- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/at20g1fgl
- Title:
- AT20G/Fermi 1FGL Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- AT20G1FGL
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The high-frequency radio sky, like the gamma-ray sky surveyed by the Fermi satellite, is dominated by flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects at bright flux levels. To investigate the relationship between radio and gamma-ray emission in extragalactic sources, the authors have cross-matched the Australia Telescope 20-GHz survey catalog (AT20G: Murphy et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 2403, available as a HEASARC Browse table) with the Fermi-LAT 1-year Point Source Catalog (1FGL: Abdo et al. 2010, ApJS, 188, 405, also available as the HEASARC Browse table FERMILPSC). The 6.0 sr of sky covered by both catalogs (Declination < 0 degrees, |b| > 1.5 degrees) contains 5890 AT20G radio sources and 604 1FGL gamma-ray sources. The AT20G source positions are accurate to within ~1 arcsec and, after excluding known Galactic sources, 43% of Fermi 1FGL sources have an AT20G source within the 95% Fermi confidence ellipse. Monte Carlo tests imply that at least 95% of these matches are genuine associations. Only five gamma-ray sources (1% of the Fermi catalog) have more than one AT20G counterpart in the Fermi error box. The AT20G matches also generally support the active galactic nucleus (AGN) associations in the First LAT AGN Catalog. The authors find a trend of increasing gamma-ray flux density with 20 GHz radio flux density. The Fermi detection rate of AT20G sources is close to 100% for the brightest 20 GHz sources, decreasing to 20% at 1 Jy, and to roughly 1% at 100 mJy. Eight of the matched AT20G sources have no association listed in 1FGL and are presented here as potential gamma-ray AGNs for the first time. The authors also identify an alternative AGN counterpart to one 1FGL source. The percentage of Fermi sources with AT20G detections decreases toward the Galactic plane, suggesting that the 1FGL catalog contains at least 50 Galactic gamma-ray sources in the southern hemisphere that are yet to be identified. This table contains the complete list of all 233 Fermi-AT20G matches. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2010 based on the electronic version of Table 4 obtained from the ApJ web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermi2favs
- Title:
- Fermi All-Sky Variability Analysis Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources
- Short Name:
- FERMI2FAVS
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA) is an analysis technique that searches for flaring sources in data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. It uses a photometric approach to blindly search for flares over the entire sky, and a likelihood analysis to precisely locate them and to measure their spectra. This catalog contains the flares and sources detected by running FAVA over the first 7.4 years of Fermi mission, from Modified Julian Date (MJD) 54682 (2008-08-04) to 57391 (2016-01-04). The analysis has been run in weekly time bins and in two independent energy bands, 100-800 MeV and 0.8-300 GeV. The detection threshold applied to the catalog flares is equivalent to 6 sigma (pre trials). The sources in the 2FAV are identified as clusters of flares. Their position and the corresponding error are derived from a weighted average of the best localized flares in the cluster. Likely gamma-ray counterparts, based on positional coincidence, are provided for the sources. This database table was first ingested by the HEASARC in July 2017 using electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). That data is available at <a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/fava_catalog/">http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/fava_catalog/</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fer2fusrid
- Title:
- Fermi 2FGL Unassociated Gamma-Ray Sources Possible Radio Identifications
- Short Name:
- FER2FUSRID
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains some of the results from an all-sky radio survey between 5- and 9-GHz of sky areas surrounding all unassociated gamma-ray objects listed in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Second Source Catalog (2FGL). The goal of these observations is to find all new gamma-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) associations with radio sources > 10 mJy at 8GHz. The authors observed with the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) the areas around unassociated sources, providing localizations of weak radio point sources found in 2FGL fields at arcminute scales. They then followed up a subset of these with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and the Long Baseline Array (LBA) in order to confirm detections of radio emission on parsec-scales. The authors quantified association probabilities based on known statistics of source counts and assuming a uniform distribution of background sources. In total, they found 865 radio sources at arcsecond scales as candidates for association and detected 95 of 170 selected for follow-up observations at milliarcsecond resolution. Based on this, they obtained firm associations for 76 previously unknown gamma-ray AGNs. Comparison of these new AGN associations with the