- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/703/441
- Title:
- Yellow supergiants in M31
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/703/441
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The yellow supergiant (F- and G-type) content of nearby galaxies can provide a critical test of stellar evolution theory, bridging the gap between the hot, massive stars and the cool red supergiants. But, this region of the color-magnitude diagram is dominated by foreground contamination, requiring membership to somehow be determined. Fortunately, the large negative systemic velocity of M31, coupled to its high rotation rate, provides the means for separating the contaminating foreground dwarfs from the bona fide yellow supergiants within M31. We obtained radial velocities of ~2900 individual targets within the correct color-magnitude range corresponding to masses of 12M_{sun}_ and higher. A comparison of these velocities to those expected from M31's rotation curve reveals 54 rank-1 (near certain) and 66 rank-2 (probable) yellow supergiant members, indicating a foreground contamination >=96%. We expect some modest contamination from Milky Way halo giants among the remainder, particularly for the rank-2 candidates, and indeed follow-up spectroscopy of a small sample eliminates four rank 2's while confirming five others.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/525/466
- Title:
- Young low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in IC 348
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/525/466
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- I present new results from a continuing program to identify and characterize the low-mass stellar and substellar populations in the young cluster IC 348 (0.5 - 10 Myr). Optical spectroscopy has revealed young objects with spectral types as late as M8.25. The intrinsic J-H and H-K colors of these sources are dwarflike, whereas the R-I and I-J colors appear intermediate between the colors of dwarfs and giants. Furthermore, the spectra from 6500 to 9500 {AA} are reproduced well with averages of standard dwarf and giant spectra, suggesting that such averages should be used in the classification of young late-type sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/237/30
- Title:
- 6-yr light curves of 10 blazars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/237/30
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We carried out multi-color optical monitoring of a sample of 10 blazars from 2005 to 2011. The sample contains 3 LBLs, 2 IBLs, 4 HBLs, and 1 FSRQ. Our monitoring focused on the long-term variability and the sample included nine BL Lac objects and one flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). A total of 14,799 data points were collected. This is one of the largest optical databases for a sample of 10 blazars. All objects showed significant variability except for OT 546. Because of the low sampling on each single night, only BL Lacertae were observed to have intraday variability on 2006 November 6. Most BL Lac objects showed a bluer-when-brighter (BWB) chromatism, while the FSRQ, 3C 454.3, displayed a redder-when-brighter trend. The BWB color behaviors of most BL Lacs can be at least partly attributed to the trend of increasing variation amplitude with increasing frequency observed in these objects. The average spectral index of LBLs is around 1.5, as expected from the model dominated by synchrotron self-Compton loss. The optical emission of HBL is probably contaminated by the thermal emission from the host galaxies. Correlation analysis did not reveal any time delay between variations at different wavelengths.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/851/132
- Title:
- ~30yr of opt. spectroscopy & Vmag obs. of GW Ori
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/851/132
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present spatially and spectrally resolved Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of gas and dust orbiting the pre-main-sequence hierarchical triple-star system GW Ori. A forward modeling of the ^13^CO and C^18^O J=2-1 transitions permits a measurement of the total stellar mass in this system, 5.29+/-0.09M_{sun}_, and the circumtriple disk inclination, 137.6{deg}+/-2.0{deg}. Optical spectra spanning a 35yr period were used to derive new radial velocities and, coupled with a spectroscopic disentangling technique, revealed that the A and B components of GW Ori form a double-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 241.50+/-0.05d; a tertiary companion orbits that inner pair with a period of 4218+/-50d. Combining the results from the ALMA data and the optical spectra with three epochs of astrometry in the literature, we constrain the individual stellar masses in the system (M_A_~2.7M_{sun}_, M_B_~1.7M_{sun}_, M_C_~0.9M_{sun}_) and find strong evidence that at least one of the stellar orbital planes (and likely both) is misaligned with the disk plane by as much as 45{deg}. A V-band light curve spanning 30yr reveals several new ~30-day eclipse events 0.1-0.7mag in depth and a 0.2mag sinusoidal oscillation that is clearly phased with the AB-C orbital period. Taken together, these features suggest that the A-B pair may be partially obscured by material in the inner disk as the pair approaches apoastron in the hierarchical orbit. Lastly, we conclude that stellar evolutionary models are consistent with our measurements of the masses and basic photospheric properties if the GW Ori system is ~1Myr old.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/822/79
