- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/817/128
- Title:
- Megamaser Cosmology Project. VIII. NGC5765B
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/817/128
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- As part of the Megamaser Cosmology Project, here we present a new geometric distance measurement to the megamaser galaxy NGC 5765b. Through a series of very long baseline interferometry observations, we have confirmed the water masers trace a thin, sub-parsec Keplerian disk around the nucleus, implying an enclosed mass of 4.55+/-0.40x10^7^M_{sun}_. Meanwhile, from single-dish monitoring of the maser spectra over two years, we measured the secular drifts of maser features near the systemic velocity of the galaxy with rates between 0.5 and 1.2km/s/yr. Fitting a warped, thin-disk model to these measurements, we determine a Hubble Constant H_0_ of 66.0+/-6.0km/s/Mpc with an angular-diameter distance to NGC 5765b of 126.3+/-11.6Mpc. Apart from the distance measurement, we also investigate some physical properties related to the maser disk in NGC 5765b. The high-velocity features are spatially distributed into several clumps, which may indicate the existence of a spiral density wave associated with the accretion disk. For the redshifted features, the envelope defined by the peak maser intensities increases with radius. The profile of the systemic masers in NGC 5765b is smooth and shows almost no structural changes over the two years of monitoring time, which differs from the more variable case of NGC 4258.
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- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/530/A147
- Title:
- Megamaser detection in Seyfert galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/530/A147
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We revisit the relation between H_2_O maser detection rate and nuclear obscuration for a sample of 114 Seyfert galaxies, drawn from the CfA, 12um and IRAS F25/F60 catalogs. These sources have mid-infrared spectra from the Spitzer Space Telescope and they are searched for X-ray and [OIII] (5007{AA}) fluxes from the literature. We use the strength of the [OIV] (25.9um) emission line as tracer for the intrinsic AGN strength. After normalization by [OIV] the observed X-ray flux provides information about X-ray absorption. The distribution of X-ray/[OIV] flux ratios is significantly different for masers and non-masers: The maser detected Seyfert-2s (Sy 1.8-2.0) populate a distinct X-ray/[OIV] range which is, on average, about a factor four lower than the range of Seyfert-2 non-masers and about a factor of ten lower than the range of Seyfert-1s (Sy 1.0-1.5). Non-masers are almost equally distributed over the entire X-ray/[OIV] range. This provides evidence that high nuclear obscuration plays a crucial role for the probability of maser detection. Furthermore, after normalization with [OIV], we find a similar but weaker trend for the distribution of the maser detection rate with the absorption of the 7um dust continuum. This suggests that the obscuration of the 7um continuum occurs on larger spatial scales than that of the X-rays. Hence, in the AGN unified model, at moderate deviation from edge-on, the 7um dust absorption may occur without proportionate X-ray absorption. The absorption of [OIII] appears unrelated to maser detections. The failure to detect masers in obscured AGN is most likely due to insufficient observational sensitivity.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/853/87
- Title:
- MEGaSaURA. II. Stacked spectra
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/853/87
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We stack the rest-frame ultraviolet spectra of N=14 highly magnified gravitationally lensed galaxies at redshifts 1.6<z<3.6. The resulting new composite spans 900<{lambda}_rest_<3000{AA}, with a peak signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 103 per spectral resolution element (~100km/s). It is the highest S/N, highest spectral resolution composite spectrum of z~2-3 galaxies yet published. The composite reveals numerous weak nebular emission lines and stellar photospheric absorption lines that can serve as new physical diagnostics, particularly at high redshift with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We report equivalent widths to aid in proposing for and interpreting JWST spectra. We examine the velocity profiles of strong absorption features in the composite, and in a matched composite of z~0 COS/HST galaxy spectra. We find remarkable similarity in the velocity profiles at z~0 and z~2, suggesting that similar physical processes control the outflows across cosmic time. While the maximum outflow velocity depends strongly on ionization potential, the absorption-weighted mean velocity does not. As such, the bulk of the high- ionization absorption traces the low-ionization gas, with an additional blueshifted absorption tail extending to at least -2000km/s. We interpret this tail as arising from the stellar wind and photospheres of massive stars. Starburst99 models are able to replicate this high-velocity absorption tail. However, these theoretical models poorly reproduce several of the photospheric absorption features, indicating that improvements are needed to match observational constraints on the massive stellar content of star-forming galaxies at z~2.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/155/104
- Title:
- MEGaSaURA. I. The sample and the spectra
- Short Name:
- J/AJ/155/104
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We introduce Project MEGaSaURA: the Magellan Evolution of Galaxies Spectroscopic and Ultraviolet Reference Atlas. MEGaSaURA comprises medium-resolution, rest-frame ultraviolet spectroscopy of N=15 bright gravitationally lensed galaxies at redshifts of 1.68<z<3.6, obtained with the MagE spectrograph on the Magellan telescopes. The spectra cover the observed-frame wavelength range 3200<{lambda}_o_<8280{AA}; the average spectral resolving power is R=3300. The median spectrum has a signal-to- noise ratio (S/N)=21 per resolution element at 5000{AA}. As such, the MEGaSaURA spectra have superior S/N and wavelength coverage compared to what COS/HST provides for starburst galaxies in the local universe. This paper describes the sample, the observations, and the data reduction. We compare the measured redshifts for the stars, the ionized gas as traced by nebular lines, and the neutral gas as traced by absorption lines; we find the expected bulk outflow of the neutral gas, and no systemic offset between the redshifts measured from nebular lines and the redshifts measured from the stellar continuum.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/808/19
- Title:
- Megasecond Chandra XVP obs. of NGC3115. II.
