- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/855/68
- Title:
- Massive stars in the SDSS-IV/APOGEE SURVEY. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/855/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this work, we make use of DR14 APOGEE spectroscopic data to study a sample of 92 known OB stars. We developed a near-infrared semi-empirical spectral classification method that was successfully used in case of four new exemplars, previously classified as later B-type stars. Our results agree well with those determined independently from ECHELLE optical spectra, being in line with the spectral types derived from the "canonical" MK blue optical system. This confirms that the APOGEE spectrograph can also be used as a powerful tool in surveys aiming to unveil and study a large number of moderately and highly obscured OB stars still hidden in the Galaxy.
Number of results to display per page
Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/636/A54
- Title:
- Massive young stellar objects in 30 Doradus
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/636/A54
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The process of massive star (M>=8M_{sun}_) formation is still poorly understood. Observations of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) are challenging due to their rarity, short formation timescale, large distances, and high circumstellar extinction. Here, we present the results of a spectroscopic analysis of a population of MYSOs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We took advantage of the spectral resolution and wavelength coverage of X-shooter (300-2500nm), which is mounted on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, to detect characteristic spectral features in a dozen MYSO candidates near 30 Doradus, the largest starburst region in the Local Group hosting the most massive stars known. The X-shooter spectra are strongly contaminated by nebular emission. We used a scaling method to subtract the nebular contamination from our objects. We detect H{alpha},{beta}, [OI] 630.0nm, CaII infrared triplet, [FeII] 1643.5nm, fluorescent FeII 1687.8nm, H_2_ 2121.8nm, Br{gamma}, and CO bandhead emission in the spectra of multiple candidates. This leads to the spectroscopic confirmation of ten candidates as bona fide MYSOs. We compared our observations with photometric observations from the literature and find all MYSOs to have a strong near-infrared excess. We computed lower limits to the brightness and luminosity of the MYSO candidates, confirming the near-infrared excess and the massive nature of the objects. No clear correlation is seen between the Br_gamma luminosity and metallicity. Combining our sample with other LMC samples results in a combined detection rate of disk features such as fluorescent Fe II and CO bandheads which is consistent with the Galactic rate (40%). Most of our MYSOs show outflow features.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/91/583
- Title:
- MC massive stars IMF. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/91/583
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- UBV CCD photometry has been obtained for 14 OB associations in the Magellanic Clouds using the University of Toronto's 0.6m telescope and the Carnegie Institution of Washington's 1.0m reflector, both on Las Campanas, Chile. The data are presented and used to construct color-magnitude diagrams for the purposes of investigating the massive-star content of the associations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/151
- Title:
- METAL Hubble program. I. Initial results
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/871/151
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the Large Magellanic Cloud (METAL) is a large cycle 24 program on the Hubble Space Telescope aimed at measuring dust extinction properties and interstellar depletions in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) at half-solar metallicity. The 101-orbit program is composed of Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) spectroscopy toward 33 LMC massive stars between 1150 and 3180{AA} and parallel Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) imaging in seven near-UV to near-IR filters. The fraction of silicon in the gas phase (depletion) obtained from the spectroscopy decreases with increasing hydrogen column density. Depletion patterns for silicon differ between the Milky Way, LMC, and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), with the silicon depletion level offsetting almost exactly the metallicity differences, leading to constant gas-phase abundances in those galaxies for a given hydrogen column density. The silicon depletion correlates linearly with the absolute-to-selective extinction, RV, indicating a link between gas depletion and dust grain size. Extinction maps are derived from the resolved stellar photometry in the parallel imaging, which can be compared to far-IR images from Herschel and Spitzer to estimate the emissivity of dust at LMC metallicity. The full METAL sample of depletions, UV extinction curves, and extinction maps will inform the abundance, size, composition, and optical properties of dust grains in the LMC, comprehensively improve our understanding of dust properties, and improve the accuracy with which dust-based gas masses, star formation rates, and star formation histories in nearby and high-redshift galaxies are estimated. This overview paper describes the goals, design, data reduction, and initial results of the METAL survey.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/488/1141
