- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/453/2599
- Title:
- Fermi-LAT pulsar spectral data
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/453/2599
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- {gamma}-ray radiation from pulsars is usually thought to be mostly produced by the synchro-curvature (SC) losses of accelerated particles. Here, we present a systematic study of all currently reported, good-quality Fermi-LAT pulsar spectral data. We do so by applying a model which follows the particle dynamics and consistently computes the emission of SC radiation. By fitting observational data on a case by case basis, we are able to obtain constraints about the parallel electric field, the typical length-scale over which particles emit the bulk of the detected radiation, and the number of involved particles. The model copes well with data of several dozens of millisecond (MSPs) and young pulsars (YPs). By correlating the inferred model parameters with the observed timing properties, some trends are discovered. First, a non-negligible part of the radiation comes from the loss of perpendicular momentum soon after pair creation. Second, the electric field strongly correlates with both the inverse of the emission length-scale and the magnetic field at light cylinder, thus ruling out models with high-energy photon production close to the surface. These correlations unify young and millisecond pulsars under the same physical scenario, and predict that magnetars are intrinsically {gamma}-ray quiet via synchro-curvature processes, since magnetospheric particles are not accelerated enough to emit a detectable {gamma}-ray flux.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/199/31
- Title:
- Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/199/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the second catalog of high-energy {gamma}-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), derived from data taken during the first 24 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Source detection is based on the average flux over the 24 month period. The second Fermi-LAT catalog (2FGL) includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in terms of power-law, exponentially cutoff power-law, or log-normal forms. Also included are flux measurements in five energy bands and light curves on monthly intervals for each source. Twelve sources in the catalog are modeled as spatially extended. We provide a detailed comparison of the results from this catalog with those from the first Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL). Although the diffuse Galactic and isotropic models used in the 2FGL analysis are improved compared to the 1FGL catalog, we attach caution flags to 162 of the sources to indicate possible confusion with residual imperfections in the diffuse model. The 2FGL catalog contains 1873 sources detected and characterized in the 100MeV to 100GeV range of which we consider 127 as being firmly identified and 1171 as being reliably associated with counterparts of known or likely {gamma}-ray-producing source classes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/218/23
- Title:
- Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/218/23
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the third Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source catalog (3FGL) of sources in the 100MeV-300GeV range. Based on the first 4yr of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission, it is the deepest yet in this energy range. Relative to the Second Fermi LAT catalog, the 3FGL catalog incorporates twice as much data, as well as a number of analysis improvements, including improved calibrations at the event reconstruction level, an updated model for Galactic diffuse {gamma}-ray emission, a refined procedure for source detection, and improved methods for associating LAT sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths. The 3FGL catalog includes 3033 sources above 4{sigma} significance, with source location regions, spectral properties, and monthly light curves for each. Of these, 78 are flagged as potentially being due to imperfections in the model for Galactic diffuse emission. Twenty-five sources are modeled explicitly as spatially extended, and overall 238 sources are considered as identified based on angular extent or correlated variability (periodic or otherwise) observed at other wavelengths. For 1010 sources we have not found plausible counterparts at other wavelengths. More than 1100 of the identified or associated sources are active galaxies of the blazar class; several other classes of non-blazar active galaxies are also represented in the 3FGL. Pulsars represent the largest Galactic source class. From source counts of Galactic sources we estimate that the contribution of unresolved sources to the Galactic diffuse emission is ~3% at 1GeV.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/820/8
- Title:
- 3FGL sources statistical classifications
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/820/8
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We apply a number of statistical and machine learning techniques to classify and rank gamma-ray sources from the Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (3FGL), according to their likelihood of falling into the two major classes of gamma-ray emitters: pulsars (PSR) or active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using 1904 3FGL sources that have been identified/associated with AGNs (1738) and PSR (166), we train (using 70% of our sample) and test (using 30%) our algorithms and find that the best overall accuracy (>96%) is obtained with the Random Forest (RF) technique, while using a logistic regression (LR) algorithm results in only marginally lower accuracy. We apply the same techniques on a subsample of 142 known gamma-ray pulsars to classify them into two major subcategories: young (YNG) and millisecond pulsars (MSP). Once more, the RF algorithm has the best overall accuracy (~90%), while a boosted LR analysis comes a close second. We apply our two best models (RF and LR) to the entire 3FGL catalog, providing predictions on the likely nature of unassociated sources, including the likely type of pulsar (YNG or MSP). We also use our predictions to shed light on the possible nature of some gamma-ray sources with known associations (e.g., binaries, supernova remnants/pulsar wind nebulae). Finally, we provide a list of plausible X-ray counterparts for some pulsar candidates, obtained using Swift, Chandra, and XMM. The results of our study will be of interest both for in-depth follow-up searches (e.g., pulsar) at various wavelengths and for broader population studies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/161/154
- Title:
- 3FGL X-ray Analysis and ML
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/161/154
- Date:
- 07 Mar 2022 07:09:03
