- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/476/908
- Title:
- Chromospheric activity in 4 open clusters
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/476/908
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use the LAMOST spectra of member stars in Pleiades, M34, Praesepe, and Hyades to study how chromospheric activity varies as a function of mass and rotation at different age. We measured excess equivalent widths of H{alpha}, H{beta}, and CaII K based on estimated chromospheric contributions from old and inactive field dwarfs, and excess luminosities are obtained by normalizing bolometric luminosity, for more than 700 late-type stars in these open clusters. Results indicate two activity sequences in cool spot coverage and H{alpha} excess emission among GK dwarfs in Pleiades and M dwarfs in Praesepe and Hyades, paralleling with well-known rotation sequences. A weak dependence of chromospheric emission on rotation exists among ultrafast rotators in saturated regime with Rossby number Ro<=0.1. In the unsaturated regime, chromospheric and coronal emission show similar dependence on Ro, but with a shift towards larger Ro, indicating chromospheric emission gets easily saturated than coronal emission, and/or convective turnover time-scales based on X-ray data do not work well with chromospheric emission. More interestingly, our analysis shows fully convective slow rotators obey the rotation-chromospheric activity relation similar to hotter stars, confirming the previous finding. We found correlations among H{alpha}, H{beta}, and CaII K emissions, in which H{alpha} losses are more important than CaII K for cooler and more active stars. In addition, a weak correlation is seen between chromospheric emission and photospheric activity that shows dependence on stellar spectral type and activity level, which provides some clues on how spot configuration varies as a function of mass and activity level.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/835/61
- Title:
- Chromospherically active stars in RAVE. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/835/61
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A large sample of over 38000 chromospherically active candidate solar-like stars and cooler dwarfs from the RAVE survey is addressed in this paper. An improved activity identification with respect to the previous study was introduced to build a catalog of field stars in the solar neighborhood with an excess emission flux in the calcium infrared triplet wavelength region. The central result of this work is the calibration of the age-activity relation for main-sequence dwarfs in a range from a few 10Myr up to a few Gyr. It enabled an order of magnitude age estimation of the entire active sample. Almost 15000 stars are shown to be younger than 1Gyr and ~2000 younger than 100Myr. The young age of the most active stars is confirmed by their position off the main sequence in the J-K versus N_UV_-V diagram showing strong ultraviolet excess, mid-infrared excess in the J-K versus W_1_-W_2_ diagram, and very cool temperatures (J-K>0.7). They overlap with the reference pre-main-sequence RAVE stars often displaying X-ray emission. The activity level increasing with the color reveals their different nature from the solar-like stars and probably represents an underlying dynamo-generating magnetic fields in cool stars. Of the RAVE objects from DR5, 50% are found in the TGAS catalog and supplemented with accurate parallaxes and proper motions by Gaia. This makes the database of a large number of young stars in a combination with RAVE's radial velocities directly useful as a tracer of the very recent large-scale star formation history in the solar neighborhood.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/814/L6
- Title:
- CIII] emission in near & far star-forming galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/814/L6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We measure [C III] 1907, C III] 1909{AA} emission lines in 11 gravitationally lensed star-forming galaxies at z~1.6-3, finding much lower equivalent widths than previously reported for fainter lensed galaxies. While it is not yet clear what causes some galaxies to be strong C III] emitters, C III] emission is not a universal property of distant star-forming galaxies. We also examine C III] emission in 46 star-forming galaxies in the local universe, using archival spectra from GHRS, FOS, and STIS on HST and IUE. Twenty percent of these local galaxies show strong C III] emission, with equivalent widths <-5{AA}. Three nearby galaxies show C III] emission equivalent widths as large as the most extreme emitters yet observed in the distant universe; all three are Wolf-Rayet galaxies. At all redshifts, strong C III] emission may pick out low-metallicity galaxies experiencing intense bursts of star formation. Such local C iii] emitters may shed light on the conditions of star formation in certain extreme high-redshift galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/755/171
- Title:
- [CII]158um line fluxes of AGN from Herschel
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/755/171
