- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/801/97
- Title:
- GOODS-S & UDS stellar mass catalogs from CANDELS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/801/97
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the public release of the stellar mass catalogs for the GOODS-S and UDS fields obtained using some of the deepest near-IR images available, achieved as part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey project. We combine the effort from 10 different teams, who computed the stellar masses using the same photometry and the same redshifts. Each team adopted their preferred fitting code, assumptions, priors, and parameter grid. The combination of results using the same underlying stellar isochrones reduces the systematics associated with the fitting code and other choices. Thanks to the availability of different estimates, we can test the effect of some specific parameters and assumptions on the stellar mass estimate. The choice of the stellar isochrone library turns out to have the largest effect on the galaxy stellar mass estimates, resulting in the largest distributions around the median value (with a semi interquartile range larger than 0.1dex). On the other hand, for most galaxies, the stellar mass estimates are relatively insensitive to the different parameterizations of the star formation history. The inclusion of nebular emission in the model spectra does not have a significant impact for the majority of galaxies (less than a factor of 2 for ~80% of the sample). Nevertheless, the stellar mass for the subsample of young galaxies (age <100Myr), especially in particular redshift ranges (e.g., 2.2<z<2.4, 3.2<z<3.6, and 5.5<z<6.5), can be seriously overestimated (by up to a factor of 10 for <20Myr sources) if nebular contribution is ignored.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/781/124
- Title:
- Granulation model for 508 KIC stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/781/124
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A large fraction of cool, low-mass stars exhibit brightness fluctuations that arise from a combination of convective granulation, acoustic oscillations, magnetic activity, and stellar rotation. Much of the short-timescale variability takes the form of stochastic noise, whose presence may limit the progress of extrasolar planet detection and characterization. In order to lay the groundwork for extracting useful information from these quasi-random signals, we focus on the origin of the granulation-driven component of the variability. We apply existing theoretical scaling relations to predict the star-integrated variability amplitudes for 508 stars with photometric light curves measured by the Kepler mission. We also derive an empirical correction factor that aims to account for the suppression of convection in F-dwarf stars with magnetic activity and shallow convection zones. So that we can make predictions of specific observational quantities, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of granulation light curves using a Lorentzian power spectrum. These simulations allowed us to reproduce the so-called flicker floor (i.e., a lower bound in the relationship between the full light-curve range and power in short-timescale fluctuations) that was found in the Kepler data. The Monte Carlo model also enabled us to convert the modeled fluctuation variance into a flicker amplitude directly comparable with observations. When the magnetic suppression factor described above is applied, the model reproduces the observed correlation between stellar surface gravity and flicker amplitude. Observationally validated models like these provide new and complementary evidence for a possible impact of magnetic activity on the properties of near-surface convection.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/801/67
- Title:
- Grid of binary colors in M30 (NGC7099)
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/801/67
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Two separated sequences of blue straggler stars (BSSs) have been revealed by Ferraro et al. (2009Natur.462.1028F) in the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the Milky Way globular cluster M30. Their presence has been suggested to be related to the two BSS formation channels (namely, collisions and mass transfer in close binaries) operating within the same stellar system. The blue sequence was indeed found to be well reproduced by collisional BSS models. In contrast, no specific models for mass-transfer BSSs were available for an old stellar system like M30. Here we present binary evolution models, including case-B mass transfer and binary merging, specifically calculated for this cluster. We discuss in detail the evolutionary track of a 0.9+0.5M_{sun}_ binary, which spends approximately 4Gyr in the BSS region of the CMD of a 13Gyr old cluster. We also run Monte Carlo simulations to study the distribution of mass-transfer BSSs in the CMD and to compare it with the observational data. Our results show that (1) the color and magnitude distribution of synthetic mass-transfer BSSs defines a strip in the CMD that nicely matches the observed red-BSS sequence, thus providing strong support to the mass-transfer origin for these stars; (2) the CMD distribution of synthetic BSSs never attains the observed location of the blue-BSS sequence, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that the latter formed through a different channel (likely collisions); (3) most (~60%) of the synthetic BSSs are produced by mass-transfer models, while the remaining <40% requires the contribution from merger models.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/455/247