- Title:
- Milky Way Project DR2 bubbles & bow shocks
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/488/1141
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Citizen science has helped astronomers comb through large data sets to identify patterns and objects that are not easily found through automated processes. The Milky Way Project (MWP), a citizen science initiative on the Zooniverse platform, presents internet users with infrared (IR) images from Spitzer Space Telescope Galactic plane surveys. MWP volunteers make classification drawings on the images to identify targeted classes of astronomical objects. We present the MWP second data release (DR2) and an updated data reduction pipeline written in Python. We aggregate 3 million classifications made by MWP volunteers during the years 2012-2017 to produce the DR2 catalogue, which contains 2600 IR bubbles and 599 candidate bow-shock driving stars. The reliability of bubble identifications, as assessed by comparison to visual identifications by trained experts and scoring by a machine-learning algorithm, is found to be a significant improvement over DR1. We assess the reliability of IR bow shocks via comparison to expert identifications and the colours of candidate bow-shock driving stars in the 2MASS point-source catalogue. We hence identify highly-reliable subsets of 1394 DR2 bubbles and 453 bow-shock driving stars. Uncertainties on object coordinates and bubble size/shape parameters are included in the DR2 catalog. Compared with DR1, the DR2 bubbles catalogue provides more accurate shapes and sizes. The DR2 catalogue identifies 311 new bow shock driving star candidates, including three associated with the giant HII regions NGC 3603 and RCW 49.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/III/23B
- Title:
- MK Classification for OB Stars
- Short Name:
- III/23B
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The catalog is a compilation of MK spectral types published in the paper, "The kinematics of the Gould Belt: An Expanding Group?" (Rountree Lesh 1968). Spectral types were determined for 464 stars of Henry Draper type B5 and earlier, brighter than 6.5 visual magnitude and higher than -20 degrees in declination. The spectra were classified by the author using plates taken with the Yerkes 40-inch refractor and MK spectrograph. The catalog contains HR, HD numbers, MK types with temperature classes, subclasses, luminosity classes and peculiarities, and remarks.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/604/A78
- Title:
- M17 massive pms stars X-shooter spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/604/A78
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The formation process of massive stars is still poorly understood. Massive young stellar objects (mYSOs) are deeply embedded in their parental clouds; these objects are rare, and thus typically distant, and their reddened spectra usually preclude the determination of their photospheric parameters. M17 is one of the best-studied HII regions in the sky, is relatively nearby, and hosts a young stellar population. We have obtained optical to near-infrared spectra of previously identified candidate mYSOs and a few OB stars in this region with X-shooter on the ESO Very Large Telescope. The large wavelength coverage enables a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the photospheres and circumstellar disks of these candidate mYSOs. We confirm the pre-main-sequence (PMS) nature of six of the stars and characterise the O stars. The PMS stars have radii that are consistent with being contracting towards the main sequence and are surrounded by a remnant accretion disk. The observed infrared excess and the double-peaked emission lines provide an opportunity to measure structured velocity profiles in the disks. We compare the observed properties of this unique sample of young massive stars with evolutionary tracks of massive protostars and propose that these mYSOs near the western edge of the HII region are on their way to become main-sequence stars (~6-20M_{sun}_) after having undergone high mass accretion rates (dMacc/dt~10^-4^-10^-3^M_{sun}_/yr) Their spin distribution upon arrival at the zero age main-sequence (ZAMS) is consistent with that observed for young B stars, assuming conservation of angular momentum and homologous contraction.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/625/A132
- Title:
- Models for massive stars in the SMC
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/625/A132