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/808/19
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We carried out an in-depth study of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) detected in the nearby lenticular galaxy NGC 3115 using the Megasecond Chandra X-ray Visionary Project observation (total exposure time 1.1Ms). In total we found 136 candidate LMXBs in the field and 49 in globular clusters (GCs) above 2{sigma} detection, with 0.3-8keV luminosity L_X_~10^36^-10^39^erg/s. Other than 13 transient candidates, the sources overall have less long-term variability at higher luminosity, at least at L_X_>~2x10^37^erg/s. In order to identify the nature and spectral state of our sources, we compared their collective spectral properties based on single-component models (a simple power law or a multicolor disk) with the spectral evolution seen in representative Galactic LMXBs. We found that in the L_X_ versus photon index {Gamma}_PL_ and L_X_versus disk temperature kT_MCD_ plots, most of our sources fall on a narrow track in which the spectral shape hardens with increasing luminosity below L_X_~7x10^37^erg/s, but is relatively constant ({Gamma}_PL_~1.5 or kT_MCD_~1.5keV) above this luminosity, which is similar to the spectral evolution of Galactic neutron star (NS) LMXBs in the soft state in the Chandra bandpass. Therefore, we identified the track as the NS LMXB soft-state track and suggested sources with L_X_<~7x10^37^erg/s as atolls in the soft state and those with L_X_>~7x10^37^erg/s as Z sources. Ten other sources (five are transients) displayed significantly softer spectra and are probably black hole X-ray binaries in the thermal state. One of them (persistent) is in a metal-poor GC.
2176. MegaZ-LRG catalogue
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/375/68
- Title:
- MegaZ-LRG catalogue
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/375/68
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We describe the construction of MegaZ-LRG, a photometric redshift catalogue of over one million luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the redshift range 0.4<z<0.7 with limiting magnitude i<20. The catalogue is selected from the imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 4. The 2dF-SDSS LRG and Quasar (2SLAQ) spectroscopic redshift catalogue of 13000 intermediate-redshift LRGs provides a photometric redshift training set, allowing use of ANNZ, a neural network-based photometric-redshift estimator. The rms photometric redshift accuracy obtained for an evaluation set selected from the 2SLAQ sample is z=0.049 averaged over all galaxies, and z=0.040 for a brighter subsample (i<19.0). The catalogue is expected to contain ~5 per cent stellar contamination. The ANNZ code is used to compute a refined star/galaxy probability based on a range of photometric parameters; this allows the contamination fraction to be reduced to 2 per cent with negligible loss of genuine galaxies. The MegaZ-LRG catalogue is publicly available on the World Wide Web from http://www.2slaq.info .
