- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/556/A55
- Title:
- Multi-color photometry of star-forming galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/556/A55
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We estimate the galaxy stellar mass function and stellar mass density for star-forming and quiescent galaxies with 0.2<z<4. We construct a large, deep sample of galaxies selected using the new UltraVISTA DR1 data release (Cat. J/A+A/544/A156). Our analysis is based on precise 30-band photometric redshifts. By comparing these photometric redshifts with 10800 spectroscopic redshifts from the zCOSMOS bright (Cat. J/ApJS/172/70) and faint (Lilly et al. in prep) surveys, we find an accuracy of sigma(dz/(1+z))=0.008 at i<22.5 and sigma(dz/(1+z))=0.03 at 1.5<z<4.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/RMxAA/35.187
- Title:
- Multifrequency catalog of LINERs
- Short Name:
- J/other/RMxAA/35
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first Catalog of Low Ionization Emission Line Galaxies (LINERs or Liners, which is the simplest name, and which we shall adopt in what follows). The Catalog "MCL" (Multifrequency Catalog of Liners), contains 476 entries and contains both broad-band and monochromatic emission data (ranging from radio to X-ray frequencies) of colors, and other data compiled from the literature and various data bases, as indicated in the references. Most of the galaxies can be considered "pure" Liners on the basis of the Veilleux & Osterbrock (1987ApJS...63..295V) classification as suggested by Ho, Filippenko, & Sargent (1997ApJS..112..315H). However, a considerable number of transition (Liners-H II or Liners-Starburst) objects are also included. One of the open questions, is whether Liners should be considered as a class of galaxies (like Seyfert galaxies for instance) or rather, as an heterogeneous group of objects. We believe the study of Liners as a group is very interesting, precisely because they very likely represent a transition between non-thermal and starburst activity, and probably also between "active" and "non- active" galaxies. This catalog may be used as a basis for statistical research. A preliminary discussion of the main statistical properties of Liners, in the range from radio to X-ray frequencies, is given here.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/495/691
- Title:
- Multifrequency catalogue of blazars, Roma-BZCAT
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/495/691
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a new catalogue of blazars based on multifrequency surveys and on an extensive review of the literature. Blazars are classified as BL Lacertae objects, as flat spectrum radio quasars or as blazars of uncertain/transitional type. Each object is identified by a root name, coded as BZB, BZQ and BZU for these three subclasses respectively, and by its coordinates. This catalogue is being built as a tool useful for the identification of the extragalactic sources that will be detected by present and future experiments for X and gamma-ray astronomy, like Swift, AGILE, Fermi-GLAST and Simbol-X. An electronic version is available from the ASI Science Data Center web site at http://www.asdc.asi.it/bzcat.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/630/A101
- Title:
- Multi-frequency celestial reference frame
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/630/A101
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a celestial reference frame (CRF) based on the combination of independent, multifrequency radio source position catalogs using nearly 40 years of very long baseline interferometry observations at the standard geodetic frequencies at SX band and about 15 years of observations at higher frequencies (K and XKa). The final catalog contains 4617 sources. We produce a multifrequency catalog of radio source positions with full variance-covariance information across all radio source positions of all input catalogs. We combined three catalogs, one observed at 8GHz (X band), one at 24GHz (K band) and one at 32GHz (Ka band). Rather than only using the radio source positions, we developed a new, rigorous combination approach by carrying over the full covariance information through the process of adding normal equation systems. Special validation routines were used to characterize the random and systematic errors between the input reference frames and the combined catalog. The resulting CRF contains precise positions of 4617 compact radio astronomical objects, 4536 measured at 8GHz, 824 sources also observed at 24GHz, and 674 at 32GHz. The frame is aligned with ICRF3 within +/-3{mu}as and shows an average positional uncertainty of 0.1mas in right ascension and declination. No significant deformations can be identified. Comparisons with Gaia-CRF remain inconclusive, nonetheless significant differences between all frames can be attested.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/590/A29
- Title:
- Multi-frequency galaxy group catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/590/A29