- Title:
- Grid of close binaries experiencing mass exchange
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/455/247
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To simulate the population of the primordial blue stragglers in old open clusters, a grid of close binaries experiencing mass exchange is needed. To this aim, various combinations that can trigger mass exchange for the donor masses of 0.1M_{sun}_ to 2.0M_{sun}_ are calculated with a fine grid in parameters. The mass range of the accretor is from 0.1M_{sun}_ to the mass of the corresponding donor. The mass intervals of the donors and the accretors are all 0.1M_{sun}_. To cover all possible cases of close binaries, the orbit separation ranges from 1.0 to 50.0R_{sun}_ with a grid interval of 1.0R_{sun}_. Following the numerical scheme described above, a grid for six ages from 1.0Gyr to 6.0Gyr is obtained. In this table, mass, effective temperature, luminosity, gravity, Hydrogen abundance in the core, Helium abundance in the core, B magnitude, V magnitude, B-V color, mass ratio, orbital separation and period of the close binaries experiencing mass exchange are given.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/834/85
- Title:
- H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/834/85
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The high-energy emission from low-mass stars is mediated by the magnetic dynamo. Although the mechanisms by which fully convective stars generate large-scale magnetic fields are not well understood, it is clear that, as for solar-type stars, stellar rotation plays a pivotal role. We present 270 new optical spectra of low-mass stars in the Solar Neighborhood. Combining our observations with those from the literature, our sample comprises 2202 measurements or non-detections of H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs. This includes 466 with photometric rotation periods. Stars with masses between 0.1 and 0.6M_{sun}_ are well-represented in our sample, with fast and slow rotators of all masses. We observe a threshold in the mass-period plane that separates active and inactive M dwarfs. The threshold coincides with the fast-period edge of the slowly rotating population, at approximately the rotation period at which an era of rapid rotational evolution appears to cease. The well-defined active/inactive boundary indicates that H{alpha} activity is a useful diagnostic for stellar rotation period, e.g., for target selection for exoplanet surveys, and we present a mass-period relation for inactive M dwarfs. We also find a significant, moderate correlation between L_H{alpha}_/L_bol_ and variability amplitude: more active stars display higher levels of photometric variability. Consistent with previous work, our data show that rapid rotators maintain a saturated value of L_H{alpha}_/L_bol_. Our data also show a clear power-law decay in L_H{alpha}_/L_bol_ with Rossby number for slow rotators, with an index of -1.7+/-0.1.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/600/A13
- Title:
- HARPS M dwarf sample magnetic activity
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/600/A13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Atmospheric magnetic fields in stars with convective envelopes heat stellar chromospheres, and thus increase the observed flux in the CaII H and K doublet. Starting with the historical Mount Wilson monitoring program, these two spectral lines have been widely used to trace stellar magnetic activity, and as a proxy for rotation period (Prot) and consequently for stellar age. Monitoring stellar activity has also become essential in filtering out false-positives due to magnetic activity in extra-solar planet surveys. The CaII emission is traditionally quantified through the R'_HK_-index, which compares the chromospheric flux in the doublet to the overall bolometric flux of the star. Much work has been done to characterize this index for FGK-dwarfs, but M dwarfs - the most numerous stars of the Galaxy - were left out of these analyses and no calibration of their CaII H and K emission to an R'_HK_ exists to date. We set out to characterize the magnetic activity of the low- and very-low-mass stars by providing a calibration of the R'_HK_-index that extends to the realm of M dwarfs, and by evaluating the relationship between R'_HK_ and the rotation period.. We calibrated the bolometric and photospheric factors for M dwarfs to properly transform the S-index (which compares the flux in the CaII H and K lines to a close spectral continuum) into the R'_HK_. We monitored magnetic activity through the CaII H and K emission lines in the HARPS M dwarf sample.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/872/17
- Title:
- HAZMAT. V. UV and X-ray evolution of K stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/872/17
