- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/612/511
- Title:
- Exoplanet radio emission
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/612/511
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We predict the radio flux densities of the extrasolar planets in the current census, making use of an empirical relation - the radiometric Bode's law - determined from the five "magnetic" planets in the solar system (the Earth and the four gas giants). Radio emission from these planets results from solar wind-powered electron currents depositing energy in the magnetic polar regions. We find that most of the known extrasolar planets should emit in the frequency range 10-1000 MHz and, under favorable circumstances, have typical flux densities as large as 1mJy. We also describe an initial, systematic effort to search for radio emission in low radio frequency images acquired with the Very Large Array (VLA). The limits set by the VLA images (~300mJy) are consistent with, but do not provide strong constraints on, the predictions of the model.
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Search Results
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/714/1170
- Title:
- Faraday rotation at high Galactic latitude
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/714/1170
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present a study of the vertical magnetic field of the Milky Way toward the Galactic poles, determined from observations of Faraday rotation toward more than 1000 polarized extragalactic radio sources at Galactic latitudes |b|>=77{deg}, using the Westerbork Radio Synthesis Telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We find median rotation measures (RMs) of 0.0+/-0.5rad/m^2^ and +6.3+/-0.7rad/m^2^ toward the north and south Galactic poles, respectively, demonstrating that there is no coherent vertical magnetic field in the Milky Way at the Sun's position. If this is a global property of the Milky Way's magnetism, then the lack of symmetry across the disk rules out pure dipole or quadrupole geometries for the Galactic magnetic field. The angular fluctuations in RM seen in our data show no preferred scale within the range ~0.1{deg} to ~25{deg}. The observed standard deviation in RM of ~9rad/m^2^ then implies an upper limit of ~1uG on the strength of the random magnetic field in the warm ionized medium at high Galactic latitudes.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/795/63
- Title:
- Faraday rotation from magnesium II absorbers
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/795/63
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Strong singly ionized magnesium (Mg II) absorption lines in quasar spectra typically serve as a proxy for intervening galaxies along the line of sight. Previous studies have found a correlation between the number of these Mg II absorbers and the Faraday rotation measure (RM) at ~5 GHz. We cross-match a sample of 35752 optically identified non-intrinsic Mg II absorption systems with 25649 polarized background radio sources for which we have measurements of both the spectral index and RM at 1.4 GHz. We use the spectral index to split the resulting sample of 599 sources into flat-spectrum and steep-spectrum subsamples. We find that our flat-spectrum sample shows significant (~3.5{sigma}) evidence for a correlation between Mg II absorption and RM at 1.4 GHz, while our steep-spectrum sample shows no such correlation. We argue that such an effect cannot be explained by either luminosity or other observational effects, by evolution in another confounding variable, by wavelength-dependent polarization structure in an active galactic nucleus, by the Galactic foreground, by cosmological expansion, or by partial coverage models. We conclude that our data are most consistent with intervenors directly contributing to the Faraday rotation along the line of sight, and that the intervening systems must therefore have coherent magnetic fields of substantial strength (B{bar}=1.8+/-0.4{mu}G). Nevertheless, the weak nature of the correlation will require future high-resolution and broadband radio observations in order to place it on a much firmer statistical footing.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/467/1776
- Title:
- Faraday rotation in Magellanic Bridge
- Short Name:
- J/MNRAS/467/1776
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present an investigation into the magnetism of the Magellanic Bridge, carried out through the observation of Faraday rotation towards 167 polarized extragalactic radio sources spanning the continuous frequency range of 1.3-3.1GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Comparing measured Faraday depth values of sources 'on' and 'off' the Bridge, we find that the two populations are implicitly different. Assuming that this difference in populations is due to a coherent field in the Magellanic Bridge, the observed Faraday depths indicate a median line-of-sight coherent magnetic-field strength of B||~=0.3uG directed uniformly away from us. Motivated by the varying magnitude of Faraday depths of sources on the Bridge, we speculate that the coherent field observed in the Bridge is a consequence of the coherent magnetic fields from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds being pulled into the tidal feature. This is the first observation of a coherent magnetic field spanning the entirety of the Magellanic Bridge and we argue that this is a direct probe of a 'pan-Magellanic' field.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/Galax/7.43
- Title:
- Faraday rotation of extended emission
- Short Name:
- J/other/Galax/7.
