densities. Here we present an investigation of the effect of close companions, both detected and undetected, on the observed (raw count) exoplanet radius distribution. We demonstrate that the recently detected "gap" in the observed radius distribution (also seen in the completeness-corrected distribution) is fairly robust to undetected stellar companions, given that all of the systems in the sample have undergone some kind of vetting with high-resolution imaging. However, while the gap in the observed sample is not erased or shifted, it is partially filled in after accounting for possible undetected stellar companions. These findings have implications for the most likely core composition, and thus formation location, of super-Earth and sub-Neptune planets. Furthermore, we show that without high-resolution imaging of planet candidate host stars, the shape of the observed exoplanet radius distribution will be incorrectly inferred, for both Kepler- and TESS-detected systems.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/83
- Title:
- Effect of stellar companions on planetary systems
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/83
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Kepler light curves used to detect thousands of planetary candidates are susceptible to dilution due to blending with previously unknown nearby stars. With the automated laser adaptive optics instrument, Robo-AO, we have observed 620 nearby stars around 3857 planetary candidates host stars. Many of the nearby stars, however, are not bound to the KOI. We use galactic stellar models and the observed stellar density to estimate the number and properties of unbound stars. We estimate the spectral type and distance to 145 KOIs with nearby stars using multi-band observations from Robo-AO and Keck-AO. Most stars within 1" of a Kepler planetary candidate are likely bound, in agreement with past studies. We use likely bound stars and the precise stellar parameters from the California Kepler Survey to search for correlations between stellar binarity and planetary properties. No significant difference between the binarity fraction of single and multiple-planet systems is found, and planet hosting stars follow similar binarity trends as field stars, many of which likely host their own non-aligned planets. We find that hot Jupiters are ~4x more likely than other planets to reside in a binary star system. We correct the radius estimates of the planet candidates in characterized systems and find that for likely bound systems, the estimated planetary radii will increase on average by a factor of 1.77, if either star is equally likely to host the planet. Lastly, we find the planetary radius gap is robust to the impact of dilution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/68
- Title:
- Elemental abundances of KOIs in APOGEE. I.
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) has observed ~600 transiting exoplanets and exoplanet candidates from Kepler (Kepler Objects of Interest, KOIs), most with >=18 epochs. The combined multi-epoch spectra are of high signal-to-noise ratio (typically >=100) and yield precise stellar parameters and chemical abundances. We first confirm the ability of the APOGEE abundance pipeline, ASPCAP, to derive reliable [Fe/H] and effective temperatures for FGK dwarf stars - the primary Kepler host stellar type - by comparing the ASPCAP-derived stellar parameters with those from independent high-resolution spectroscopic characterizations for 221 dwarf stars in the literature. With a sample of 282 close-in (P<100 days) KOIs observed in the APOGEE KOI goal program, we find a correlation between orbital period and host star [Fe/H] characterized by a critical period, P_crit_=8.3_-4.1_^+0.1^ days, below which small exoplanets orbit statistically more metal-enriched host stars. This effect may trace a metallicity dependence of the protoplanetary disk inner radius at the time of planet formation or may be a result of rocky planet ingestion driven by inward planetary migration. We also consider that this may trace a metallicity dependence of the dust sublimation radius, but we find no statistically significant correlation with host T_eff_ and orbital period to support such a claim.
