- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/798/54
- Title:
- "Under-massive" black hole candidates
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/798/54
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Several recent papers have reported on the occurrence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) containing undermassive black holes relative to a linear scaling relation between black hole mass (M_bh_) and host spheroid stellar mass (M_sph,*_). However, dramatic revisions to the M_bh_-M_sph,*_ and M_bh_-L_sph_ relations, based on samples containing predominantly inactive galaxies, have recently identified a new steeper relation at M_bh_<~(2-10)x10^8^M_{sun}_, roughly corresponding to M_sph,*_<~(0.3-1)x10^11^M_{sun}_. We show that this steeper, quadratic-like M_bh_-M_sph,*_ relation defined by the Sersic galaxies, i.e., galaxies without partially depleted cores, roughly tracks the apparent offset of the AGN having 10^5^<~M_bh_/M_{sun}_<~0.5x10^8^. That is, these AGNs are not randomly offset with low black hole masses, but also follow a steeper (nonlinear) relation. As noted by Busch et al. (2014, J/A+A/561/A140), confirmation or rejection of a possible AGN offset from the steeper M_bh_-M _sph,*_ relation defined by the Sersic galaxies will benefit from improved stellar mass-to-light ratios for the spheroids hosting these AGNs. Several implications for formation theories are noted. Furthermore, reasons for possible under- and overmassive black holes, the potential existence of intermediate mass black holes (<10^5^M_{sun}_), and the new steep (black hole)-(nuclear star cluster) relation, M_bh_{propto}M_nc_^2.7+/-0.7^, are also discussed.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/207/4
- Title:
- Unidentified {gamma}-ray sources. III. Radio
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/207/4
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- About one-third of the {gamma}-ray sources listed in the second Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog (2FGL) have no firmly established counterpart at lower energies and so are classified as unidentified {gamma}-ray sources (UGSs). Here, we propose a new approach to find candidate counterparts for the UGSs based on the 325 MHz radio survey performed with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in the northern hemisphere. First, we investigate the low-frequency radio properties of blazars, the largest known population of {gamma}-ray sources; then we search for sources with similar radio properties combining the information derived from the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS, Rengelink et al. 1997, Cat. J/A+AS/124/259; superseded by Cat. VIII/62) with those of the NRAO Very Large Array Sky Survey (NVSS, Condon et al. 1998, Cat. VIII/65). We present a list of candidate counterparts for 32 UGSs with at least one counterpart in the WENSS. We also performed an extensive research in the literature to look for infrared and optical counterparts of the {gamma}-ray blazar candidates selected using the low-frequency radio observations to confirm their nature. On the basis of our multifrequency research, we identify 23 new {gamma}-ray blazar candidates out of the 32 UGSs investigated. Comparison with previous results on the UGSs is also presented. Finally, we speculate on the advantages of using low-frequency radio observations to associate UGSs and to search for {gamma}-ray pulsar candidates.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/209/9
- Title:
- Unidentified gamma-ray sources. IV. X-ray
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/209/9
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A significant fraction (~30%) of the high-energy {gamma}-ray sources listed in the second Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) catalog are still of unknown origin, having not yet been associated with counterparts at lower energies. To investigate the nature of these enigmatic sources, we present an extensive search of X-ray sources lying in the positional uncertainty region of a selected sample of these unidentified gamma-ray sources (UGSs) that makes use of all available observations performed by the Swift X-ray Telescope before 2013 March 31, available for 205 UGSs. To detect the fainter sources, we merged all the observations covering the Fermi LAT positional uncertainty region at a 95% level of confidence of each UGS. This yields a catalog of 357 X-ray sources, finding candidate X-ray counterparts for ~70% of the selected sample. In particular, 25% of the UGSs feature a single X-ray source within their positional uncertainty region, while 45% have multiple X-ray sources. For each X-ray source, we also looked in the corresponding Swift UVOT merged images for optical and ultraviolet counterparts, also performing source photometry. We found ultraviolet-optical correspondences for ~70% of the X-ray sources. We searched several major radio, infrared, optical, and ultraviolet surveys for possible counterparts within the positional error of the sources in the X-ray catalog to obtain additional information on their nature. Applying the kernel density estimation technique to infrared colors of Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer counterparts of our X-ray sources we select six {gamma}-ray blazar candidates. In addition, comparing our results with previous analyses, we select 11 additional {gamma}-ray blazar candidates.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/412/1853