predictions from using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) color-color diagram shows that half of the associations are missed. The authors found that in 129 out of 588 gamma-ray sources observed at arcminute scales not a single radio continuum source was detected above their sensitivity limit within the 3-sigma gamma-ray localization. These "empty" fields were found to be particularly concentrated at low Galactic latitudes. The nature of these Galactic gamma-ray emitters is not yet determined. A list of 216 target fields were observed with the VLA. The instantaneous bandwidth was split into two parts, with one half centered at 5.0 GHz (4.5 - 5.5 GHz) and the other centered at 7.3 GHz (6.8 - 7.8 GHz). The observations were made on 2012 October 26 and 2012 November 3. See section 2.1 of the reference paper for more details. These data are included in this HEASARC table. During the first campaign with the ATCA from 2012 September 19-20, the authors observed 411 2FGL unassociated sources in a Declination range of -90 degrees to +10 degrees at 5.5 and 9 GHz. The details of this observing campaign and results have been reported by Petrov et al. (2013, MNRAS, 432, 1294: available at the HEASARC as the AT2FGLUS table). The authors detected a total of 424 point sources. In a second ATCA campaign on 2013 September 25-28, the authors re-observed sources that were detected at 5 GHz, but were not detected at 9 GHz. See section 2.2 of the reference paper for more details. These data are included in this HEASARC table. Follow-up observations of 149 targets selected from the VLA and ATCA surveys above -30 degrees Declination were conducted with the VLBA between 2013 Feb-Aug (VCS7 project; 4.128 - 4.608 and 7.392 - 7.872 GHz simultaneously) and in 2013 Jun-Dec (campaign S5272; 7.392 - 7.872 GHz only). See section 2.3 of the reference paper for more details. These data are NOT included in this HEASARC table. For sources with Declination below -30 degrees, the authors added 21 objects to the on-going LCS campaign being conducted using the LBA (Petrov et al. 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2528) in 2013 Mar-2013 Jun at 8.200 - 8.520 GHz. See section 2.4 of the reference paper for more details. These data are NOT included in this HEASARC table. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2015 based on the union of CDS Catalog J/ApJS/217/4/ files table2.dat (the 148 'Category I' objects that were detected at 5.0/5.5 and/or 7.3/9.0 GHz within 2.7' of the 2FGL counterpart localization), table3.dat (the 501 'Category II' objects that were detected at 5.0/5.5 and/or 7.3/9.0 GHz between 2.7' and 6.5' of the 2FGL counterpart localization) and table4.dat (the 216 'Category III' objects that were detected outside of the 6.5 arcminutes but still within the 99% positional uncertainty of the 2FGL counterpart localization). It thus contains a total of 865 objects. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilbsl
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Bright Source List
- Short Name:
- FERMILBSL
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi LAT table of bright sources is a list of bright LAT sources that have statistical significances of 10 sigma or higher, based on the first three months of survey data. The primary purpose of this list is to assist proposers for Guest Investigator Cycle 2 (due date 6 March). This list will eventually be superseded by the LAT Source Catalog, to be released about one year after launch. This database table was created by the HEASARC in February 2009 based on the electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC) available at <a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/bright_src_list/">http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/bright_src_list/</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilblaz
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Gamma-Ray Blazar Classification Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILBLAZ
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This database table contains a catalog of classifications for blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCU) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope gamma-ray instrument. These classifications have been determined by an Artificial Neural Network machine learning method. The aim of the authors' study was to develop an optimized version of this Artificial Neural Network machine learning method for classifying these blazar candidates. The final result of this study increased the classification performance by about 80% with respect to the method previously used for the classification of uncertain blazars in Chiaro et al. (<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.462.3180C">2016MNRAS.462.3180C</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/462/3180/">CDS Cat. J/MNRAS/462/3180</a>), leaving only 15 unclassified blazars out of 573 blazar candidates of uncertain type listed in the Fermi LAT 4-Year Source Catalog. Looking beyond the gamma-ray features of blazars, interesting information can be obtained from a multiwavelength study of the sources and particularly from X-ray and radio flux. In this study the authors tested the possibility to use those two parameters to improve the performance of the network. They did not consider any optical spectroscopy data because, when considering uncertain sources, optical spectra are very often not available or not sufficiently descriptive of the nature of the source. The gamma-ray flux was obtained by adding five time-integrated fluxes in five bands (0.1-0.3, 0.3-1, 1-3, 3-10, 10-100 GeV) from the <a href="/W3Browse/fermi/fermi3fgl.html">3FGL Catalog</a> (Acero et al. