- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/585/A21
- Title:
- M83 magnetic and gaseous spiral arms images
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/585/A21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The magnetic field configurations in several nearby spiral galaxies contain magnetic arms that are sometimes located between the material arms. The nearby barred galaxy M83 provides an outstanding example of a spiral pattern seen in tracers of gas and magnetic field. We analyse the spatial distribution of magnetic fields in M83 and their relation to the material spiral arms. Isotropic and anisotropic wavelet transforms are used to decompose the images of M83 in various tracers to quantify structures in a range of scales from 0.2 to 10kpc. We used radio polarization observations at {lambda}6.2cm and {lambda}13cm obtained with the VLA, Effelsberg and ATCA telescopes and APEX sub-mm observations at 870{mu}m, which are first published here, together with maps of the emission of warm dust, ionized gas, molecular gas, and atomic gas. The spatial power spectra are similar for the tracers of dust, gas, and total magnetic field, while the spectra of the ordered magnetic field are significantly different. As a consequence, the wavelet cross-correlation between all material tracers and total magnetic field is high, while the structures of the ordered magnetic field are poorly correlated with those of other tracers. The magnetic field configuration in M83 contains pronounced magnetic arms. Some of them are displaced from the corresponding material arms, while others overlap with the material arms. The pitch angles of the magnetic and material spiral structures are generally similar. The magnetic field vectors at {lambda}6.2cm are aligned with the outer material arms, while significant deviations occur in the inner arms and, in particular, in the bar region, possibly due to non-axisymmetric gas flows. Outside the bar region, the typical pitch angles of the material and magnetic spiral arms are very close to each other at about 10{deg}. The typical pitch angle of the magnetic field vectors is about 20{deg} larger than that of the material spiral arms. One of the main magnetic arms in M83 is displaced from the gaseous arms similarly to the galaxy NGC6946, while the other main arm overlaps a gaseous arm, similar to what is observed in M51. We propose that a regular spiral magnetic field generated by a mean-field dynamo is compressed in material arms and partly aligned with them. The interaction of galactic dynamo action with a transient spiral pattern is a promising mechanism for producing such complicated spiral patterns as in M83.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/149/60
- Title:
- Modeling Faraday structures. I. 1100-1400 MHz
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/149/60
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Faraday rotation measures (RMs) and more general Faraday structures are key parameters for studying cosmic magnetism and are also sensitive probes of faint ionized thermal gas. A definition of which derived quantities are required for various scientific studies is needed, as well as addressing the challenges in determining Faraday structures. A wide variety of algorithms has been proposed to reconstruct these structures. In preparation for the Polarization Sky Survey of the Universe's Magnetism (POSSUM) to be conducted with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder and the ongoing Galactic Arecibo L-band Feeds Array Continuum Transit Survey (GALFACTS), we run a Faraday structure determination data challenge to benchmark the currently available algorithms, including Faraday synthesis (previously called RM synthesis in the literature), wavelet, compressive sampling, and QU-fitting. The input models include sources with one Faraday thin component, two Faraday thin components, and one Faraday thick component. The frequency set is similar to POSSUM/GALFACTS with a 300MHz bandwidth from 1.1 to 1.4GHz. We define three figures of merit motivated by the underlying science: (1) an average RM weighted by polarized intensity, RM_wtd_, (2) the separation {Delta}_{phi}_ of two Faraday components, and (3) the reduced chi-squared {Chi}_r_^2^. Based on the current test data with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 32, we find the following. (1) When only one Faraday thin component is present, most methods perform as expected, with occasional failures where two components are incorrectly found. (2) For two Faraday thin components, QU-fitting routines perform the best, with errors close to the theoretical ones for RM_wtd_ but with significantly higher errors for {Delta}_{phi}_. All other methods, including standard Faraday synthesis, frequently identify only one component when {Delta}_{phi}_ is below or near the width of the Faraday point-spread function. (3) No methods as currently implemented work well for Faraday thick components due to the narrow bandwidth. (4) There exist combinations of two Faraday components that produce a large range of acceptable fits and hence large uncertainties in the derived single RMs; in these cases, different RMs lead to the same Q, U behavior, so no method can recover a unique input model. Further exploration of all these issues is required before upcoming surveys will be able to provide reliable results on Faraday structures.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/752/126
- Title:
- Modeling the magnetic field in the solar corona