- Title:
- Unidentified X-ray sources in XMM Slew Survey
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/412/1853
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present deep Swift follow-up observations of a sample of 94 unidentified X-ray sources from the XMM-Newton Slew Survey. The X-ray Telescope (XRT) on-board Swift detected 29 per cent of the sample sources; the flux limits for undetected sources suggest the bulk of the Slew Survey sources are drawn from one or more transient populations. We report revised X-ray positions for the XRT-detected sources, with typical uncertainties of 2.9 arcsec, reducing the number of catalogued optical matches to just a single source in most cases. We characterize the sources detected by Swift through their X-ray spectra and variability and via Ultraviolet-Optical Telescope photometry and using catalogued near-infrared, optical and radio observations of potential counterparts. Six sources can be associated with known objects and eight sources may be associated with unidentified ROSAT sources within the 3{sigma} error radii of our revised X-ray positions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/129/927
- Title:
- Unresolved H{alpha} enhancements in WHAM survey
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/129/927
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have identified 85 regions of enhanced H{alpha} emission at |b|>10{deg} subtending approximately 1{deg} or less on the Wisconsin H{alpha} Mapper (WHAM) sky survey (Cat. II/249). These high-latitude "WHAM point sources" have H{alpha} fluxes of 10^-11^-10^-9^ergs/cm^2^/s, radial velocities within about 70km/s of the LSR, and line widths that range from less than 20 to about 80km/s (FWHM). Twenty-nine of these enhancements are not identified with either cataloged nebulae or hot stars and appear to have kinematic properties that differ from those observed for planetary nebulae. Another 14 enhancements are near hot evolved low-mass stars that had no previously reported detections of associated nebulosity. The remainder of the enhancements are cataloged planetary nebulae and small, high-latitude HII regions surrounding massive O and early B stars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/828/111
- Title:
- Unsupervised clustering of type II SNe LCs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/828/111
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- As new facilities come online, the astronomical community will be provided with extremely large data sets of well-sampled light curves (LCs) of transients. This motivates systematic studies of the LCs of supernovae (SNe) of all types, including the early rising phase. We performed unsupervised k-means clustering on a sample of 59 R-band SNII LCs and find that the rise to peak plays an important role in classifying LCs. Our sample can be divided into three classes: slowly rising (II-S), fast rise/slow decline (II-FS), and fast rise/fast decline (II-FF). We also identify three outliers based on the algorithm. The II-FF and II-FS classes are disjoint in their decline rates, while the II-S class is intermediate and "bridges the gap." This may explain recent conflicting results regarding II-P/II-L populations. The II-FS class is also significantly less luminous than the other two classes. Performing clustering on the first two principal component analysis components gives equivalent results to using the full LC morphologies. This indicates that Type II LCs could possibly be reduced to two parameters. We present several important caveats to the technique, and find that the division into these classes is not fully robust. Moreover, these classes have some overlap, and are defined in the R band only. It is currently unclear if they represent distinct physical classes, and more data is needed to study these issues. However, we show that the outliers are actually composed of slowly evolving SN IIb, demonstrating the potential of such methods. The slowly evolving SNe IIb may arise from single massive progenitors.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/385/1749
- Title:
- UNSW catalog of Variable Stars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/385/1749