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- To understand the role of the environment in galaxy formation, evolution, and present-day properties, it is essential to study the multi-frequency behavior of different galaxy populations under various environmental conditions. We study the stellar mass functions of different galaxy populations in groups as a function of their large scale environments using multi-frequency observations. We crossmatch the SDSS DR10 group catalogue with GAMA Data Release 2 and Wide-field Survey Explorer (WISE) data to construct a catalogue of 1651 groups and 11436 galaxies containing photometric information in 15 different wavebands ranging from ultraviolet (0.152-micron) to mid-infrared (22-micron). We perform the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of galaxies using the MAGPHYS code and estimate the rest frame luminosities and stellar masses. We use the 1/Vmax method to estimate the galaxy stellar mass and luminosity functions, and the luminosity density field of galaxies to define the large scale environment of galaxies. The stellar mass functions of both central and satellite galaxies in groups are different in low and high density large scale environments. Satellite galaxies in high density environments have a steeper low mass end slope compared to low density environments, independently of the galaxy morphology. Central galaxies in low density environments have a steeper low mass end slope but the difference disappears for fixed galaxy morphology. The characteristic stellar mass of satellite galaxies is higher in high density environments and the difference exists only for galaxies with elliptical morphologies. Galaxy formation in groups is more efficient in high density large scale environments. Groups in high density environments have higher abundances of satellite galaxies, irrespective of the satellite galaxy morphology. The elliptical satellite galaxies are generally more massive in high density environments. The stellar masses of spiral satellite galaxies show no dependence on the large scale environment.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A80
- Title:
- MUSE Catalog of UV emission line measurement
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/654/A80
- Date:
- 02 Feb 2022 10:08:10
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) emission lines probe electron densities, gas-phase abundances, metallicities, and ionization parameters of the emitting star-forming galaxies and their environments. The strongest main UV emission line, Ly{alpha}, has been instrumental in advancing the general knowledge of galaxy formation in the early universe. However, observing Ly{alpha} emission becomes increasingly challenging at z>~6 when the neutral hydrogen fraction of the circumgalactic and intergalactic media increases. Secondary weaker UV emission lines provide important alternative methods for studying galaxy properties at high redshift. We present a large sample of rest-frame UV emission line sources at intermediate redshift for calibrating and exploring the connection between secondary UV lines and the emitting galaxies' physical properties and their Ly{alpha} emission. The sample of 2052 emission line sources with 1.5<z<6.4 was collected from integral field data from the MUSE-Wide and MUSE-Deep surveys taken as part of Guaranteed Time Observations. The objects were selected through untargeted source detection (i.e., no preselection of sources as in dedicated spectroscopic campaigns) in the three-dimensional MUSE data cubes. We searched optimally extracted one-dimensional spectra of the full sample for UV emission features via emission line template matching, resulting in a sample of more than 100 rest-frame UV emission line detections. We show that the detection efficiency of (non-Ly{alpha}) UV emission lines increases with survey depth, and that the emission line strength of HeII {lambda}1640AA, [OIII] {lambda}1661 + OIII] {lambda}1666, and [SiIII] {lambda}1883 + SiIII] {lambda}1892 correlate with the strength of [CIII] {lambda}1907 + CIII] {lambda}1909. The rest-frame equivalent width (EW0 ) of [CIII] {lambda}1907+CIII] {lambda}1909 is found to be roughly 0.22+/-0.18 of EW0 (Ly{alpha}). We measured the velocity offsets of resonant emission lines with respect to systemic tracers. For CIV {lambda}1548 + CIV {lambda}1551 we find that {DELTA}v_CIV_<~250km/s, whereas {nu}v_Ly{alpha}_ falls in the range of 250-500km/s which is in agreement with previous results from the literature. The electron density ne measured from [SiIII] {lambda}1883 + SiIII] {lambda}1892 and [CIII] {lambda}1907 + CIII] {lambda}1909 line flux ratios is generally <10^5^cm^-3^ and the gas-phase abundance is below solar at 12+log10(O/H)~=8. Lastly, we used "PhotoIonization Model Probability Density Functions" to infer physical parameters of the full sample and individual systems based on photoionization model parameter grids and observational constraints from our UV emission line searches. This reveals that the UV line emitters generally have ionization parameter log10(U) ~= -2.5 and metal mass fractions that scatter around Z~=10-2, that is Z~=0.66Z_{sun}_. Value-added catalogs of the full sample of MUSE objects studied in this work (this catalog) and a collection of UV line emitters from the literature are provided with this paper.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/608/A2
- Title:
- MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. II.
