- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/129/26
- Title:
- A deep radio survey of Abell 2125. I
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/129/26
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a description of deep radio, optical, and near-IR observations taken with the VLA, the KPNO 2m telescope, and the KPNO 4m telescope of the region containing the rich cluster of galaxies Abell 2125. The reduction of each data set is described. A catalog of radio sources apparently not associated with members of A2125 and the associated R-band magnitudes is presented.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/129/31
- Title:
- A deep radio survey of Abell 2125. II
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/129/31
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Using our extensive radio, optical, near-IR, and X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, we consider the reason for the unusually large number of radio-detected galaxies, mostly found outside the cluster core, in Abell 2125 (z=0.2465, richness class 4). With 20cm VLA data, we detect continuum emission from 90 cluster members. The multiwavelength properties of these galaxies suggest that most of the radio emission is due to an enhanced star formation rate. The recent dynamical study of Miller et al. (2004, Cat. <J/ApJ/613/841>) suggests that A2125 is undergoing a major cluster-cluster merger, with our view within 30{deg} of the merger axis and within 0.2Gyr of core passage. The combination of projection effects and the physical processes at work during this special time in the cluster's evolution seem likely to be responsible for the unusual level of activity we see in the cluster. We argue that tidal effects on individual cluster members, often far from the cluster core, are responsible for the increased star formation. Our results are consistent with the idea that disk galaxies during this phase of a cluster's evolution undergo rapid evolution through a burst of star formation on their way to becoming S0 galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/88/1285
- Title:
- A deep survey of galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/88/1285
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a sample of galaxies in six fields, each of area 2 sq deg, located in the North and South galactic polar caps. Photoelectrically calibrated photographic magnitudes and J-F colors have been determined for 512 galaxies brighter than completeness limits which range from F=16.5 to F=17.2 among the fields. Velocities, with typical accuracies of 150km/s have been obtained for 280 of the brighter galaxies. Using these data and previously published work, we determine the general galaxy luminosity function parameters to be M*_F_=-22.7, {alpha}=-1.25, and the mean visual luminosity density of the universe to be {rho}=2.3x10^8^hL_{sun}_/Mpc^3^. Assuming M/L_v_=300h, this implies {OMEGA}~0.26.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/812/40
- Title:
- Adiabatic mass loss in binary stars. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/812/40
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In the limit of extremely rapid mass transfer, the response of a donor star in an interacting binary becomes asymptotically one of adiabatic expansion. We survey here adiabatic mass loss from Population I stars (Z=0.02) of mass 0.10M_{sun}_-100M_{sun}_ from the zero-age main sequence to the base of the giant branch, or to central hydrogen exhaustion for lower main sequence stars. The logarithmic derivatives of radius with respect to mass along adiabatic mass-loss sequences translate into critical mass ratios for runaway (dynamical timescale) mass transfer, evaluated here under the assumption of conservative mass transfer. For intermediate- and high-mass stars, dynamical mass transfer is preceded by an extended phase of thermal timescale mass transfer as the star is stripped of most of its envelope mass. The critical mass ratio q_ad_ (throughout this paper, we follow the convention of defining the binary mass ratio as q{equiv}M_donor_/M_accretor_) above which this delayed dynamical instability occurs increases with advancing evolutionary age of the donor star, by ever-increasing factors for more massive donors. Most intermediate- or high-mass binaries with nondegenerate accretors probably evolve into contact before manifesting this instability. As they approach the base of the giant branch, however, and begin developing a convective envelope, q_ad_ plummets dramatically among intermediate-mass stars, to values of order unity, and a prompt dynamical instability occurs. Among low-mass stars, the prompt instability prevails throughout main sequence evolution, with q_ad_ declining with decreasing mass, and asymptotically approaching q_ad_=2/3, appropriate to a classical isentropic n=3/2 polytrope. Our calculated q_ad_ values agree well with the behavior of time-dependent models by Chen & Han (2003MNRAS.341..662C) of intermediate-mass stars initiating mass transfer in the Hertzsprung gap. Application of our results to cataclysmic variables, as systems that must be stable against rapid mass transfer, nicely circumscribes the range in q_ad_ as a function of the orbital period in which they are found. These results are intended to advance the verisimilitude of population synthesis models of close binary evolution.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/899/132
- Title:
- Adiabatic Mass Loss in Binary Stars. III.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/899/132
- Date:
- 14 Mar 2022 07:06:32
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The distinguishing feature of the evolution of close binary stars is the role played by the mass exchange between the component stars. Whether or not the mass transfer is dynamically stable is one of the essential questions in binary evolution. In the limit of extremely rapid mass transfer, the response of a donor star in an interacting binary becomes asymptotically one of adiabatic expansion. We use the adiabatic mass-loss model to systematically survey the thresholds for dynamical timescale mass transfer over the entire span of possible donor star evolutionary states. We also simulate mass-loss process with isentropic envelopes, the specific entropy of which is fixed to be that at the base of the convective envelope, to artificially mimic the effect of such mass loss in superadiabatic surface convection regions, where the adiabatic approximation fails. We illustrate the general adiabatic response of 3.2M{odot} donor stars at different evolutionary stages. We extend our study to a grid of donor stars with different masses (from 0.1 to 100 M{sun} with Z=0.02) and at different evolutionary stages. We proceed to present our criteria for dynamically unstable mass transfer in both tabular and graphical forms. For red giant branch (RGB) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) donors in systems with such mass ratios, they may have convective envelopes deep enough to evolve into common envelopes on a thermal timescale, if the donor star overfills its outer Lagrangian radius. Our results show that the RGB and AGB stars tend to be more stable than previously believed, and this may be helpful to explain the abundance of observed post-AGB binary stars with an orbital period of around 1000 days.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/121/473