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We conduct X-ray spectral fits on 184 likely counterparts to Fermi-LAT 3FGL unassociated sources. Characterization and classification of these sources allows for more complete population studies of the high-energy sky. Most of these X-ray spectra are well fit by an absorbed power law model, as expected for a population dominated by blazars and pulsars. A small subset of 7 X-ray sources have spectra unlike the power law expected from a blazar or pulsar and may be linked to coincident stars or background emission. We develop a multiwavelength machine learning classifier to categorize unassociated sources into pulsars and blazars using gamma- and X-ray observations. Training a random forest procedure with known pulsars and blazars, we achieve a cross-validated classification accuracy of 98.6%. Applying the random forest routine to the unassociated sources returned 126 likely blazar candidates (defined as P_bzr_>90%) and 5 likely pulsar candidates (P_bzr_<10%). Our new X-ray spectral analysis does not drastically alter the random forest classifications of these sources compared to previous works, but it builds a more robust classification scheme and highlights the importance of X-ray spectral fitting. Our procedure can be further expanded with UV, visual, or radio spectral parameters or by measuring flux variability.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/77/499
- Title:
- Flux densities of 235 pulsars at 102.5MHz
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/77/499
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The flux densities of 235 mostly faint pulsars at 102.5MHz are presented. The observations were carried out on the very sensitive Large Phased Array of the Lebedev Institute of Physics in 1994-1998. The procedure used for the observations and data processing is described in detail, and estimates of probable errors, including the effect of interstellar scintillations, are given. The mean spectral indices at 102-408MHz for normal and millisecond pulsars are calculated and compared with information from higher frequency data. There is a deficit of pulsars at distances of less than 3 kpc.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/501/1116
- Title:
- GAIA pulsars and where to find them
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/501/1116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- While the majority of massive stars have a stellar companion, most pulsars appear to be isolated. Taken at face value, this suggests that most massive binaries break apart due to strong natal kicks received in supernova explosions. However, the observed binary fraction can still be subject to strong selection effects, as monitoring of newly discovered pulsars is rarely carried out for long enough to conclusively rule out multiplicity. Here, we use the second Gaia data release to search for companions to 1534 rotation-powered pulsars with positions known to better than 0.5arcsec. We find 22 matches to known pulsars, including 1 not reported elsewhere, and 8 new possible companions to young pulsars. We examine the photometric and kinematic properties of these systems and provide empirical relations for identifying Gaia sources with potential millisecond pulsar companions. Our results confirm that the observed multiplicity fraction is small. However, we show that the number of binaries below the sensitivity of Gaia and radio timing in our sample could still be significantly higher. We constrain the binary fraction of young pulsars to be f^true^_young_<5.3(8.3) per cent under realistic (conservative) assumptions for the binary properties and current sensitivity thresholds. For massive stars (>10M_{sun}_) in particular, we find f^true^_OB_<3.7 per cent, which sets a firm independent upper limit on the Galactic neutron star merger rate, <=7.2x10^-4^/yr. Ongoing and future projects, such as the CHIME/pulsar program, MeerTime, HIRAX, and ultimately the SKA, will significantly improve these constraints in the future.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/763/80
- Title:
- GBT 350MHz survey. I. 13 new pulsars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/763/80
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Over the summer of 2007, we obtained 1191hr of "drift-scan" pulsar search observations with the Green Bank Telescope at a radio frequency of 350MHz. Here we describe the survey setup, search procedure, and the discovery and follow-up timing of 13 pulsars. Among the new discoveries, one (PSR J1623-0841) was discovered only through its single pulses, two (PSRs J1327-0755 and J1737-0814) are millisecond pulsars, and another (PSR J2222-0137) is a mildly recycled pulsar. PSR J1327-0755 is a 2.7ms pulsar at a dispersion measure (DM) of 27.9pc/cm3 in an 8.7 day orbit with a minimum companion mass of 0.22M_{sun}_. PSR J1737-0814 is a 4.2ms pulsar at a DM of 55.3pc/cm3 in a 79.3 day orbit with a minimum companion mass of 0.06M_{sun}_. PSR J2222-0137 is a 32.8ms pulsar at a very low DM of 3.27pc/cm3 in a 2.4 day orbit with a minimum companion mass of 1.11M_{sun}_. It is most likely a white-dwarf-neutron-star system or an unusual low-eccentricity double neutron star system. Ten other pulsars discovered in this survey are reported in the companion paper Lynch et al. (2013ApJ...763...81L).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AZh/88/954
- Title:
- Geometry of radio pulsar magnetospheres
- Short Name:
- J/AZh/88/954
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Data on the profiles and polarization of the 10- and 20-cm emission of radio pulsars are used to calculate the angle {beta} between the rotational axis of the neutron star and its magnetic moment. It is shown that, for these calculations, it is sufficient to use catalog values of the pulse width at the 10% level W10, since the broadening of the observed pulses due to the transition to the full width W0 and narrowing of the pulses associated with the emission of radiation along tangents to the field lines approximately cancel each other out. The angles {beta}1 are calculated for 283 pulsars at 20cm and 132 pulsars at 10cm, assuming that the line of sight passes through the center of the emission cone.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/634/L89
- Title:
- 4.8GHz observations of SGR 1806-20
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/634/L89
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The 2004 December 27 giant {gamma}-ray flare detected from the magnetar SGR 1806-20 created an expanding radio nebula that we have monitored with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Very Large Array. These data indicate that there was an increase in the observed flux 25 days after the initial flare that lasted for 8 days, which we believe is the result of ambient material swept up and shocked by this radio nebula.