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJS..218...23A">2015ApJS..218...23A</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/218/23/">CDS Cat. J/ApJS/218/23</a>). Radio and X-ray data were obtained from the Fermi LAT 4-Year AGN Catalog 3LAC (Ackermann et al. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...810...14A">2015ApJ...810...14A</a>, <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJ/810/14/">CDS Cat. J/ApJ/810/14</a>). Radio fluxes used were measured at frequencies of 1.4 and 0.8 GHz; the X-ray fluxes were measured in the 0.1-2.4keV range. The complete list of 567 classified BCUs is presented in this table in which sources are ordered by increasing likelihood of a source being a BL Lac. This database table was ingested by the HEASARC in May 2023 based upon the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/MNRAS/490/4770">CDS Catalog J/MNRAS/490/4770</a> file table1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilhesc
- Title:
- Fermi LAT High-Energy Source Catalog (1FHL)
- Short Name:
- FERMILHESC
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- This table contains the catalog of gamma-ray sources at energies above 10 GeV based on data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) accumulated during the first 3 years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of > 10 GeV sources (1FHL) has 514 sources. For each source, the authors present location, spectrum, a measure of variability,and associations with cataloged sources at other wavelengths. They found that 449 (87%) could be associated with known sources, of which 393 (76% of the 1FHL sources) are active galactic nuclei. Of the 27 sources associated with known pulsars, they find 20 (12) to have significant pulsations in the range > 10 GeV (> 25 GeV). In this work, the authors also report that, at energies above 10 GeV, unresolved sources account for 27% +/- 8% of the isotropic gamma-ray background, while the unresolved Galactic population contributes only at the few percent level to the Galactic diffuse background. The authors also highlight the subset of the 1FHL sources that are the best candidates for detection at energies above 50 - 100 GeV with current and future ground-based gamma-ray observatories. The time interval analyzed here is from the beginning of Fermi LAT science operations on 2008 August 4 (MET 239557447) to 2011 August 1 (MET 333849586), covering very nearly 3 years. In this work, the authors analyze gamma rays with energies in the range 10-500 GeV. To limit the contamination from gamma rays produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the upper atmosphere, gamma rays with zenith angles greater than 105 degrees were excluded. To further reduce the residual gamma rays from the upper atmosphere only data for time periods when the spacecraft rocking angle was less than 52 degrees were considered. See Section 2 of the reference paper for further explanations. This table was created by the HEASARC in April 2015 based on CDS Catalog J/ApJS/209/34/ files table3.dat and table7.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermiltrns
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Long-Term Transient Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILTRNS
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The First Catalog of Long-Term Transient Sources detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) comprises of 142 unique, transient sources that were detected on monthly time intervals during Fermi-LAT operations. The monthly time scale allows to identify transient and variable sources that were not yet reported in other Fermi-LAT catalogs. The monthly datasets were analyzed using a wavelet-based source detection algorithm that provided the candidate new transient sources. The search was limited to the extragalactic regions of the sky to avoid the dominance of the Galactic diffuse emission at low Galactic latitudes. The transient candidates were then analyzed using the standard Fermi-LAT maximum likelihood analysis method. All sources detected with a statistical significance above 4 sigma in at least one monthly bin were listed in the final catalog. This database table was ingested by the HEASARC in September 2021 and is based upon file downloaded from the Space Science Data Center (SSDC) Fermi-1FLT <a href="https://www.ssdc.asi.it/fermi1flt/">website</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilatra
- Title:
- Fermi LAT Sources Refined Associations Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMILATRA