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The Galactic magnetic field is an integral constituent of the interstellar medium (ISM), and knowledge of its structure is crucial to understanding Galactic dynamics. The Rotation Measures (RM) of extragalactic (EG) sources have been the basis of comprehensive Galactic magnetic field models. Polarised extended emission (XE) is also seen along lines of sight through the Galactic disk, and also displays the effects of Faraday rotation. Our aim is to investigate and understand the relationship between EG and XE RMs near the Galactic plane, and to determine how the XE RMs, a hitherto unused resource, can be used as a probe of the large-scale Galactic magnetic field. We used polarisation data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS), observed near 1420 MHz with the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) Synthesis Telescope. We calculated RMs from a linear fit to the polarisation angles as a function of wavelength squared in four frequency channels, for both the EG sources and the XE. Across the CGPS area, l=55 to l=193 degrees, b=-3 to b=5 degrees, the RMs of the XE closely track the RMs of the EG sources, with XE RMs about half the value of EG-source RMs. The exceptions are places where large local HII complexes heavily depolarise more distant emission. We conclude that there is valuable information in the XE RM dataset. The factor of 2 between the two types of RM values is close to that expected from a Burn slab model of the ISM. This result indicates that, at least in the outer Galaxy, the EG and XE sources are likely probing similar depths, and that the Faraday rotating medium and the synchrotron emitting medium have similar variation with galactocentric distance.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/887/L7
- Title:
- Faraday rotation of radio sources from THOR
- Short Name:
- J/ApJ/887/L7
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present first results for Faraday rotation of compact polarized sources (1-2GHz continuum) in The HI/OH/Recombination line (THOR) survey of the inner Galaxy. In the Galactic longitude range 39{deg}<l<52{deg}, we find rotation measures (RMs) in the range -310rad/m^2^<=RM<=+4219rad/m^2^, with the highest values concentrated within a degree of l=48{deg} at the Sagittarius arm tangent. Most of the high RMs arise in diffuse plasma, along lines of sight that do not intersect HII regions. For l>49{deg}, RM drops off rapidly, while at l<47{deg}, the mean RM is higher with a larger standard deviation than at l>49{deg}. We attribute the RM structure to the compressed diffuse warm ionized medium in the spiral arm, upstream of the major star formation regions. The Sagittarius arm acts as a significant Faraday screen inside the Galaxy. This has implications for models of the Galactic magnetic field and the expected amount of Faraday rotation of fast radio bursts from their host galaxies. We emphasize the importance of sensitivity to high Faraday depth in future polarization surveys.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/597/A98
- Title:
- Faraday tomography of foreground towards IC342
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/597/A98
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Magnetic fields pervade the interstellar medium (ISM), but are difficult to detect and characterize. The new generation of low-frequency radio telescopes, such as the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR: a Square Kilometre Array-low pathfinder), provides advancements in our capability of probing Galactic magnetism through low-frequency polarimetry. Maps of diffuse polarized radio emission and the associated Faraday rotation can be used to infer properties of, and trace structure in, the magnetic fields in the ISM. However, to date very little of the sky has been probed at high angular and Faraday depth resolution. We observed a 5 by 5 degree region centred on the nearby galaxy IC 342 (l=138.2, b=+10.6) using the LOFAR High Band Antennas in the frequency range 115-178MHz. We imaged this region at 4.5x3.8arcmin^2^ resolution and performed Faraday tomography to detect foreground Galactic polarized synchrotron emission separated by Faraday depth (different amounts of Faraday rotation). Our Faraday depth cube shows rich polarized structure, with up to 30K of polarized emission at 150MHz. We clearly detect two polarized features that extend over most of the field but are clearly separated in Faraday depth. Simulations of the behaviour of the depolarization of Faraday-thick structures at such low frequencies show that such structures would be too strongly depolarized to explain the observations. These structures are therefore rejected as the source of the observed polarized features. Only Faraday thin structures will not be strongly depolarized at low frequencies; producing such structures requires localized variations in the ratio of synchrotron emissivity to Faraday depth per unit distance. Such variations can arise from several physical phenomena, such as a transition between regions of ionized and (mostly) neutral gas. We conclude that the observed polarized emission is Faraday thin, and propose that the emission originates from two mostly neutral clouds in the local ISM. Using maps of the local ISM to estimate distances to these clouds, we have modelled the Faraday rotation for this line of sight and estimated that the strength of the line of sight component of magnetic field of the local ISM for this direction varies between -0.86 and +0.12uG (where positive is towards the Earth). We propose that this may be a useful method for mapping magnetic fields within the local ISM in all directions towards nearby neutral clouds.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A57
- Title:
- F-G-K stars activity indicators
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/658/A57
- Date:
- 22 Feb 2022
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- Different relationships between the H{alpha} and CaII chromospheric emissions have been reported in solar-type stars. In particular, the time-series of emissions in these two lines are clearly anti-correlated for a few percent of the stars, contrary to what is observed on the Sun. Our objective is to characterise these relationships in more detail using complementary criteria, and to constrain the properties of filaments and plages that are necessary to explain the observations. We analysed the average level and variability of the H{alpha} and CaII emission for 441 F-G-K stars, paying particular attention to their (anti-)correlations on both short and long timescales. We also computed synthetic H{alpha} and CaII time-series for different assumptions of plage and filament properties and compared them with the observations. We were not able to find plage properties that, alone, are sufficient to reproduce the observations at all timescales simultaneously, even when allowing different H{alpha} and CaII emission relationships for different stars. We also specified the complex and surprising relationship between the average activity levels of both indexes, in particular for low-activity stars. We conclude that plages alone are unlikely to explain the observed variety of relationships between CaII and H{alpha} emission, and that the presence of other phenomena like filaments may help to reconcile the models with observations.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/other/PASA/38.20
- Title:
- Fornax cluster magnetic fields
- Short Name:
- J/other/PASA/38.
