- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/806/129
- Title:
- Space telescope RM project. II. Swift data
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/806/129
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Recent intensive Swift monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 yielded 282 usable epochs over 125 days across six UV/optical bands and the X-rays. This is the densest extended active galactic nucleus (AGN) UV/optical continuum sampling ever obtained, with a mean sampling rate <0.5 day. Approximately daily Hubble Space Telescope UV sampling was also obtained. The UV/optical light curves show strong correlations (r_max_=0.57-0.90) and the clearest measurement to date of interband lags. These lags are well-fit by a {tau}{propto}{lambda}^4/3^ wavelength dependence, with a normalization that indicates an unexpectedly large disk radius of ~0.35+/-0.05lt-day at 1367{AA}, assuming a simple face-on model. The U band shows a marginally larger lag than expected from the fit and surrounding bands, which could be due to Balmer continuum emission from the broad-line region as suggested by Korista and Goad. The UV/X-ray correlation is weaker (r_max_<0.45) and less consistent over time. This indicates that while Swift is beginning to measure UV/optical lags in general agreement with accretion disk theory (although the derived size is larger than predicted), the relationship with X-ray variability is less well understood. Combining this accretion disk size estimate with those from quasar microlensing studies suggests that AGN disk sizes scale approximately linearly with central black hole mass over a wide range of masses.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/368/267
- Title:
- Spatially resolved spectroscopy of Cas A
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/368/267
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have performed the first detailed spatially resolved spectroscopy of Cas A in the 1.6-10keV energy range, using data taken with the Medium Energy Concentrator Spectrometer (MECS) on board the BeppoSAX Observatory. The well calibrated point spread function in the central region of the MECS allowed us to perform a spatial deconvolution of the data at full energy resolution. We eventually generated a set of spectra, covering a region of ~3' radius around the centre of Cas A. The data used were obtained on Aug 1996, Sep 1996 and Nov 1997.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/787/107
- Title:
- Spatial structure of young stellar clusters. I.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/787/107
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The clusters of young stars in massive star-forming regions show a wide range of sizes, morphologies, and numbers of stars. Their highly subclustered structures are revealed by the MYStIX project's sample of 31754 young stars in nearby sites of star formation (regions at distances <3.6kpc that contain at least one O-type star.) In 17 of the regions surveyed by MYStIX, we identify subclusters of young stars using finite mixture models --collections of isothermal ellipsoids that model individual subclusters. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the model parameters, and the Akaike Information Criterion is used to determine the number of subclusters. This procedure often successfully finds famous subclusters, such as the BN/KL complex behind the Orion Nebula Cluster and the KW-object complex in M17. A catalog of 142 subclusters is presented, with 1-20 subclusters per region. The subcluster core radius distribution for this sample is peaked at 0.17pc with a standard deviation of 0.43dex, and subcluster core radius is negatively correlated with gas/dust absorption of the stars --a possible age effect. Based on the morphological arrangements of subclusters, we identify four classes of spatial structure: long chains of subclusters, clumpy structures, isolated clusters with a core-halo structure, and isolated clusters well fit by a single isothermal ellipsoid.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/393/425
- Title:
- Spectral analysis of Lockman Hole
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/393/425
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results of the X-ray spectral analysis of the first deep X-ray survey with the XMM-Newton observatory during Performance Verification. The X-ray data of the Lockman Hole field and the derived cumulative source counts were reported by Hasinger et al. (2001A&A...365L..45H). We restrict the analysis to the sample of 98 sources with more than 70 net counts (flux limit in the [0.5-7]keV band of 1.6x10^-15^erg/cm^2^/s) of which 61 have redshift identification. We find no correlation between the spectral index and the intrinsic absorption column density NH and, for both the Type-1 and Type-2 AGN populations, we obtain <Gamma>~=2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/853/150
- Title:
- Spectral analysis of low-mass X-ray binaries
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/853/150
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- A recent study of a small sample of X-ray binaries (XRBs) suggests a significant softening of spectra of neutron star (NS) binaries as compared to black hole (BH) binaries in the luminosity range 10^34^-10^37^erg/s. This softening is quantified as an anticorrelation between the spectral index and the 0.5-10keV X-ray luminosity. We extend the study to significantly lower luminosities (i.e., ~a few x10^30^erg/s) for a larger sample of XRBs. We find evidence for a significant anticorrelation between the spectral index and the luminosity for a group of NS binaries in the luminosity range 10^32^-10^33^erg/s. Our analysis suggests a steep slope for the correlation i.e., -2.12+/-0.63. In contrast, BH binaries do not exhibit the same behavior. We examine the possible dichotomy between NS and BH binaries in terms of a Comptonization model that assumes a feedback mechanism between an optically thin hot corona and an optically thick cool source of soft photons. We gauge the NS-BH dichotomy by comparing the extracted corona temperatures, Compton-y parameters, and the Comptonization amplification factors: the mean temperature of the NS group is found to be significantly lower than the equivalent temperature for the BH group. The extracted Compton-y parameters and the amplification factors follow the theoretically predicted relation with the spectral index.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/238/13
- Title:
- Spectral and timing results of 1ES 1959+650