- Title:
- YSOs search in LDN 1340 in optical
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/822/79
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have performed an optical spectroscopic and photometric search for young stellar objects associated with the molecular cloud Lynds 1340, and examined the structure of the cloud by constructing an extinction map, based on SDSS data. The new extinction map suggests a shallow, strongly fragmented cloud, having a mass of some 3700M_{sun}_. Longslit spectroscopic observations of the brightest stars over the area of L1340 revealed that the most massive star associated with L1340 is a B4-type, ~5M_{sun}_ star. The new spectroscopic and photometric data of the intermediate-mass members led to a revised distance of 825_-80_^+110^pc, and revealed seven members of the young stellar population with M>~2M_{sun}_. Our search for H{alpha} emission line stars, conducted with the Wide Field Grism Spectrograph 2 on the 2.2m telescope of the University of Hawaii and covering a 30'x40' area, resulted in the detection of 75 candidate low-mass pre-main sequence stars, 58 of which are new. We constructed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of our target stars, based on SDSS, 2MASS, Spitzer, and WISE photometric data, derived their spectral types, extinctions, and luminosities from BVRIJ fluxes, estimated masses by means of pre-main sequence evolutionary models, and examined the disk properties utilizing the 2-24{mu}m interval of the SED. We measured the equivalent width of the H{alpha} lines and derived accretion rates. The optically selected sample of pre-main sequence stars has a median effective temperature of 3970K, a stellar mass of 0.7M_{sun}_, and an accretion rate of 7.6x10^-9^M_{sun}_/yr.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/775/116
- Title:
- z<0.06 active black hole galaxies from SDSS-DR8
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/775/116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a sample of 151 dwarf galaxies (10^8.5^<~M_*_<~10^9.5^M_{sun}_) that exhibit optical spectroscopic signatures of accreting massive black holes (BHs), increasing the number of known active galaxies in this stellar-mass range by more than an order of magnitude. Utilizing data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8 and stellar masses from the NASA-Sloan Atlas, we have systematically searched for active BHs in ~25000 emission-line galaxies with stellar masses comparable to the Magellanic Clouds and redshifts z<0.055. Using the narrow-line [OIII]/H{beta} versus [NII]/H{alpha} diagnostic diagram, we find photoionization signatures of BH accretion in 136 galaxies, a small fraction of which also exhibit broad H{alpha} emission. For these broad-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates, we estimate BH masses using standard virial techniques and find a range of 10^5^<~M_BH_<~10^6^M_{sun}_ and a median of M_BH_~2x10^5^M_{sun}_. We also detect broad H{alpha} in 15 galaxies that have narrow-line ratios consistent with star-forming galaxies. Follow-up observations are required to determine if these are true type 1 AGN or if the broad H{alpha} is from stellar processes. The median absolute magnitude of the host galaxies in our active sample is M_g_=-18.1mag, which is ~1-2mag fainter than previous samples of AGN hosts with low-mass BHs. This work constrains the smallest galaxies that can form a massive BH, with implications for BH feedback in low-mass galaxies and the origin of the first supermassive BH seeds.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/120
- Title:
- z<1 3CR radio galaxies and quasars star formation
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/151/120
- Date:
- 16 Dec 2021 13:37:06
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using the Herschel Space Observatory we have observed a representative sample of 87 powerful 3CR sources at redshift z<1. The far-infrared (FIR, 70-500 {mu}m) photometry is combined with mid-infrared (MIR) photometry from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer and cataloged data to analyze the complete spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of each object from optical to radio wavelength. To disentangle the contributions of different components, the SEDs are fitted with a set of templates to derive the luminosities of host galaxy starlight, dust torus emission powered by active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and cool dust heated by stars. The level of emission from relativistic jets is also estimated to isolate the thermal host galaxy contribution. The new data are in line with the orientation-based unification of high-excitation radio-loud AGN, in that the dust torus becomes optically thin