- Date:
- 17 Jan 2022 00:49:54
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- We present the first Faraday rotation measure (RM) grid study of an individual low-mass cluster - the Fornax cluster - which is presently undergoing a series of mergers. Exploiting commissioning data for the POlarisation Sky Survey of the Universe's Magnetism (POSSUM) covering a ~34 square degree sky area using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), we achieve an RM grid density of ~25 RMs per square degree from a 280MHz band centred at 887MHz, which is similar to expectations for forthcoming GHz-frequency 3-steradian sky surveys. These data allow us to probe the extended magnetoionic structure of the cluster and its surroundings in unprecedented detail. We find that the scatter in the Faraday RM of confirmed background sources is increased by 16.8+/-2.4rad/m^2^ within 1 degree (360kpc) projected distance to the cluster centre, which is 2-4 times larger than the spatial extent of the presently-detectable X-ray-emitting intracluster medium (ICM). The mass of the Faraday-active plasma is larger than that of the X-ray-emitting ICM, and exists in a density regime that broadly matches expectations for moderately-dense components of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium. We argue that forthcoming RM grids from both targeted and survey observations may be a singular probe of cosmic plasma in this regime. The morphology of the global Faraday depth enhancement is not uniform and isotropic, but rather exhibits the classic morphology of an astrophysical bow shock on the southwest side of the main Fornax cluster, and an extended, swept-back wake on the northeastern side. Our favoured explanation for these phenomena is an ongoing merger between the main cluster and a sub-cluster to the southwest. The shock's Mach angle and stand-o distance lead to a self-consistent transonic merger speed with Mach 1.06. The region hosting the Faraday depth enhancement also appears to show a decrement in both total and polarised radio emission compared to the broader field. We evaluate cosmic variance and free-free absorption by a pervasive cold dense gas surrounding NGC 1399 as possible causes, but find both explanations unsatisfactory, warranting further observations. Generally, our study illustrates the scientific returns that can be expected from all-sky grids of discrete sources generated by forthcoming all-sky radio surveys.
- ID:
- ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/583/A115
- Title:
- FORS1 catalogue of stellar magnetic fields
- Short Name:
- J/A+A/583/A115
- Date:
- 21 Oct 2021
- Publisher:
- CDS
- Description:
- The FORS1 instrument of the ESO Very Large Telescope was used to obtain low resolution circular polarized spectra of nearly a thousand of different stars, with the aim of measuring their mean longitudinal magnetic fields. Magnetic fields were measured by different authors, and using different methods and software tools. A catalogue of FORS1 magnetic measurements would provide a valuable resource with which to better understand the strengths and limitations of this instrument and of similar low-dispersion, Cassegrain spectropolarimeters. However, FORS1 data reduction has been carried out by a number of different groups using a variety of reduction and analysis techniques. Both our understanding of the instrument and our data reduction techniques have improved over time. A full re-analysis of FORS1 archive data using a consistent and fully documented algorithm would optimise the accuracy and usefulness of a catalogue of field measurements. Based on ESO FORS pipeline, we have developed a semi-automatic procedure for magnetic field determinations, which includes self-consistent checks for field detection reliability. We have applied our procedure to the full content of circular spectropolarimetric measurements of the FORS1 archive. We have produced a catalogue of spectro-polarimetric observations and magnetic field measurements for 1400 observations of 850 different objects. The spectral type of each object has been accurately classified. We have also been able to test different methods for data reduction is a systematic way. The resulting catalogue has been used to produce an estimator for an upper limit to the uncertainty in a field strength measurement of an early type star as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio of the observation. While FORS1 is not necessarily an optimal instrument for the discovery of weak magnetic fields, it is very useful for the systematic study of larger fields, such as those found in Ap/Bp stars and in white dwarfs.