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) First Source Catalog (1FGL: Abdo et al. 2010, ApJS, 188, 405) was released in 2010 February and the Fermi-LAT 2-Year Source Catalog (2FGL: Nolan et al. 2012, ApJS, 199, 31) appeared in 2012 April, based on data from 24 months of operations. Since they were released, many follow up observations of unidentified gamma-ray sources have been performed and new procedures for associating gamma-ray sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths have been developed. In the reference paper, the authors review and characterize all of the associations as published in the 1FGL and 2FGL catalogs on the basis of multi-frequency archival observations. In particular, they locate 177 spectra for the low-energy counterparts that were not listed in the previous Fermi catalogs, and in addition they present new spectroscopic observations of eight gamma-ray blazar candidates. Based on their investigations, the authors introduce a new counterpart category of "candidate associations" and propose a refined classification for the candidate low-energy counterparts of the Fermi sources. They compare the 1FGL-assigned counterparts with those listed in 2FGL to determine which unassociated sources became associated in later releases of the Fermi catalogs. The authors also search for potential counterparts to all of the remaining unassociated Fermi sources. Finally, they prepare a refined and merged list of all of the associations of 1FGL plus 2FGL that includes 2219 unique Fermi objects. This is the most comprehensive and systematic study of all the associations collected for the gamma-ray sources available to the date of this study. The authors conclude that 80% of the Fermi sources have at least one known plausible gamma-ray emitter within their positional uncertainty regions. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2015 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/217/2">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/217/2</a> file table4.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermi3fgl
- Title:
- Fermi LAT 4-Year Point Source Catalog
- Short Name:
- FERMI3FGL
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi LAT 4-Year Point Source Catalog (3FGL) is a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission during the first 48 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Compared to the 2FGL catalog, the 3FGL catalog incorporates twice as much data as well as a number of analysis improvements, including improved calibrations at the event reconstruction level, an updated model for Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission, a refined procedure for source detection, and improved methods for associating LAT sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths. Sources were detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 300 GeV range. Source detection was based on a threshold likelihood Test Statistic of 25, corresponding to a significance of just over 4 sigma. This catalog includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits with three different spectral forms; power-law for most sources, log-parabola for significantly curved sources, and power-law with exponential cutoff for known gamma-ray pulsars. It also includes flux measurements in 5 bands for each source. The Fermi LAT Team has evaluated the populations of gamma-ray sources that are represented in the catalog using a protocol defined before launch. Individual LAT-detected sources have been provided identifications or plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs. Care was taken to characterize the sensitivity of the results to the model of interstellar diffuse gamma-ray emission used to model the bright foreground, and a number of sources at low Galactic latitudes and toward bright local interstellar clouds are flagged as having positions that are strongly dependent on the model or as potentially entirely due to incorrectly modeled structure in the Galactic diffuse emission. This catalog has been superseded by the <a href="fermilpsc.html">Fermi LAT 8-Year Point Source Catalog</a>, also known as 4FGL. Please refer to that if you want the latest version. This database table was originally ingested by the HEASARC in May, 2015, as FERMILPSC. With the release of the 4FGL catalog in March, 2019, this catalog was renamed FERMI3FGL. The electronic data for this catalog was obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC) at <a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/4yr_catalog/">http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/4yr_catalog/</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
- ID:
- ivo://nasa.heasarc/fermilpsc
- Title:
- Fermi LAT 14-Year Point Source Catalog (4FGL-DR4)
- Short Name:
- FERMILPSC
- Date:
- 10 May 2024
- Publisher:
- NASA/GSFC HEASARC
- Description:
- The Fermi Point Source Catalog (4FGL) is a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The 14-year catalog is an incremental version (4FGL-DR4, for Data Release 4) of the fourth Fermi-LAT catalog of gamma-ray sources. Based on the first fourteen years of science data in the energy range from 50 MeV to 1 TeV, it uses the same analysis methods as the 4FGL- DR3 catalog did for 12 years of data. The spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions, light curves and associations are updated for all sources. This database table was last updated by the HEASARC in February 2024, using the latest electronic data obtained from the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC) available at <a href="http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/14yr_catalog/">http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access/lat/14yr_catalog/</a>. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