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/238/13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the detailed timing and spectral results obtained during the Swift observations of the TeV-detected blazar 1ES 1959+650 in 2016 August-2017 November. The source continued its trend of gradually enhancing X-ray flaring activity in the 0.3-10keV energy range, starting in 2015 August, and a new highest historical brightness state was recorded twice. A long-term high state was superimposed by both weak and strong flares, and we detected 32 instances of intraday X-ray flux variability, including several occasions of extremely fast fluctuations with fractional amplitudes of 5.4%-7.5% within 1ks exposures. The 0.3-10keV spectra generally showed a best fit with the log-parabolic model, yielding a very wide range of the curvature parameter b and the photon index at 1keV. The position of the synchrotron SED peak Ep showed an extreme variability on various timescales between energies less than 0.1keV and 7.7+/-0.7keV, with 25% of the spectra peaking at hard X-rays. In 2017 May-November, the source mostly showed lower spectral curvature and an anticorrelation b-Ep, expected in the case of efficient stochastic acceleration of X-ray-emitting electrons. The 0.3-100GeV and optical-UV fluxes also attained their highest historical values in this period, although the latter showed an anticorrelation with the 0.3-10keV emission, which is explained by the stochastic acceleration of electrons with a narrow initial energy distribution, having an average energy significantly higher than the equilibrium energy.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/433/1163
- Title:
- Spectral catalog of BeppoSAX blazars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/433/1163
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a spectral catalog for blazars based on the BeppoSAX archive. The sample includes 44 High-energy peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), 14 Low-energy peaked BL Lacs (LBLs), and 28 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs). A total of 168 LECS, MECS, and PDS spectra were analyzed, corresponding to observations taken in the period 1996-2002. The 0.1-50keV continuum of LBLs and FSRQs is generally fitted by a single power law with Galactic column density.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/471/364
- Title:
- Spectral curvature values for AGN sample
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/471/364
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To fully understand cosmic black hole growth, we need to constrain the population of heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at the peak of cosmic black hole growth (z~1-3). Sources with obscuring column densities higher than 10^24^atoms/cm^2^, called Compton-thick (CT) AGNs, can be identified by excess X-ray emission at ~20-30keV, called the 'Compton hump'. We apply the recently developed Spectral Curvature (SC) method to high-redshift AGNs (2<z<5) detected with Chandra. This method parametrizes the characteristic 'Compton hump' feature cosmologically redshifted into the X-ray band at observed energies <10 keV. We find good agreement in CT AGNs found using the SC method, and bright sources fit using their full spectrum with X-ray spectroscopy. In the Chandra Deep Field-South, we measure a CT fraction of 17^+19^_-11_% (3/17) for sources with observed luminosity >5x10^43^erg/s. In the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS), we find an observed CT fraction of 15^+4^_-3_% (40/272) or 32+/-11 per cent when corrected for the survey sensitivity. When comparing to low redshift AGNs with similar X-ray luminosities, our results imply that the CT AGN fraction is consistent with having no redshift evolution. Finally, we provide SC equations that can be used to find high-redshift CT AGNs (z>1) for current (XMM-Newton) and future (eROSITA and ATHENA) X-ray missions.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/224/26
- Title:
- Spectral energy distributions of Roma BZCAT blazars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/224/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We combined multi-wavelength data for blazars from the Roma-BZCAT catalog and analyzed hundreds of X-ray spectra. We present the fluxes and spectral energy distributions (SEDs), in 12 frequency bands from radio to {gamma}-rays, for a final sample of 2214 blazars. Using a model-independent statistical approach, we looked for systematic trends in the SEDs; the most significant trends involved the radio luminosities and X-ray spectral indices of the blazars. We used a principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the basis vectors of the blazar SEDs and, in order to maximize the size of the sample, imputed missing fluxes using the K-nearest neighbors method. Using more than an order of magnitude more data than was available when Fossati et al. first reported trends of SED shape with blazar luminosity, we confirmed the anti-correlation between radio luminosity and synchrotron peak frequency, although with greater scatter than was seen in the smaller sample. The same trend can be seen between bolometric luminosity and synchrotron peak frequency. Finally, we used all of the available blazar data to determine an empirical SED description that depends only on the radio luminosity at 1.4GHz and the redshift. We verified that this statistically significant relation was not a result of the luminosity-luminosity correlations that are natural in flux-limited samples (i.e., where the correlation is actually caused by the redshift rather than the luminosity).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/468/4735
- Title:
- Spectral evolution of 4U 1543-47 in 2002
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/468/4735
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the viscous evolution of the accretion disc in 4U 1543-47, a black hole binary system, during the first 30 d after the peak of the 2002 burst by comparing the observed and theoretical accretion rate evolution dM(t)/dt. The observed dM(t)/dt is obtained from spectral modelling of the archival Proportional Counter Array aboard the RXTE observatory (RXTE/PCA) data. Different scenarios of disc decay evolution are possible depending on a degree of self-irradiation of the disc by the emission from its centre. If the self-irradiation, which is parametrized by factor C_irr_, had been as high as ~5x10^-3^, then the disc would have been completely ionized up to the tidal radius and the short time of the decay would have required the turbulent parameter {alpha}~3. We find that the shape of the \dot M(t) curve is much better explained in a model with a shrinking high-viscosity zone. If C_irr_~(2-3)x10^-4^, the resulting {alpha} lie in the interval 0.5-1.5 for the black hole masses in the range 6-10M_{sun}_, while the radius of the ionized disc is variable and controlled by irradiation. For very weak irradiation, C_irr_<1.5x10^-4^, the burst decline develops as in normal outbursts of dwarf novae with {alpha}~0.08-0.32. The optical data indicate that C_irr_ in 4U 1543-47 (2002) was not greater than approximately (3-6)x10^-4^. Generally, modelling of an X-ray nova burst allows one to estimate {alpha} that depends on the black hole parameters. We present the public 1D code FREDDI to model the viscous evolution of an accretion disc. Analytic approximations are derived to estimate {alpha} in X-ray novae using dM(t)/dt.