- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/526/A102
- Title:
- VLBI imaging of 105 extragalactic radio sources
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/526/A102
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The European space astrometry mission Gaia, to be launched by 2012, will construct a dense optical QSO-based celestial reference frame which will need to be linked to the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF; the IAU fundamental frame), with the highest accuracy. However, it has been found that only 10% of the ICRF sources (70 sources) are suitable to establish this link. The remaining sources are not useful either because they are not bright enough at optical wavelengths or because they have significant extended radio emission which precludes reaching the highest astrometric accuracy. In order to improve the accuracy of this alignment, we have developed a program of VLBI observations based on three steps to detect, image and measure astrometric positions of weak extragalactic radio sources, with bright optical counterparts, from a sample of 447 candidate sources. The experiments devoted to VLBI detection, carried out with the European VLBI Network (EVN) in June and October 2007, were very successful, with 398 sources detected at both S- and X-bands. From these, 105 sources were observed in March 2008 with a global VLBI array (EVN and VLBA; Very Long Baseline Array) for imaging their VLBI structures. All sources were successfully imaged in both bands and about 50% (47 sources) were found to be point-like on VLBI scales. These images are available at http://www.obs.u-bordeaux1.fr/BVID/GC030/. VLBI positions of these sources will be measured accurately in future astrometric experiments.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/466/63
- Title:
- VLBI observations of BL Lac objects
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/466/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present EVN observations of seven BL Lac objects selected from the RGB sample. To investigate the intrinsic radiation property of BL Lac objects, we estimated the Doppler factor with the VLA or MERLIN core and the total 408MHz luminosity for a sample of 170 BL Lac objects. The intrinsic (comoving) synchrotron peak frequency was then calculated by using the estimated Doppler factor. Assuming a Lorentz factor of 5, the viewing angle of jets was constrained. The high-resolution VLBI images of seven sources all show a core-jet structure. We estimated the proper motions of three sources with the VLBI archive data, and find that the apparent speed increases with the distance of components to the core for all of them.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/469/503
- Title:
- VRIJHK observations of PKS 2155-304
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/469/503
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Spectral variability is the main tool for constraining emission models of BL Lac objects. By means of systematic observations of the BL Lac prototype PKS 2155-304 in the infrared-optical band, we explore variability on the scales of months, days and hours. We made our observations with the robotic 60cm telescope REM located at La Silla, Chile. VRIJHK filters were used. PKS 2155-304 was observed from May to December 2005. The wavelength interval explored, the total number of photometric points and the short integration time render our photometry substantially superior to previous ones for this source. On the basis of the intensity and colour we distinguish three different states of the source, each of duration of months, which include all those described in the literature. In particular, we report the highest state ever detected in the H band. The source varied by a factor of 4 in this band, much more than in the V band (a factor of about 2). The source softened with increasing intensity, contrary to the general pattern observed in the UV-X-ray bands. On five nights of November we had nearly continuous monitoring for 2-3 hours. A variability episode with a time scale of tau approx 24h is well documented, a much more rapid flare with tau=1-2h, is also apparent, but is supported by relatively few points. The overall spectral energy distribution of PKS 2155-304 is commonly described by a synchrotron-self-Compton model. The optical infrared emission is however in excess of the expectation of the model, in its original formulation. This can be explained by a variation of the frequency of the synchrotron peak, which is not unprecedented in BL Lacs.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/222/24
- Title:
- VRI LCs of BL Lac object Mrk 501 from 2010 to 2015
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/222/24
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have monitored the BL Lac object Mrk 501 in the optical V, R, and I bands from 2010 to 2015. For Mrk 501, the presence of a strong host galaxy component can affect the results of photometry. After subtracting the host galaxy contributions, the source shows intraday and long-term variabilities for optical flux and color indices. The average variability amplitudes of the V, R, and I bands are 22.05%, 22.25%, and 23.82%, respectively, and the value of the duty cycle is 14.87%. A minimal variability timescale of 106 minutes is detected. No significant time lag between the V and I bands is found on one night. The bluer-when-brighter (BWB) trend is dominant for Mrk 501 on intermediate, short, and intraday timescales, which supports the shock-in-jet model. For the long timescale, Mrk 501, in different states, can have different BWB trends. The corresponding results for non-correcting host galaxy contributions are also presented. We have monitored the BL Lac object Mrk 501 in the optical V, R, and I bands from 2010 to 2015. For Mrk 501, the presence of a strong host galaxy component can affect the results of photometry. After subtracting the host galaxy contributions, the source shows intraday and long-term variabilities for optical flux and color indices. The average variability amplitudes of the V, R, and I bands are 22.05%, 22.25%, and 23.82%, respectively, and the value of the duty cycle is 14.87%. A minimal variability timescale of 106 minutes is detected. No significant time lag between the V and I bands is found on one night. The bluer-when-brighter (BWB) trend is dominant for Mrk 501 on intermediate, short, and intraday timescales, which supports the shock-in-jet model. For the long timescale, Mrk 501, in different states, can have different BWB trends. The corresponding results for non-correcting host galaxy contributions are also presented.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/369/758