longwards of 30 {mu}m. The low-excitation radio galaxies and the MIR-weak sources represent an MIR- and FIR-faint AGN population that is different from the high-excitation MIR-bright objects; it remains an open question whether they are at a later evolutionary state or an intrinsically different population. The derived luminosities for host starlight and dust heated by star formation are converted to stellar masses and star-formation rates (SFR). The host-normalized SFR of the bulk of the 3CR sources is low when compared to other galaxy populations at the same epoch. Estimates of the dust mass yield a 1-100 times lower dust/stellar mass ratio than for the Milky Way, which indicates that these 3CR hosts have very low levels of interstellar matter and explains the low level of star formation. Less than 10% of the 3CR sources show levels of star formation above those of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/684/905
- Title:
- z>1 galaxy clusters from IRAC Shallow Survey
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/684/905
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have identified 335 galaxy cluster and group candidates, 106 of which are at z>1, using a 4.5um-selected sample of objects from a 7.25deg^2^ region in the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Shallow Survey. Clusters were identified as three-dimensional overdensities using a wavelet algorithm, based on photometric redshift probability distributions derived from IRAC and NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey data. We estimate only ~10% of the detections are spurious. To date 12 of the z>1 candidates have been confirmed spectroscopically, at redshifts from 1.06 to 1.41. Velocity dispersions of ~750km/s for two of these argue for total cluster masses well above 10^14^M_{sun}_, as does the mass estimated from the rest-frame near-infrared stellar luminosity. Although not selected to contain a red sequence, some evidence for red sequences is present in the spectroscopically confirmed clusters, and brighter galaxies are systematically redder than the mean galaxy color in clusters at all redshifts.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/783/119
- Title:
- z~1 Ly{alpha} emitters. I. 135 candidates from GALEX
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/783/119
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We construct a flux-limited sample of 135 candidate z~1 Ly{alpha} emitters (LAEs) from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) grism data using a new data cube search method. These LAEs have luminosities comparable to those at high redshifts and lie within a 7Gyr gap present in existing LAE samples. We use archival and newly obtained optical spectra to verify the UV redshifts of these LAEs. We use the combination of the GALEX UV spectra, optical spectra, and X-ray imaging data to estimate the active galactic nucleus (AGN) fraction and its dependence on Ly{alpha} luminosity. We remove the AGNs and compute the luminosity function (LF) from 60 z~1 LAE galaxies. We find that the best-fit LF implies a luminosity density increase by a factor of ~1.5 from z~0.3 to z~1 and ~20 from z~1 to z~2. We find a z~1 volumetric Ly{alpha} escape fraction of 0.7%+/-0.4%.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/768/105
- Title:
- z~5 QSO luminosity function from SDSS Stripe 82
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/768/105
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a measurement of the Type I quasar luminosity function at z=5 using a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed quasars selected from optical imaging data. We measure the bright end (M_1450_<-26) with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data covering ~6000deg^2^, then extend to lower luminosities (M_1450_<-24) with newly discovered, faint z~5 quasars selected from 235deg^2^ of deep, coadded imaging in the SDSS Stripe 82 region (the celestial equator in the Southern Galactic Cap). The faint sample includes 14 quasars with spectra obtained as ancillary science targets in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, and 59 quasars observed at the MMT and Magellan telescopes. We construct a well-defined sample of 4.7<z<5.1 quasars that is highly complete, with 73 spectroscopic identifications out of 92 candidates. Our color selection method is also highly efficient: of the 73 spectra obtained, 71 are high-redshift quasars. These observations reach below the break in the luminosity function (M_1450_^*^~-27). The bright-end slope is steep ({beta}<~-4), with a constraint of {beta}<-3.1 at 95% confidence. The break luminosity appears to evolve strongly at high redshift, providing an explanation for the flattening of the bright-end slope reported previously. We find a factor of ~2 greater decrease in the number density of luminous quasars (M_1450_<-26) from z=5 to z=6 than from z=4 to z=5, suggesting a more rapid decline in quasar activity at high redshift than found in previous surveys. Our model for the quasar luminosity function predicts that quasars generate ~30% of the ionizing photons required to keep hydrogen in the universe ionized at z=5.