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/608/A2
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We have conducted a two-layered spectroscopic survey (1'x1' ultra deep and 3'x3'deep regions) in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). The combination of a large field of view, high sensitivity, and wide wavelength coverage provides an order of magnitude improvement in spectroscopically confirmed redshifts in the HUDF; i.e., 1206 secure spectroscopic redshifts for Hubble Space Telescope (HST) continuum selected objects, which corresponds to 15% of the total (7904). The redshift distribution extends well beyond z>3 and to HST/F775W magnitudes as faint as ~=30mag (AB, 1{sigma}). In addition, 132 secure redshifts were obtained for sources with no HST counterparts that were discovered in the MUSE data cubes by a blind search for emission-line features. In total, we present 1338 high quality redshifts, which is a factor of eight increase compared with the previously known spectroscopic redshifts in the same field. We assessed redshifts mainly with the spectral features [OII] at z<1.5 (473 objects) and Ly{alpha} at 2.9<z<6.7 (692 objects). With respect to F775W magnitude, a 50% completeness is reached at 26.5mag for ultra deep and 25.5mag for deep fields, and the completeness remains >=20% up to 28-29mag and ~=27mag, respectively. We used the determined redshifts to test continuum color selection (dropout) diagrams of high-z galaxies. The selection condition for F336W dropouts successfully captures ~=80% of the targeted z~2.7 galaxies. However, for higher redshift selections (F435W, F606W, and F775W dropouts), the success rates decrease to ~=20-40%. We empirically redefine the selection boundaries to make an attempt to improve them to ~=60%. The revised boundaries allow bluer colors that capture Ly{alpha} emitters with high Ly{alpha} equivalent widths falling in the broadbands used for the color-color selection. Along with this paper, we release the redshift and line flux catalog.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/621/A107
- Title:
- MUSE-Wide Lyman alpha luminosity function 3<z<6
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/621/A107
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We investigate the Lyman{alpha} emitter (LAE) luminosity function (LF) within the redshift range 2.9<=z<=6 from the first instalment of the blind integral field spectroscopic MUSE-Wide survey. This initial part of the survey probes a region of 22.2arcmin^2^ in the CANDELS/GOODS-S field (24 MUSE pointings with 1h integrations). The dataset provided us with 237 LAEs from which we construct the LAE LF in the luminosity range 42.2<=logL_Ly{alpha}_[erg/s]<=43.5 within a volume of 2.3x10^5^Mpc^3^. For the LF construction we utilise three different non-parametric estimators: the classical 1/V_max_ method, the C^-^ method, and an improved binned estimator for the differential LF. All three methods deliver consistent results, with the cumulative LAE LF being {Phi}(logL_Ly{alpha}_[erg/s]=43.5)~=3x10^-6^Mpc^-3^ and {Phi}(logL_Ly{alpha}_[erg/s]=42.2)~=2x10^-3^Mpc^-3^ towards the bright and faint end of our survey, respectively. By employing a non-parametric statistical test, and by comparing the full sample to subsamples in redshift bins, we find no supporting evidence for an evolving LAE LF over the probed redshift and luminosity range. Using a parametric maximum-likelihood technique we determine the best-fitting Schechter function parameters {alpha}=-1.84^+0.42^_-0.41_ and logL^*^[erg/s]=42.2^+0.22^_-0.16_ with the corresponding normalisation log{phi}^*^[Mpc^-3^]=-2.71. However, the dynamic range in Ly{alpha} luminosities probed by MUSE-Wide leads to a strong degeneracy between {alpha} and L^*^. Moreover, we find that a power-law parametrisation of the LF appears to be less consistent with the data compared to the Schechter function, even so when not excluding the X-Ray identified AGN from the sample. When correcting for completeness in the LAE LF determinations, we take into account that LAEs exhibit diffuse extended low surface brightness halos. We compare the resulting LF to one obtained by applying a correction assuming compact point-like emission. We find that the standard correction underestimates the LAE LF at the faint end of our survey by a factor of 2.5. Contrasting our results to the literature we find that at logL_Ly{alpha}_[erg/s]~<42.5 previous LAE LF determinations from narrow-band surveys appear to be affected by a similar bias.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/659/A183
- Title:
- MUSE-Wide+MUSE-Deep EWs of Lyman{alpha} emitters
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/659/A183
- Date:
- 25 Mar 2022 09:08:03