- Title:
- A diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2 Galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/121/473
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present and discuss a three-dimensional diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2 galaxies obtained using X-ray and [O III] data on a large sample of objects (reported in the Appendix). The diagram shows the K{alpha} iron line equivalent width as a function of both the column density derived from the photoelectric cutoff and the 2-10 keV flux normalized to the [O III] optical-line flux (the latter corrected for extinction and assumed to be a true indicator of the source intrinsic luminosity). We find that the hard X-ray properties of type 2 objects depend on a single parameter, the absorbing column density along the line of sight, in accordance with the unified model. The diagram can be used to identify Compton-thick sources and to isolate and study peculiar objects. From this analysis we have obtained a column density distribution of Seyfert 2 galaxies that is thought to be a good approximation of the real distribution. A large population of heavily absorbed objects is discovered, including many Compton-thick candidates. Our results indicate that the mean log N_H_cm^-2^ in type 2 Seyfert galaxies is 23.5 and that as many as 23%-30% of sources have N_H_=>10^24^cm^-2^.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/637/A13
- Title:
- AD Leo high resolution spectra
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/637/A13
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are important for the evolution of the atmospheres of planets and their potential habitability, particularly for planets orbiting M stars at a distance <0.4AU. Detections of CMEs on these stars have been sparse, and previous studies have therefore modelled their occurrence frequency by scaling up solar relations. However, because the topology and strength of the magnetic fields on M stars is different from that of the Sun, it is not obvious that this approach works well. We used a large number of high-resolution spectra to study flares, CMEs, and their dynamics of the active M dwarf star AD Leo. The results can then be used as reference for other M dwarfs. We obtained more than 2000 high-resolution spectra (R~35000) of the highly active M dwarf AD Leo, which is viewed nearly pole on. Using these data, we studied the behaviour of the spectral lines H{alpha}, H{beta}, and HeI 5876 in detail and investigated asymmetric features that might be Doppler signatures of CMEs. We detected numerous flares. The largest flare emitted 8.32x10^31^erg in H{beta} and 2.12x10^32^erg in H{alpha}. Although the spectral lines in this and other events showed a significant blue asymmetry, the velocities associated with it are far below the escape velocity. Although AD Leo shows a high level of flare activity, the number of CMEs is relatively low. It is thus not appropriate to use the same flare-to-CME relation for M dwarfs as for the Sun.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PAZh/24/918
- Title:
- ADS 9731: a new sextuple system
- Short Name:
- J/PAZh/24/918
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Observations with the correlation radial velocity meter of ADS 9731 were carried out during 1996-1997. We established that the components A and D of the visual quadruple system ADS 9731 are spectroscopic binaries with periods of 3.87 and 14.3 days, respectively. Their orbits are computed. New photometry has demonstrated the absence of eclipses in the close pair Aab. The spectral types and luminosities of all six components matching the are found.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/409/245
- Title:
- ADS 11061 radial velocities
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/409/245
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The evolutionary status and origin of the most eccentric known binary in a quadruple system, 41 Dra (e=0.9754, period 3.413yr), are discussed. New observations include the much improved combined speckle-interferometric orbit, resolved photometry of the components and their spectroscopic analysis. The age of the system is 2.5+/-0.2Gyr; all four components are likely coeval. The high eccentricity of the orbit together with known age and masses provide a constraint on the tidal circularization theory: it seems that the eccentric orbit survived because the convective zones of the F-type dwarfs were very thin. Now as the components of 41 Dra are leaving the Main Sequence, their increased interaction at each periastron passage may result in detectable changes in period and eccentricity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/823/108
- Title:
- A dust model for bet Pic from 0.58 to 870um
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/823/108
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate whether varying the dust composition (described by the optical constants) can solve a persistent problem in debris disk modeling --the inability to fit the thermal emission without overpredicting the scattered light. We model five images of the {beta} Pictoris disk: two in scattered light from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph at 0.58{mu}m and HST/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) at 1.16{mu}m, and three in thermal emission from Spitzer/Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) at 24{mu}m, Herschel/PACS at 70{mu}m, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 870{mu}m. The WFC3 and MIPS data are published here for the first time. We focus our modeling on the outer part of this disk, consisting of a parent body ring and a halo of small grains. First, we confirm that a model using astronomical silicates cannot simultaneously fit the thermal and scattered light data. Next, we use a simple generic function for the optical constants to show that varying the dust composition can improve the fit substantially. Finally, we model the dust as a mixture of the most plausible debris constituents: astronomical silicates, water ice, organic refractory material, and vacuum. We achieve a good fit to all data sets with grains composed predominantly of silicates and organics, while ice and vacuum are, at most, present in small amounts. This composition is similar to one derived from previous work on the HR 4796A disk. Our model also fits the thermal spectral energy distribution, scattered light colors, and high-resolution mid-IR data from T-ReCS for this disk. Additionally, we show that sub-blowout grains are a necessary component of the halo.