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Results are presented for [CII] 158{mu}m line fluxes observed with the Herschel PACS instrument in 112 sources with both starburst and active galactic nucleus (AGN) classifications, of which 102 sources have confident detections. Results are compared with mid-infrared spectra from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer and with L_ir_ from IRAS fluxes; AGN/starburst classifications are determined from equivalent width of the 6.2{mu}m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature. It is found that the [CII] line flux correlates closely with the flux of the 11.3{mu}m PAH feature independent of AGN/starburst classification, log[f([CII]158{mu}m)/f(11.3{mu}mPAH)]=-0.22+/-0.25. It is concluded that the [CII] line flux measures the photodissociation region associated with starbursts in the same fashion as the PAH feature. A calibration of star formation rate (SFR) for the starburst component in any source having [CII] is derived comparing [CII] luminosity L([CII]) to L_ir_ with the result that logSFR=logL([CII)])-7.08+/-0.3, for SFR in M_{sun}_/yr and L([CII]) in L_{sun}_. The decreasing ratio of L([CII]) to L_ir_ in more luminous sources (the "[CII] deficit") is shown to be a consequence of the dominant contribution to L_ir_arising from a luminous AGN component because the sources with the largest L_ir_ and smallest L([CII])/L_ir_ are AGNs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/796/140
- Title:
- Circumgalactic medium surrounding z~2 quasars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/796/140
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We survey the incidence and absorption strength of the metal-line transitions C II 1334 and C IV 1548 from the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding z~2 quasars, which act as signposts for massive dark matter halos M_halo_~10^12.5^ M_{sun}_. On scales of the virial radius (r_vir_~160 kpc), we measure a high covering fraction f_C_=0.73+/-0.10 to strong C II 1334 absorption (rest equivalent width W_1334_>=0.2 {AA}), implying a massive reservoir of cool (T~10^4^ K) metal enriched gas. We conservatively estimate a metal mass exceeding 10^8^ M_{sun}_. We propose that these metals trace enrichment of the incipient intragroup/intracluster medium that these halos eventually inhabit. This cool CGM around quasars is the pinnacle among galaxies observed at all epochs, as regards covering the fraction and average equivalent width of H I Ly{alpha} and low-ion metal absorption. We argue that the properties of this cool CGM primarily reflect the halo mass, and that other factors such as feedback, star-formation rate, and accretion from the intergalactic medium are secondary. We further estimate that the CGM of massive, z~2 galaxies accounts for the majority of strong Mg II absorption along random quasar sightlines. Last, we detect an excess of strong C IV 1548 absorption (W_1548_>=0.3 {AA}) over random incidence to the 1 Mpc physical impact parameter and measure the quasar-C IV cross-correlation function: {zeta}_CIV_-Q(r)=(r/r_0_)^-{gamma}^ with r_0_=7.5_-1.4_^+2.8^ h^-1^ Mpc and {gamma}=1.7_-0.2_^+0.1^. Consistent with previous work on larger scales, we infer that this highly ionized C IV gas traces massive (10^12^ M_{sun}_) halos.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/451/3173
- Title:
- Circumnuclear star-forming regions
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/451/3173
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present photometry in U, B, V, R and I continuum bands and in H{alpha} and H{beta} emission lines for a sample of 336 circumnuclear star-forming regions located in early-type spiral galaxies with different levels of activity in their nuclei. They are nearby galaxies, with distances less than 100Mpc, 60 per cent of which are considered as interacting objects. This survey of 20 nuclear rings aims to provide insight into their star formation properties as age, stellar population and star formation rate. Extinction-corrected H{alpha} luminosities range from 1.3x10^38^ to 4x10^41^erg/s, with most of the regions showing values between 39.5<=logL_H{alpha}_<=40, which implies masses for the ionizing clusters higher than 2x10^5^M_{sun}_. H{alpha} and H{beta} images have allowed us to obtain an accurate measure of extinction. We have found an average value of A_V_=1.85 mag. (U-B) colour follows a two maximum distribution around (U-B)=~-0.7, and -0.3; (R-I) also presents a bimodal behaviour, with maximum values of 0.6 and 0.9. Reddest (U-B) and (R-I) regions appear in non-interacting galaxies. Reddest (R-I) regions lie in strongly barred galaxies. For a significant number of HII regions, the observed colours and equivalent widths are not well reproduced by single burst evolutionary theoretical models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/156/75
- Title:
- Circumstellar disks in the Upper Sco association
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/156/75
