- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/181/444
- Title:
- X-emitting stars identified from the RASS/SDSS
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/181/444
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) was the first imaging X-ray survey of the entire sky. Combining the RASS Bright and Faint Source Catalogs (Cat. <IX/10>, 1RXS and <IX/29>) yields an average of about three X-ray sources per square degree. However, while X-ray source counterparts are known to range from distant quasars to nearby M dwarfs, the RASS data alone are often insufficient to determine the nature of an X-ray source. As a result, large-scale follow-up programs are required to construct samples of known X-ray emitters. We use optical data produced by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to identify 709 stellar X-ray emitters cataloged in the RASS and falling within the SDSS Data Release 1 footprint. Most of these are bright stars with coronal X-ray emission unsuitable for SDSS spectroscopy, which is designed for fainter objects (g>15[mag]). Instead, we use SDSS photometry, correlations with the Two Micron All Sky Survey and other catalogs, and spectroscopy from the Apache Point Observatory 3.5m telescope to identify these stellar X-ray counterparts. Our sample of 707 X-ray-emitting F, G, K, and M stars is one of the largest X-ray-selected samples of such stars. We identify 17 new X-ray-emitting DA (hydrogen) WDs, of which three are newly identified WDs. We report on follow-up observations of three candidate cool X-ray-emitting WDs (one DA and two DB (helium) WDs); we have not confirmed X-ray emission from these WDs.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/184/138
- Title:
- XID II: RASS/BSC-2MASS/PSC cross-association
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/184/138
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The 18806 ROSAT All Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog (RASS/BSC) X-ray sources are quantitatively cross-associated with near-infrared (NIR) sources from the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog (2MASS/PSC). An association catalog is presented, listing the most likely counterpart for each RASS/BSC source, the probability Pid that the NIR source and X-ray source are uniquely associated, and the probability Pno-id that none of the 2MASS/PSC sources are associated with the X-ray source. The catalog includes 3853 high quality (Pid>0.98) X-ray-NIR matches, 2280 medium quality (0.98>=Pid>0.9) matches, and 4153 low quality (0.9>=Pid>0.5) matches. Of the high quality matches, 1418 are associations that are not listed in the SIMBAD database, and for which no high quality match with a USNO-A2 optical source was presented for the RASS/BSC source in previous work. The present work offers a significant number of new associations with RASS/BSC objects that will require optical/NIR spectroscopy for classification. For example, of the 6133 Pid>0.9 2MASS/PSC counterparts presented in the association catalog, 2411 have no classification listed in the SIMBAD database. These 2MASS/PSC sources will likely include scientifically useful examples of known source classes of X-ray emitters (white dwarfs, coronally active stars, active galactic nuclei), but may also contain previously unknown source classes. It is determined that all coronally active stars in the RASS/BSC should have a counterpart in the 2MASS/PSC, and that the unique association of these RASS/BSC sources with their NIR counterparts thus is confusion limited.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/527/A126
- Title:
- 2XMMi/SDSS DR7 cross-correlation
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/527/A126
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Survey Science Centre of the XMM-Newton satellite released the first incremental version of the 2XMM catalogue in August 2008. Containing more than 220000 X-ray sources, the 2XMMi was at that time the largest catalogue of X-ray sources ever published and thus constitutes an unprecedented resource for studying the high-energy properties of various classes of X-ray emitters such as AGN and stars. Thanks to the high throughput of the EPIC cameras on board XMM-Newton accurate positions, fluxes, and hardness ratios are available for a substantial fraction of the X-ray detections. The advent of the 7th release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey offers the opportunity to cross-match two major surveys and extend the spectral energy distribution of many 2XMMi sources towards the optical bands. This implies building extensive homogeneous samples with a statistically controlled rate of spurious matches and completeness. We here present a cross-matching algorithm based on the classical likelihood ratio estimator. The method developed has the advantage of providing true probabilities of identifications without resorting to heavy Monte-Carlo simulations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/490/879
- Title:
- XMM-LSS field optical identifications
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/490/879
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The XMM-Large Scale Structure survey field (XMM-LSS) is an extragalactic window surveyed in the X-ray with the XMM-Newton satellite. It has also been observed in the optical with the Canada-France Hawaii Telescope (CFHTLS survey), and in the infrared with the Spitzer Space Telescope (SWIRE survey). These surveys have been carried out to study the structure and evolution of both baryonic and dark matter on cosmological scales. In two previous papers, we presented deep low frequency radio surveys of the XMM-LSS field, with limiting flux density levels of ~4 and ~1.5mJy/beam at 325 and 610MHz respectively (5{sigma}). These radio surveys were motivated by the need to understand the various connections between the host galaxies of radio sources and their environments. In this paper, we identify optical counterparts to the low frequency radio sources, using the CFHTLS optical catalogue and images, that have an i-band limiting magnitude of i_AB_~25.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/349/135
- Title:
- XMM-Newton/2dF survey. II.