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The hydrogen Lyman{alpha} line is often the only measurable feature in optical spectra of high-redshift galaxies. Its shape and strength are influenced by radiative transfer processes and the properties of the underlying stellar population. High equivalent widths of several hundred {AA} are especially hard to explain by models and could point towards unusual stellar populations, for example with low metallicities, young stellar ages, and a top-heavy initial mass function. Other aspects influencing equivalent widths are the morphology of the galaxy and its gas properties. The aim of this study is to better understand the connection between the Lyman{alpha} rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) and spectral properties as well as ultraviolet (UV) continuum morphology by obtaining reliable EW0 histograms for a statistical sample of galaxies and by assessing the fraction of objects with large equivalent widths. We used integral field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) combined with broad-band data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to measure EW0 . We analysed the emission lines of 1920 Lyman{alpha} emitters (LAEs) detected in the full MUSE-Wide (one hour exposure time) and MUSE-Deep (ten hour exposure time) surveys and found UV continuum counterparts in archival HST data. We fitted the UV continuum photometric images using the Galfit software to gain morphological information on the rest-UV emission and fitted the spectra obtained from MUSE to determine the double peak fraction, asymmetry, full-width at half maximum, and flux of the Lyman{alpha} line. The two surveys show different histograms of Lyman{alpha} EW0 . In MUSE-Wide, 20% of objects have EW0>240{AA}, while this fraction is only 11% in MUSE-Deep and ~=16% for the full sample. This includes objects without HST continuum counterparts (one-third of our sample), for which we give lower limits for EW0. The object with the highest securely measured EW0 has EW0=589+/-193{AA} (the highest lower limit being EW0=4464{AA}). We investigate the connection between EW0 and Lyman{alpha} spectral or UV continuum morphological properties. The survey depth has to be taken into account when studying EW0 distributions. We find that in general, high EW0 objects can have a wide range of spectral and UV morphological properties, which might reflect that the underlying causes for high EW0 values are equally varied.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/624/A141
- Title:
- MUSE-Wide Survey DR1 catalog
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/624/A141
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the MUSE-Wide survey, a blind, 3D spectroscopic survey in the CANDELS/GOODS-S and CANDELS/COSMOS regions. The final survey will cover 100x1arcmin^2^ MUSE fields. Each MUSE-Wide pointing has a depth of one hour and hence targets more extreme and more luminous objects over ten times the area of the MUSE-Deep fields (Bacon et al., 2017A&A...608A...1B). The legacy value of MUSE-Wide lies in providing "spectroscopy of everything" without photometric pre-selection. We describe the data reduction, post-processing and PSF characterization of the first 44 CANDELS/GOODS-S MUSE-Wide pointings released with this publication. Using a 3D matched filtering approach we detect 1602 emission line sources, including 479 Lyman-{alpha} (Lya) emitting galaxies with redshifts 2.9<~z<~6.3. We cross-matched the emission line sources to existing photometric catalogs, finding almost complete agreement in redshifts (photometric and spectroscopic) and stellar masses for our low redshift (z<1.5) emitters. At high redshift, we only find ~55% matches to photometric catalogs. We encounter a higher outlier rate and a systematic offset of {Delta}z~=0.2 when comparing our MUSE redshifts with photometric redshifts from the literature. Cross-matching the emission line sources with X-ray catalogs from the Chandra Deep Field South, we find 127 matches, mostly in agreement with the literature redshifts, including ten objects with no prior spectroscopic identification. Stacking X-ray images centered on our Lya emitters yields no signal; the Lya population is not dominated by even low luminosity AGN. Other cross-matches of our emission-line catalog to radio and submm data, yielded far lower numbers of matches, most of which already were covered by the X-ray catalog. A total of 9205 photometrically selected objects from the CANDELS survey lie in the MUSE-Wide footprint, of which we provide optimally extracted 1D spectra. We are able to determine the spectroscopic redshift of 98% of 772 photometrically selected galaxies brighter than 24th F775W magnitude. All the data in the first data release - datacubes, catalogs, extracted spectra, maps - are available on the website https://musewide.aip.de.
