We investigate the multiple stellar populations in one of the peculiar globular clusters (GCs), M22, using new ground-based wide-field Ca by and Hubble Space Telescope Wide-Field Camera 3 photometry with equivalent passbands, confirming our previous result that M22 has a distinctive red giant branch (RGB) split mainly due to the difference in metal abundances. We also make use of radial velocity measurements by others of the large number of cluster membership stars. Our main results are the following. (1) The RGB and the subgiant branch number ratios show that the calcium-weak (Ca-w) group is the dominant population of the cluster. However, an irreconcilable difference can be seen in the rather simple classification into two horizontal branches by others. (2) Each group has its own CN-CH anticorrelation. However, the alleged CN-CH positive correlation is likely illusory. (3) The location of the RGB bump of the calcium-strong (Ca-s) group is significantly fainter, which may pose a challenge to the helium enhancement scenario in the Ca-s group. (4) The positions of the centers are similar. (5) The Ca-w group is slightly more centrally concentrated, whereas the Ca-s is more elongated at larger radii. (6) The mean radial velocities for both groups are similar, but the Ca-s group has a larger velocity dispersion. (7) The Ca-s group rotates faster. The plausible scenario for the formation of M22 is that it formed via a merger of two GCs in a dwarf galaxy environment and accreted later to our Galaxy.
We present new measurements of the metallicity of 131 RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster {omega} Centauri, using the hk index of the Caby photometric system. The hk method has distinct advantages over {delta}S and other techniques in determining the metallicity of RR Lyrae stars and has allowed us to obtain the most complete and homogeneous metallicity data to date for the RR Lyrae stars in this cluster. For RR Lyrae stars in common with the {delta}S observations of Butler, Dickens, & Epps (1978ApJ...225..148B) and Gratton, Tornambe, & Ortolani (1986A&A...169..111G), we have found that our metallicities, [Fe/H]_hk_, deviate systematically from their {delta}S metallicity, while our [Fe/H]_hk_ for well-observed, field RR_ab_ stars are consistent with previous spectroscopic measurements.
The CADC provides a collection of reference surveys available using the HiPS protocol. All collections are clones of the main HIPS server at CDS (http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/hips/). Additional services will be added as they become available.
Isotopic heterogeneities of ^48^Ca have been found in numerous bulk meteorites that are correlated with ^50^Ti and ^54^Cr anomalies among differentiated planetary bodies, and the results suggest that a rare subset of neutron-rich Type Ia supernova (nSN Ia) was responsible for contributing these neutron-rich iron-group isotopes into the solar system (SS). The heterogeneity of these isotopes found in differentiated meteorites indicates that the isotopic compositions of the bulk SS are not uniform, and there are significant amounts of nSNe Ia dust incompletely mixed with the rest of SS materials during planetary formation. Combined with the data of now-extinct short-lived nuclide ^60^Fe, which can be produced more efficiently from an nSN Ia than a Type II supernova ejecta, the observed planetary-scale isotopic heterogeneity probably reflects a late input of stellar dust grains with neutron-rich nuclear statistical equilibrium nuclides into the early SS.
We present the results of a survey for CaII {lambda}{lambda}3934,3969 absorption-line systems culled from ~95000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 and Data Release 9 quasar spectra. With 435 doublets identified in the catalogue, this list is the largest CaII catalogue compiled to date, spanning redshifts z<1.34, which corresponds to the most recent ~8.9Gyr of the history of the Universe. We derive statistics on the Caii rest equivalent width distribution and incidence. We find that the {lambda}3934 rest equivalent width (W_0_^{lambda}3934^) distribution cannot be described by a single exponential function. A double exponential function is required to produce a satisfactory description.
We use 665 high-resolution spectra for 60 different dM4 stars and 1088 high-resolution spectra for 97 different dK5 stars from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) data bases. We present 179 new measurements of the CaII resonance lines and 615 new measurements of the H{alpha} line for dM4 stars. We also present 701 new measurements of the CaII resonance lines and 1088 new measurements of the H{alpha} line for dK5 stars. We also compiled other measurements available in the literature.
The relation between the CaII H and K line-tore flux density and rotation period is studied for a sample of 313 cool stars of luminosity classes ranging from II-III to V, and compared to similar relations for MgII h and k and soft X-ray.
From observations of almost 500 red giant branch stars in 29 Galactic open and globular clusters, we have investigated the behavior of the infrared Ca II triplet (8498, 8542, and 8662{AA}) in the age range 13Gyr<=age<=0.25Gyr and the metallicity range -2.2<=[Fe/H]<=+0.47. These are the widest ranges of ages and metallicities in which the behavior of the Ca II triplet lines has been investigated in a homogeneous way. We report the first empirical study of the variation of the Ca II triplet lines' strength, for given metallicities, with respect to luminosity.
We present 187 high-resolution spectra for 62 different M1 dwarfs from observations obtained with the FIbre-fed Echelle Spectrograph (FIES) on the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and from observations with the Fibre-fed Extended Range Echelle Spectrograph (FEROS) from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) data base. We also compiled other measurements available in the literature.