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/349/135
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper we investigate the properties of low X-ray-to-optical flux ratio sources detected in a wide-area (2.5{deg}^2^) shallow [fX(0.5-8keV)~10^-14^erg/s/cm^2^] XMM-Newton survey. We find a total of 26 sources (5 per cent of the total X-ray-selected population) with log(fX)/f(opt)<-0.9 to the above flux limit. Optical spectroscopy is available for 20 of these low X-ray-to-optical flux ratio objects.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/553/A12
- Title:
- XMM-Newton SSC survey of Galactic Plane
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/553/A12
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Many different classes of X-ray sources contribute to the Galactic landscape at high energies. Although the nature of the most luminous X-ray emitters is now fairly well understood, the population of low-to-medium X-ray luminosity (LX=10^27-34^erg/s) sources remains much less studied, our knowledge being mostly based on the observation of local members. The advent of wide field and high sensitivity X-ray telescopes such as XMM-Newton now offers the opportunity to observe this low-to-medium LX population at large distances. We report on the results of a Galactic plane survey conducted by the XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre (SSC). Beyond its astrophysical goals, this survey aims at gathering a representative sample of identified X-ray sources at low latitude that can be used later on to statistically identify the rest of the serendipitous sources discovered in the Milky Way. The survey is based on 26 XMM-Newton observations, obtained at |b|<20{deg}, distributed over a large range in Galactic longitudes and covering a summed area of 4deg^2^. The flux limit of our survey is 2x10^-15^erg/cm^2^/s in the soft (0.5-2keV) band and 1x10^-14^erg/cm^2^/s in the hard (2-12keV) band. We detect a total of 1319 individual X-ray sources. Using optical follow-up observations supplemented by cross-correlation with a large range of multi-wavelength archival catalogues we identify 316 X-ray sources. This constitutes the largest group of spectroscopically identified low latitude X-ray sources at this flux level. The majority of the identified X-ray sources are active coronae with spectral types in the range A-M at maximum distances of ~1kpc. The number of identified active stars increases towards late spectral types, reaching a maximum at K. Using infrared colours we classify 18% of the stars as giants. The observed distributions of FX/FV, X-ray and infrared colours indicates that our sample is dominated by a young (100Myr) to intermediate (600Myr) age population with a small contribution of close main sequence or evolved binaries. We find other interesting objects such as cataclysmic variables (d~0.6-2kpc), low luminosity high mass stars (likely belonging to the class of {gamma}-Cas-like systems, d~1.5-7kpc), T Tauri and Herbig-Ae stars. A handful of extragalactic sources located in the highest Galactic latitude fields could be optically identified. For the 20 fields observed with the EPIC pn camera, we have constructed logN(>S)-logS curves in the soft and hard bands. In the soft band, the majority of the sources are positively identified with active coronae and the fraction of stars increases by about one order of magnitude from b=60{deg} to b=0{deg} at an X-ray flux of 2x10^-14^erg/cm^2^/s. The hard band is dominated by extragalactic sources, but there is a small contribution from a hard Galactic population formed by CVs, HMXB candidates or {gamma}-Cas-like systems and by some active coronae that are also detected in the soft band. At b=0{deg} the surface density of hard sources brighter than 1x10^-13^erg/cm^2^/s steeply increases by one order of magnitude from l=20{deg} to the Galactic centre region (l=0.9{deg}).