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Knowing the high-energy radiation environment of a star over a planet's formation and evolutionary period is critical in determining if that planet is potentially habitable and if any biosignatures could be detected, as UV radiation can severely change or destroy a planet's atmosphere. Current efforts for finding a potentially habitable planet are focused on M stars, yet K stars may offer more habitable conditions due to decreased stellar activity and more distant and wider habitable zones (HZs). While M star activity evolution has been observed photometrically and spectroscopically, there has been no dedicated investigation of K star UV evolution. We present the first comprehensive study of the near-UV, far-UV, and X-ray evolution of K stars. We used members of young moving groups and clusters ranging in age from 10 to 625Myr combined with field stars and their archived GALEX UV and ROSAT X-ray data to determine how the UV and X-ray radiation evolve. We find that the UV and X-ray flux incident on an HZ planet is 5-50 times lower than that of HZ planets around early-M stars and 50-1000 times lower than those around late-M stars, due to both an intrinsic decrease in K dwarf stellar activity occurring earlier than for M dwarfs and the more distant location of the K dwarf HZ.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/234/21
- Title:
- hCOSMOS: Hectospec survey of galaxies in COSMOS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/234/21
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe the hCOSMOS redshift survey of the COSMOS field conducted with the Hectospec spectrograph on the MMT. In the central 1deg^2^, the hCOS20.6 subset of the survey is >90% complete to a limiting magnitude r=20.6. The hCOSMOS survey includes 1701 new redshifts in the COSMOS field. We also use the total of 4362 new and remeasured objects to derive the age-sensitive D_n_4000 index over the entire redshift interval 0.001<~z<~0.6. For 85% of the quiescent galaxies in hCOS20.6, we measure the central line-of-sight velocity dispersion. To explore potential uses of this survey, we combine previously measured galaxy sizes, profiles, and stellar masses with the spectroscopy. The comparison reveals the known relations among structural, kinematic, and stellar population properties. We also compare redshift and D_n_4000 distributions of hCOS20.6 galaxies with SHELS; a complete spectroscopic survey of 4deg^2^ observed to the same depth. The redshift distributions in the two fields are very different, but the D_n_4000 distribution is remarkably similar. The relation between velocity dispersion and stellar mass for massive hCOS20.6 galaxies is consistent with the local relation from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using measured velocity dispersions, we test a photometric proxy calibrated to galaxies in the local universe. The systematic differences between the measured and photometric proxy velocity dispersions are correlated with galaxy dynamical and stellar population properties highlighting the importance of direct spectroscopic measurements.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/885/74
- Title:
- 1340 Helium rich white dwarfs in the Gaia era
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/885/74
- Date:
- 09 Mar 2022 22:00:00
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an analysis of 1023 DBZ/DZ(A) and 319 DQ white dwarf stars taken from the Montreal White Dwarf Database. This represents a significant increase over the previous comprehensive studies on these types of objects. We use new trigonometric parallax measurements from the Gaia second data release, together with photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Pan-STARRS, Gaia, or BVRI from the literature, which allow the determination of the mass for the majority of the objects in our sample. We use the photometric and spectroscopic techniques with our recently improved model atmospheres code, which include high-density effects, to accurately determine the effective temperature, surface gravity, and heavy-element abundances for each object. We study the abundance of hydrogen in DBZ/DZ white dwarfs and the properties of the accreted planetesimals. We explore the nature of the second sequence of DQ stars using proper motions from Gaia and highlight evidence of crystallization in massive DQ stars. We also present mass distributions for both spectral types. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the spectral evolution of white dwarfs and provide the atmospheric parameters for each star.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/841/116
- Title:
- Herschel spectra of 11 very low mass stars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/841/116
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The properties of disks around brown dwarfs and very low mass stars (hereafter VLMOs) provide important boundary conditions on the process of planet formation and inform us about the numbers and masses of planets than can form in this regime. We use the Herschel Space Observatory PACS spectrometer to measure the continuum and [OI]63{mu}m line emission toward 11 VLMOs with known disks in the Taurus and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions. We fit radiative transfer models to the spectral energy distributions of these sources. Additionally, we carry out a grid of radiative transfer models run in a regime that connects the luminosity of our sources with brighter T Tauri stars. We find that VLMO disks with sizes 1.3-78au, smaller than typical T Tauri disks, fit well the spectral energy distributions assuming that disk geometry and dust properties are stellar mass independent. Reducing the disk size increases the disk temperature, and we show that VLMOs do not follow previously derived disk temperature-stellar luminosity relationships if the disk outer radius scales with stellar mass. Only 2 out of 11 sources are detected in [OI] despite a better sensitivity than was achieved for T Tauri stars, suggesting that VLMO disks are underluminous. Using thermochemical models, we show that smaller disks can lead to the unexpected [OI]63{mu}m nondetections in our sample. The disk outer radius is an important factor in determining the gas and dust observables.