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/752/126
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation is a powerful tool for the modeling of the magnetic field in the solar corona. However, since the photospheric magnetic field does not in general satisfy the force-free condition, some kind of processing is required to assimilate data into the model. In this paper, we report the results of new preprocessing for the NLFFF extrapolation. Through this preprocessing, we expect to obtain magnetic field data similar to those in the chromosphere. In our preprocessing, we add a new term concerning chromospheric longitudinal fields into the optimization function proposed by Wiegelmann et al (2006SoPh..233..215W). We perform a parameter survey of six free parameters to find minimum force- and torque-freeness with the simulated-annealing method. Analyzed data are a photospheric vector magnetogram of AR 10953 observed with the Hinode spectropolarimeter and a chromospheric longitudinal magnetogram observed with SOLIS spectropolarimeter. It is found that some preprocessed fields show the smallest force- and torque-freeness and are very similar to the chromospheric longitudinal fields. On the other hand, other preprocessed fields show noisy maps, although the force- and torque-freeness are of the same order. By analyzing preprocessed noisy maps in the wave number space, we found that small and large wave number components balance out on the force-free index. We also discuss our iteration limit of the simulated-annealing method and magnetic structure broadening in the chromosphere.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/169/439
- Title:
- Models of solar magnetic structures
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/169/439
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- This paper presents semiempirical models of various solar magnetic structures, extending from the photosphere to the chromosphere. The models have been derived from non-LTE inversions of high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of four CaII and FeI lines. The observed targets are dark and bright components of a sunspot umbra; dark and bright components of a sunspot penumbra; a canopy between two sunspots; a facula; and a network element. These models may be employed, e.g., to compute realistic synthetic Stokes spectra of photospheric and chromospheric lines.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/545/A113
- Title:
- MOJAVE IX. Core shift effects
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/545/A113
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have investigated a frequency-dependent shift in the absolute position of the optically thick apparent origin of parsec-scale jets ("core shift" effect) to probe physical conditions in ultra-compact relativistic outflows in active galactic nuclei. We used multi-frequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 191 sources carried out in 12 epochs in 2006 within the Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments (MOJAVE) program. The observations were performed at 8.1, 8.4, 12.1, and 15.4GHz. We implemented a method of determining the core shift vector based on (i) image registration by two-dimensional normalized cross-correlation and (ii) model-fitting the source brightness distribution to take into account a non-zero core component offset from the phase center.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/614/A100
- Title:
- Molecular clouds los magnetic field structure
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/614/A100
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Magnetic fields pervade in the interstellar medium (ISM) and are believed to be important in the process of star formation, yet probing magnetic fields in star formation regions is challenging. Aims. We propose a new method to use Faraday rotation measurements in small-scale star forming regions to find the direction and magnitude of the component of magnetic field along the line of sight. We test the proposed method in four relatively nearby regions of Orion A, Orion B, Perseus, and California. We use rotation measure data from the literature. We adopt a simple approach based on relative measurements to estimate the rotation measure due to the molecular clouds over the Galactic contribution. We then use a chemical evolution code along with extinction maps of each cloud to find the electron column density of the molecular cloud at the position of each rotation measure data point. Combining the rotation measures produced by the molecular clouds and the electron column density, we calculate the line-of-sight magnetic field strength and direction. In California and Orion A, we find clear evidence that the magnetic fields at one side of these filamentary structures are pointing towards us and are pointing away from us at the other side. Even though the magnetic fields in Perseus might seem to suggest the same behavior, not enough data points are available to draw such conclusions. In Orion B, as well, there are not enough data points available to detect such behavior. This magnetic field reversal is consistent with a helical magnetic field morphology. In the vicinity of available Zeeman measurements in OMC-1, OMC-B, and the dark cloud Barnard 1, we find magnetic field values of -23+/-38uG, -129+/-28uG, and 32+/-101uG, respectively, which are in agreement with the Zeeman measurements.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/571/A61
- Title:
- M31 polarization & magnetic structure