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The evolution of massive stars is strongly influenced by internal mixing processes such as semiconvection, convective core overshooting, and rotationally induced mixing. None of these processes are currently well constrained. We investigate models for massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), for which stellar-wind mass loss is less important than for their metal-rich counterparts. We aim to constrain the various mixing efficiencies by comparing model results to observations. For this purpose, we use the stellar-evolution code MESA to compute more than 60 grids of detailed evolutionary models for stars with initial masses of 9...100M_{sun}_, assuming different combinations of mixing efficiencies of the various processes in each grid. Our models evolve through core hydrogen and helium burning, such that they can be compared with the massive main sequence and supergiant population of the SMC. We find that for most of the combinations of the mixing efficiencies, models in a wide mass range spend core-helium burning either only as blue supergiants, or only as red supergiants. The latter case corresponds to models that maintain a shallow slope of the hydrogen/helium (H/He) gradient separating the core and the envelope of the models. Only a small part of the mixing parameter space leads to models that produce a significant number of blue and red supergiants, which are both in abundance in the SMC. Some of our grids also predict a cut-o in the number of red supergiants above logL/L_{sun}_=5...5.5. Interestingly, these models contain steep H/He gradients, as is required to understand the hot, hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars in the SMC. We find that unless it is very fast, rotation has a limited effect on the H/He profiles in our models. While we use specific implementations of the considered mixing processes, they comprehensively probe the two firstorder structural parameters, the core mass and the H/He gradient in the core-envelope interface. Our results imply that in massive stars, mixing during the main-sequence evolution leads to a moderate increase in the helium core masses, and also that the H/He gradients above the helium cores become very steep. Our model grids can be used to further refine the various mixing efficiencies with the help of future observational surveys of the massive stars in the SMC, and thereby help to considerably reduce the uncertainties in models of massive star evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/833/85
- Title:
- Multi-wavelength analysis of the MIR bubble N37
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/833/85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have performed a multi-wavelength analysis of a mid-infrared (MIR) bubble N37 and its surrounding environment. The selected 15'x15' area around the bubble contains two molecular clouds (N37 cloud; V_lsr_~37-43km/s, and C25.29+0.31; V_lsr_~43-48km/s) along the line of sight. A total of seven OB stars are identified toward the bubble N37 using photometric criteria, and two of them are spectroscopically confirmed as O9V and B0V stars. The spectro-photometric distances of these two sources confirm their physical association with the bubble. The O9V star appears to be the primary ionizing source of the region, which is also in agreement with the desired Lyman continuum flux analysis estimated from the 20cm data. The presence of the expanding HII region is revealed in the N37 cloud, which could be responsible for the MIR bubble. Using the ^13^CO line data and photometric data, several cold molecular condensations as well as clusters of young stellar objects (YSOs) are identified in the N37 cloud, revealing ongoing star formation (SF) activities. However, the analysis of ages of YSOs and the dynamical age of the HII region do not support the origin of SF due to the influence of OB stars. The position-velocity analysis of ^13^CO data reveals that two molecular clouds are interconnected by a bridge-like structure, favoring the onset of a cloud-cloud collision process. The SF activities (i.e., the formation of YSO clusters and OB stars) in the N37 cloud are possibly influenced by the cloud-cloud collision.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/532/A131
- Title:
- New Galactic star clusters in VVV survey
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/532/A131
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) is one of the six ESO Public Surveys operating on the new 4-meter Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA). VVV is scanning the Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the disk, where star formation activity is high. One of the principal goals of the VVV Survey is to find new star clusters of different ages. In order to trace the early epochs of star cluster formation we concentrated our search in the directions to those of known star formation regions, masers, radio, and infrared sources. The disk area covered by VVV was visually inspected using the pipeline processed and calibrated KS-band tile images for stellar overdensities. Subsequently, we examined the composite JHKS and ZJKS color images of each candidate. PSF photometry of 15x15arcmin fields centered on the candidates was then performed on the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit reduced images. After statistical field-star decontamination, color-magnitude and color-color diagrams were constructed and analyzed.