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/885/3
- Title:
- Membership in 12 stellar streams from DES
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/885/3
- Date:
- 16 Mar 2022 11:34:00
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We cross-match high-precision astrometric data from Gaia DR2 with accurate multiband photometry from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) DR1 to confidently measure proper motions for nine stellar streams in the DES footprint: Aliqa Uma, ATLAS, Chenab, Elqui, Indus, Jhelum, Phoenix, Tucana III, and Turranburra. We determine low-confidence proper-motion measurements for four additional stellar streams: Ravi, Wambelong, Willka Yaku, and Turbio. We find evidence for a misalignment between stream tracks and the systemic proper motion of streams that may suggest a systematic gravitational influence from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). These proper motions, when combined with radial velocity measurements, will allow for detailed orbit modeling that can be used to constrain properties of the LMC and its effect on nearby streams, as well as global properties of the Milky Way's gravitational potential.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/838/11
- Title:
- Member stars in the MW satellite Tucana III
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/838/11
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present Magellan/IMACS spectroscopy of the recently discovered Milky Way satellite Tucana III (Tuc III). We identify 26 member stars in Tuc III from which we measure a mean radial velocity of v_hel_=-102.3+/-0.4(stat.)+/-2.0(sys.)km/s, a velocity dispersion of 0.1_-0.1_^+0.7^km/s, and a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-2.42_-0.08_^+0.07^. The upper limit on the velocity dispersion is {sigma}<1.5km/s at 95.5% confidence, and the corresponding upper limit on the mass within the half-light radius of Tuc III is 9.0x10^4^M_{sun}_. We cannot rule out mass-to-light ratios as large as 240M_{sun}_/L_{sun}_ for Tuc III, but much lower mass-to-light ratios that would leave the system baryon-dominated are also allowed. We measure an upper limit on the metallicity spread of the stars in Tuc III of 0.19dex at 95.5% confidence. Tuc III has a smaller metallicity dispersion and likely a smaller velocity dispersion than any known dwarf galaxy, but a larger size and lower surface brightness than any known globular cluster. Its metallicity is also much lower than those of the clusters with similar luminosity. We therefore tentatively suggest that Tuc III is the tidally stripped remnant of a dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxy, but additional precise velocity and metallicity measurements will be necessary for a definitive classification. If Tuc III is indeed a dwarf galaxy, it is one of the closest external galaxies to the Sun. Because of its proximity, the most luminous stars in Tuc III are quite bright, including one star at V=15.7 that is the brightest known member star of an ultra-faint satellite.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/692/511
- Title:
- Mergers of luminous early-type galaxies
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/692/511
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Supermassive black hole (SMBH) coalescence in galaxy mergers is believed to be one of the primary sources of very low frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Significant contribution of the GWs comes from mergers of massive galaxies with redshifts z<2. Very few previous studies gave the merger rate of massive galaxies. We selected a large sample (1209) of close pairs of galaxies with projected separations 7<r_p_<50kpc from 87889 luminous early-type galaxies (M_r_<-21.5) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6. These pairs constitute a complete volume-limited sample in the local universe (z<0.12). Using our newly developed technique, 249 mergers have been identified by searching for interaction features. From them, we found that the merger fraction of luminous early-type galaxies is 0.8%, and the merger rate in the local universe is Rg~(1.0+/-0.4)x10^-5^Mpc^-3^/Gyr with an uncertainty mainly depending on the merging timescale.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJS/237/36
- Title:
- Merging dwarf galaxies in the local universe
- Short Name:
- J/ApJS/237/36
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the largest publicly available catalog of interacting dwarf galaxies. It includes 177 nearby merging dwarf galaxies of stellar mass M*<10^10^M_{sun}_ and redshifts z<0.02. These galaxies are selected by visual inspection of publicly available archival imaging from two wide-field optical surveys (SDSS-III and the Legacy Survey), and they possess low-surface-brightness features that are likely the result of an interaction between dwarf galaxies. We list UV and optical photometric data that we use to estimate stellar masses and star formation rates. So far, the study of interacting dwarf galaxies has largely been done on an individual basis, and lacks a sufficiently large catalog to give statistics on the properties of interacting dwarf galaxies, and their role in the evolution of low-mass galaxies. We expect that this public catalog can be used as a reference sample to investigate the effects of the tidal interaction on the evolution of star formation, and the morphology/structure of dwarf galaxies. Our sample is overwhelmingly dominated by star-forming galaxies, and they are generally found significantly below the red sequence in the color-magnitude relation. The number of early-type galaxies is only 3 out of 177. We classify them, according to observed low-surface-brightness features, into various categories including shells, stellar streams, loops, antennae, or simply interacting. We find that dwarf-dwarf interactions tend to prefer the low-density environment. Only 41 out of the 177 candidate dwarf-dwarf interaction systems have giant neighbors within a sky-projected distance of 700kpc and a line-of-sight radial velocity range +/-700km/s, and compared to the LMC-SMC, they are generally located at much larger sky-projected distances from their nearest giant neighbors.