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have performed a survey for new members of the Upper Sco association that have circumstellar disks using mid-infrared photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Through optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, we have confirmed 185 candidates as likely members of Upper Sco with spectral types ranging from mid-K to M9. They comprise ~36% of the known disk-bearing members of the association. We also have compiled all available mid-infrared photometry from WISE and the Spitzer Space Telescope for the known members of Upper Sco, resulting in a catalog of data for 1608 objects. We have used these data to identify the members that exhibit excess emission from disks and we have classified the evolutionary stages of those disks with criteria similar to those applied in our previous studies of Taurus and Upper Sco. Among 484 members with excesses in at least one band (excluding five Be stars), we classify 296 disks as full, 66 as evolved, 19 as transitional, 22 as evolved or transitional, and 81 as evolved transitional or debris. Many of these disks have not been previously reported, including 129 full disks and 50 disks that are at more advanced evolutionary stages.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/449/1593
- Title:
- CIV absorption in BAL QSOs
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/449/1593
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- There is a large diversity in the CIV broad absorption line (BAL) profile among BAL quasars (BALQs). We quantify this diversity by exploring the distribution of the CIV BAL properties, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), maximum depth of absorption and its velocity shift (v_md_), using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 quasar catalogue. We find the following: (i) Although the median CIV BAL profile in the quasar rest-frame becomes broader and shallower as the UV continuum slope ({alpha}UV at 1700-3000{AA}) gets bluer, the median individual profile in the absorber rest-frame remains identical, and is narrow (FWHM=3500km/s) and deep. Only 4 percent of BALs have FWHM>10000km/s. (ii) As the HeII emission equivalent width (EW) decreases, the distributions of FWHM and v_md_ extend to larger values, and the median maximum depth increases. These trends are consistent with theoretical models in which softer ionizing continua reduce overionization, and allow radiative acceleration of faster BAL outflows. (iii) As {alpha}_UV_ becomes bluer, the distribution of v_md_ extends to larger values. This trend may imply faster outflows at higher latitudes above the accretion disc plane. (iv) For non-BALQs, the CIV emission line decreases with decreasing HeII EW, and becomes more asymmetric and blueshifted. This suggests an increasing relative contribution of emission from the BAL outflow to the Civ emission line as the ionizing spectral energy distribution (SED) gets softer, which is consistent with the increasing fraction of BALQs as the ionizing SED gets softer.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/702/767
- Title:
- CIV and FeK{alpha} Baldwin effects in AGNs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/702/767
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We use UV/optical and X-ray observations of 272 radio-quiet Type 1 active galactic nuclei and quasars to investigate the CIV Baldwin Effect (BEff). The UV/optical spectra are drawn from the Hubble Space Telescope, International Ultraviolet Explorer and Sloan Digital Sky Survey archives. The X-ray spectra are from the Chandra and XMM-Newton archives. We apply correlation and partial-correlation analyses to the equivalent widths (EWs), continuum monochromatic luminosities, and {alpha}_ox_, which characterizes the relative X-ray to UV brightness. The EW of the CIV{lambda}1549 emission line is correlated with both {alpha}_ox_ and luminosity. In our sample, narrow Fe K{alpha} 6.4keV emission lines are detected in 50 objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/777/168
- Title:
- CIV and SiIV broad absorption line troughs in SDSS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/777/168
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a detailed investigation of the variability of 428 CIV and 235 SiIV broad absorption line (BAL) troughs identified in multi-epoch observations of 291 quasars by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-I/II/III. These observations primarily sample rest-frame timescales of 1-3.7yr over which significant rearrangement of the BAL wind is expected. We derive a number of observational results on, e.g., the frequency of BAL variability, the velocity range over which BAL variability occurs, the primary observed form of BAL-trough variability, the dependence of BAL variability upon timescale, the frequency of BAL strengthening versus weakening, correlations between BAL variability and BAL-trough profiles, relations between CIV and SiIV BAL variability, coordinated multi-trough variability, and BAL variations as a function of quasar properties. We assess implications of these observational results for quasar winds. Our results support models where most BAL absorption is formed within an order-of-magnitude of the wind-launching radius, although a significant minority of BAL troughs may arise on larger scales. We estimate an average lifetime for a BAL trough along our line-of-sight of a few thousand years. BAL disappearance and emergence events appear to be extremes of general BAL variability, rather than being qualitatively distinct phenomena. We derive the parameters of a random-walk model for BAL EW variability, finding that this model can acceptably describe some key aspects of EW variability. The coordinated trough variability of BAL quasars with multiple troughs suggests that changes in "shielding gas" may play a significant role in driving general BAL variability.