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new catalogue of variable stars compiled from the data taken for the University of New South Wales Extrasolar Planet Search. From 2004 October to 2007 May, 25 target fields were each observed for one to four months, resulting in ~87000 high-precision light curves with 16004400 data points. We have extracted a total of 850 variable light curves, 659 of which do not have a counterpart in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars, the New Suspected Variables catalogue or the All Sky Automated Survey southern variable star catalogue. The catalogue is detailed here, and includes 142 Algol-type eclipsing binaries, 23 beta Lyrae-type eclipsing binaries, 218 contact eclipsing binaries, 53 RR Lyrae stars, 26 Cepheid stars, 13 rotationally variable active stars, 153 uncategorized pulsating stars with periods <10d, including delta Scuti stars, and 222 long period variables with variability on time-scales of >10d.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/839/88
- Title:
- 14 unusual IR transients with Spitzer (SPRITEs)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/839/88
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an ongoing, five-year systematic search for extragalactic infrared transients, dubbed SPIRITS-SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey. In the first year, using Spitzer/IRAC, we searched 190 nearby galaxies with cadence baselines of one month and six months. We discovered over 1958 variables and 43 transients. Here, we describe the survey design and highlight 14 unusual infrared transients with no optical counterparts to deep limits, which we refer to as SPRITEs (eSPecially Red Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events). SPRITEs are in the infrared luminosity gap between novae and supernovae, with [4.5] absolute magnitudes between -11 and -14 (Vega-mag) and [3.6]-[4.5] colors between 0.3mag and 1.6mag. The photometric evolution of SPRITEs is diverse, ranging from <0.1mag/yr to >7mag/yr. SPRITEs occur in star-forming galaxies. We present an in-depth study of one of them, SPIRITS 14ajc in Messier 83, which shows shock-excited molecular hydrogen emission. This shock may have been triggered by the dynamic decay of a non-hierarchical system of massive stars that led to either the formation of a binary or a protostellar merger.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/869/56
- Title:
- Updated calibration of the CSP-I SNe Ia sample
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/869/56
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of the final data release of the Carnegie Supernova Project I (CSP-I; Krisciunas+ 2017, J/AJ/154/211), focusing on the absolute calibration of the luminosity-decline rate relation for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using new intrinsic color relations with respect to the color-stretch parameter, s_BV_, enabling improved dust extinction corrections. We investigate to what degree the so-called fast-declining SNe Ia can be used to determine accurate extragalactic distances. We estimate the intrinsic scatter in the luminosity-decline rate relation and find it ranges from +/-0.13mag to +/-0.18mag with no obvious dependence on wavelength. Using the Cepheid variable star data from the SH0ES project (Riess+ 2016, J/ApJ/826/56), the SN Ia distance scale is calibrated and the Hubble constant is estimated using our optical and near-infrared sample, and these results are compared to those determined exclusively from a near-infrared subsample. The systematic effect of the supernova's host galaxy mass is investigated as a function of wavelength and is found to decrease toward redder wavelengths, suggesting this effect may be due to dust properties of the host. Using estimates of the dust extinction derived from optical and near-infrared wavelengths and applying these to the H band, we derive a Hubble constant H0=73.2+/-2.3km/s/Mpc, whereas using a simple B-V color correction applied to the B band yields H0=72.7+/-2.1km/s/Mpc. Photometry of two calibrating SNe Ia from the CSP-II sample, SN 2012ht and SN 2015F, is presented and used to improve the calibration of the SN Ia distance ladder.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/220/6
- Title:
- Updated catalog of GALEX nearby galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/220/6
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The ultraviolet (UV) catalog of nearby galaxies compiled by Gil de Paz et al. (2007, J/ApJS/173/185) presents the integrated photometry and surface brightness profiles for 1034 nearby galaxies observed by GALEX. We provide an updated catalog of 4138 nearby galaxies based on the latest General Release (GR6/GR7) of GALEX. These galaxies are selected from HyperLeda with apparent diameters larger than 1'. From the surface brightness profiles accurately measured using the deep NUV and FUV images, we have calculated the asymptotic magnitudes, aperture (D25) magnitudes, colors, structural parameters (effective radii and concentration indices), luminosities, and effective surface brightness for these galaxies. Archival optical and infrared photometry from HyperLeda, 2MASS, and IRAS are also integrated into the catalog. Our parameter measurements and some analyses are consistent with those of Paz et al. The (FUV-K) color provides a good criterion to distinguish between early- and late-type galaxies, which can be improved further using the concentration indices. The IRX-{beta} relation is reformulated with our UV-selected nearby galaxies.