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/571/A61
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the nearest grand-design spiral galaxy. Thus far, most studies in the radio regime concentrated on the 10kpc ring. The central region of M31 has significantly different properties than the outer parts: The star formation rate is low, and inclination and position angle are largely different from the outer disk. The existing model of the magnetic field in the radial range 6<=r<=14kpc is extended to the innermost part r<=0.5kpc to ultimately achieve a picture of the entire magnetic field in M 31. We combined observations taken with the VLA at 3.6cm and 6.2cm with data from the Effelsberg 100-m telescope to fill the missing spacings of the synthesis data. The resulting polarization maps were averaged in sectors to analyse the azimuthal behaviour of the polarized intensity (PI), rotation measure (RM), and apparent pitch angle ({phi}_obs_). We developed a simplified 3D model for the magnetic field in the central region to explain the azimuthal behaviour of the three observables. Our 3D model of a quadrupolar or dipolar dynamo field can explain the observed patterns in PI, RM, and {phi}_obs_, while a 2D configuration is not sufficient to explain the azimuthal behaviour. In addition and independent of our model, the RM pattern shows that the spiral magnetic field in the inner 0.5kpc points outward, which is opposite to that in the outer disk, and has a pitch angle of =~33{deg}, which is much larger than that of 8{deg}-19{deg} in the outer disk. The physical conditions in the central region differ significantly from those in the 10kpc ring. In addition, the orientation of this region with respect to the outer disk is completely different. The opposite magnetic field directions suggest that the central region is decoupled from the outer disk, and we propose that an independent dynamo is active in the central region.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/588/A114
- Title:
- M101 radio polarization & magnetic structure
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/588/A114
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We observed total and polarized radio continuum emission from the spiral galaxy M 101 at {lambda}{lambda}6.2cm and 11.1cm with the Effelsberg telescope. The angular resolutions are 2.5' (=5.4kpc) and 4.4' (=9.5kpc), respectively. We use these data to study various emission components in M 101 and properties of the magnetic field. Separation of thermal and non-thermal emission shows that the thermal emission is closely correlated with the spiral arms, while the non-thermal emission is more smoothly distributed indicating di ff usion of cosmic ray electrons away from their places of origin. The radial distribution of both emissions has a break near R=16kpc (=7.4'), where it steepens to an exponential scale length of L=~5kpc, which is about 2.5 times smaller than at R<16kpc. The distribution of the polarized emission has a broad maximum near R=12kpc and beyond R=16kpc also decreases with L=~5kpc. It seems that near R=16kpc a major change in the structure of M 101 takes place, which also a ff ects the distributions of the strength of the random and ordered magnetic field. Beyond R=16kpc the radial scale length of both fields is about 20kpc, which implies that they decrease to about 0.3uG at R=70kpc, which is the largest optical extent. The equipartition strength of the total field ranges from nearly 10uG at R<2kpc to 4uG at R=22-24kpc. As the random field dominates in M 101 (B_ran_/B_ord_=~2.4), wavelength-independent polarization is the main polarization mechanism. We show that energetic events causing H i shells of mean diameter <625pc could partly be responsible for this. At radii <24kpc, the random magnetic field depends on the star formation rate/area, {Sigma}_SFR_, with a power-law exponent of b=0.28+/-0.02. The ordered magnetic field is generally aligned with the spiral arms with pitch angles that are about 8{deg} larger than those of HI filaments.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/628/A103
- Title:
- Mt Wilson sunspot magnetic field measurements
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/628/A103
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Systematic observations of magnetic field strength and polarity in sunspots began at Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO), USA in early 1917. Except for a few brief interruptions, this historical dataset continues till present. Here file Figs3_5.txt contains data shown in Figures 3-5; files Fig6a.txt and Fig6b.txt contain data shown in Figure 6, and file Fig7.txt contain data for Figure 7.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/386/1881
- Title:
- New pulsar rotation measures
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/386/1881
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We measured a sample of 150 pulsar rotation measures (RMs) using the 20-cm receiver of the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. 46 of the pulsars in our sample have not had their RM values previously published, whereas 104 pulsar RMs have been revised. We used a novel quadratic fitting algorithm to obtain an accurate RM from the calibrated polarization profiles recorded across 256MHz of receiver bandwidth. The new data are used in conjunction with previously known dispersion measures and the NE2001 electron-density model to study models of the direction and magnitude of the Galactic magnetic field.