- Title:
- VRI photometry of BL Lac (1997-1999)
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/369/758
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the optical (V, R, and I) photometry for BL Lacertae, which was observed from 1997 through 1999, with the 1.56-m telescope at the Shanghai astronomical observatory (SHAO). After the 1997 outburst, it dimmed to a low state and then brightened again. During the period JD 2450701 to JD 2450701.5, variations of 0.40mag, 0.27mag, and 0.21mag over a time scale of 100min were found for V, R, and I bands, suggesting that the variations were decreasing with wavelength. The correlation between V, R, and I is also analyzed using the DCF (Discrete Correlation Function) method. This shows that the variability in the V, R, and I bands are correlated with no time delay longer than 0.2day.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/116/403
- Title:
- VRI photometry of stars in 12 BL Lac objects
- Short Name:
- J/A+AS/116/403
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present VR_cI_c Johnson-Cousins magnitudes of field comparison stars for twelve BL Lacertae objects belonging to the more large sample of blazars which is monitored at Perugia Astronomical Observatory. These comparison stars can be used in the long-term CCD photometric monitoring of BL Lac objects aimed to understand the characteristics of their variability. Finding charts for all of these comparison sequences are also included in this paper. For a description of the (RI)c photometric system, see e.g. the General Catalog of Photometric Data <GCPD/54>
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/215/14
- Title:
- WISE candidate {gamma}-ray blazar radio sources
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/215/14
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a catalog of radio-loud candidate {gamma}-ray emitting blazars with WISE mid-infrared colors similar to the colors of confirmed {gamma}-ray blazars. The catalog is assembled from WISE sources detected in all four WISE filters, with colors compatible with the three-dimensional locus of the WISE {gamma}-ray emitting blazars, and which can be spatially cross-matched with radio sources from one of the three radio surveys: NVSS, FIRST, and/or SUMSS. Our initial WISE selection uses a slightly modified version of previously successful algorithms. We then select only the radio-loud sources using a measure of the radio-to-IR flux, the q_22_parameter, which is analogous to the q_24_ parameter known in the literature but which instead uses the WISE band-four flux at 22{mu}m. Our final catalog contains 7855 sources classified as BL Lacs, FSRQs, or mixed candidate blazars; 1295 of these sources can be spatially re-associated as confirmed blazars. We describe the properties of the final catalog of WISE blazar-like radio-loud sources and consider possible contaminants. Finally, we discuss why this large catalog of candidate {gamma}-ray emitting blazars represents a new and useful resource to address the problem of finding low-energy counterparts to currently unidentified high-energy sources.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/748/68
- Title:
- WISE IR colors of gamma-ray blazars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/748/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Blazars constitute the most enigmatic class of extragalactic {gamma}-ray sources, and their observational features have been ascribed to a relativistic jet closely aligned to the line of sight. They are generally divided in two main classes: the BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) and the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). In the case of BL Lacs the double-bumped spectral energy distribution (SED) is generally described by the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission, while for the FSRQs it is interpreted as due to external Compton (EC) emission. Recently, we showed that in the [3.4]-[4.6]-[12]{mu}m color-color diagram the blazar population covers a distinct region (i.e., the WISE blazar Strip (WBS)) clearly separated from the other extragalactic sources that are dominated by thermal emission. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the infrared and {gamma}-ray emission for a subset of confirmed blazars from the literature, associated with Fermi sources, for which WISE archival observations are available. This sample is a proper subset of the sample of sources used previously, and the availability of Fermi data is critical to constrain the models on the emission mechanisms for the blazars.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/436/799
- Title:
- X- and gamma-ray fluxes of {gamma}-ray-loud blazars
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/436/799
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We determined the basic parameters, such as the central black hole mass (M), the boosting factor (or Doppler factor) ({delta}) the propagation angle ({Phi}) and the distance along the axis to the site of {gamma}-ray production (d) for 23 {gamma}-ray-loud blazars using their available variability timescales.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/761/125
- Title:
- X and {gamma} spectral indexes of Fermi blazars
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/761/125
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- In this paper, a sample of 451 blazars (193 flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 258 BL Lacertae objects) with corresponding X-ray and Fermi {gamma}-ray data is compiled to investigate the correlation both between the X-ray spectral index and the {gamma}-ray spectral index and between the spectral index and the luminosity, and to compare the spectral indexes {alpha}_X_, {alpha}_{gamma}_, {alpha}_X{gamma}_, and {alpha}_{gamma}X{gamma}_ for different subclasses. We also investigated the correlation between the X-ray and the {gamma}-ray luminosity.