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/488/417
- Title:
- XMM-Newton survey of the ELAIS-S1 field. II.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/488/417
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the optical identifications and a multi-band catalogue of a sample of 478 X-ray sources detected in the XMM-Newton and Chandra surveys of the central 0.6deg^2^ of the ELAIS-S1 field. The most likely optical/infrared counterpart of each X-ray source was identified using the chance coincidence probability in the R and IRAC 3.6 micron bands.This method was complemented by the precise positions obtained through Chandra observations. We were able to associate a counterpart to each X-ray source in the catalogue. Approximately 94% of them are detected in the R band, while the remaining are blank fields in the optical down to R~24.5, but have a near-infrared counterpart detected by IRAC within 6 arcsec from the XMM-Newton centroid. The multi-band catalogue, produced using the positions of the identified optical counterparts, contains photometry in ten photometric bands, from B to the MIPS 24 micron band. The spectroscopic follow-up allowed us to determine the redshift and classification for 237 sources (~50% of the sample) brighter than R=24. The spectroscopic redshifts were complemented by reliable photometric redshifts for 68 sources. We classified 47% of the sources with spectroscopic redshift as broad-line active galactic nuclei (BL AGNs) with z=0.1-3.5, while sources without broad-lines (NOT BL AGNs) are about 46% of the spectroscopic sample and are found up to z=2.6. The remaining fraction is represented by extended X-ray sources and stars. We spectroscopically identified 11 type 2 QSOs among the sources with X/O>8, with redshift between 0.9 and 2.6, high 2-10keV luminosity (logLx>=43.8erg/s) and hard X-ray colors suggesting large absorbing columns at the rest frame (logN_H_ up to 23.6cm^-2^). BL AGNs show on average blue optical-to-near-infrared colors, softer X-ray colors and X-ray-to-optical colors typical of optically selected AGNs. Conversely, narrow-line sources show redder optical colors, harder X-ray flux ratio and span a wider range of X-ray-to-optical colors. On average the Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of high-luminosity BL AGNs resemble the power-law typical of unobscured AGNs. The SEDs of NOT BLAGNs are dominated by the galaxy emission in the optical/near-infrared, and show a rise in the mid-infrared which suggests the presence of an obscured active nucleus. We study the infrared-to-optical colors and near-infrared SEDs to infer the properties of the AGN host galaxies.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/553/A7
- Title:
- XMM sources in M83 (NGC5236)
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/553/A7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the results obtained from the analysis of three XMM-Newton observations of M83. The aims of the paper are studying the X-ray source populations in M83 and calculating the X-ray luminosity functions of X-ray binaries for different regions of the galaxy. We detected 189 sources in the XMM-Newton field of view in the energy range of 0.2-12keV. We constrained their nature by means of spectral analysis, hardness ratios, studies of the X-ray variability, and cross-correlations with catalogues in X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/566/A115
- Title:
- XMM sources in NGC1512/1510
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/566/A115
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The galaxy NGC1512 is interacting with the smaller galaxy NGC1510 and shows a peculiar morphology, characterised by two extended arms immersed in an HI disc whose size is about four times larger than the optical diameter of NGC1512. For the first time we performed a deep X-ray observation of the galaxies NGC1512 and NGC1510 with XMM-Newton to gain information on the population of X-ray sources and diffuse emission in a system of interacting galaxies. We identified and classified the sources detected in the XMM-Newton field of view by means of spectral analysis, hardness-ratios calculated with a Bayesian method, X-ray variability, and cross-correlations with catalogues in optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths. We also made use of archival Swift (X-ray) and Australia Telescope Compact Array (radio) data to better constrain the nature of the sources detected with XMM-Newton. We detected 106 sources in the energy range of 0.2-12keV, out of which 15 are located within the D_25_ regions of NGC1512 and NGC1510 and at least six sources coincide with the extended arms. We identified and classified six background objects and six foreground stars. We discussed the nature of a source within the D_25_ ellipse of NGC1512, whose properties indicate a quasi-stellar object or an intermediate ultra-luminous X-ray source. Taking into account the contribution of low-mass X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, the number of high-mass X-ray binaries detected within the D_25_ region of NGC1512 is consistent with the star formation rate obtained in previous works based on radio, infrared optical, and UV wavelengths. We detected diffuse X-ray emission from the interior region of NGC1512 with a plasma temperature of kT=0.68(0.31-0.87)keV and a 0.3-10keV X-ray luminosity of 1.3E+38erg/s, after correcting for unresolved discrete sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/372/661
- Title:
- XMM view of NGC 6231: OB stars
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/372/661
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this second paper of the series, we focus on the X-ray properties of the OB star population of NGC 6231. As a tool for our analysis, we performed a literature-based census of the OB stars in the field of view. More than one hundred objects are found, among which 30% can be associated with an X-ray source. All the O-type stars are detected in the X-ray domain as soft and reasonably strong emitters. [...] Among B-type stars, the detection rate is only about 25% in the sub-type range B0-B4 and remains mostly uniform throughout the different sub-populations while it drops significantly at later sub-types. The associated X-ray spectra are harder than those of O-type stars. Our analysis points towards the emission being rather associated with a physical (in a multiple system) PMS companion. However, we still observe a correlation between the bolometric luminosity of the B stars and the measured X-ray luminosity. [...]
