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Start Over Subject molecular clouds Publisher CDS
81. CO abundance of 3 globules
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/421/1087
Title:
CO abundance of 3 globules
Short Name:
J/A+A/421/1087
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have studied the ratio of carbon monoxide column density to the extinction A_J_ of background field stars in the direction of three globules: B133, B335, L466. The N(CO) to A_J_ ratios were found to vary from cloud to cloud so that they are larger in B335 than in B133 and L466. These variations are thought to primarily arise from variations of the ratio N(CO)/N(H_2_).
82. Coalsack CO maps
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/533/A17
Title:
Coalsack CO maps
Short Name:
J/A+A/533/A17
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
The large Coalsack dark cloud is one of the most prominent southern starless clouds, which is even visible to the naked eye. Furthermore, it is one of the rare molecular clouds without clear signs of star formation. We investigate the dynamical properties of the gas within the Coalsack. The two highest extinction regions were mapped with the APEX telescope in ^13^CO(2-1) comprising a region of ~1 square degree.
83. C^18^O(1-0) and N_2_H^+^(1-0) in L1495/B213
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/554/A55
Title:
C^18^O(1-0) and N_2_H^+^(1-0) in L1495/B213
Short Name:
J/A+A/554/A55
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Core condensation is a critical step in the star-formation process, but it is still poorly characterized observationally. We have studied the 10pc-long L1495/B213 complex in Taurus to investigate how dense cores have condensed out of the lower density cloud material. We observed L1495/B213 in C^18^O(1-0), N_2_H^+^(1-0), and SO(J_N_=3_2_-2_1_) with the 14m FCRAO telescope, and complemented the data with dust continuum observations using APEX (870um) and IRAM 30m (1200um).
84. CO catalog of LMC molecular clouds
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/53/971
Title:
CO catalog of LMC molecular clouds
Short Name:
J/PASJ/53/971
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
From a ^12^CO (J=1-0) survey with the NANTEN telescope, we present a complete catalog of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. In total, 107 CO clouds have been identified, 55 of which were detected at more than 3 observed positions. For the 55 clouds, the physical properties, such as size, line-width, virial mass, and CO luminosity, are cataloged.
85. CO clouds in the Galactic Center from NANTEN
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/62/557
Title:
CO clouds in the Galactic Center from NANTEN
Short Name:
J/PASJ/62/557
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
In order to better understand molecular clouds and their properties toward the Galactic center region, we have analyzed the NANTEN database of ^12^CO (J=1-0) and ^13^CO (J=1-0) to search for associations with candidates for young high-mass star-forming regions, such as IRAS point sources, radio continuum sources, recombination line sources, maser line sources, and other molecular line sources. We have also compared the data with TeV gamma-ray sources. The analyzed region covers -12{deg}<=l<=12{deg} and -1.5{deg}<=b<=1.5{deg} for ^12^CO, and -6{deg}<=l<=8{deg} and -1{deg}<=b<=1{deg} for ^13^CO. As a result, we identified 167 IRAS point sources, 73 recombination line sources, 58 maser sources, 107 radio continuum sources, and 77 molecular line sources associated with 169 positions with the CO emission.
86. ^13^CO clumps toward the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/878/44
Title:
^13^CO clumps toward the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant
Short Name:
J/ApJ/878/44
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have conducted a large-field simultaneous survey of ^12^CO, ^13^CO, and C^18^O J=1-0 emission toward the Cassiopeia A (Cas A) supernova remnant (SNR), which covers a sky area of 3.5{deg}x3.1{deg}. The Cas giant molecular cloud (GMC) mainly consists of three individual clouds with masses on the order of 10^4^-10^5^M_{sun}_. The total mass derived from the ^13^CO emission of the GMC is 2.1x10^5^M_{sun}_ and is 9.5x10^5^M_{sun}_ from the ^12^CO emission. Two regions with broadened (6-7km/s) or asymmetric ^12^CO line profiles are found in the vicinity (within a 10'x10' region) of the Cas A SNR, indicating possible interactions between the SNR and the GMC. Using the GAUSSCLUMPS algorithm, 547 ^13^CO clumps are identified in the GMC, 54% of which are supercritical (i.e., {alpha}_vir_<2). The mass spectrum of the molecular clumps follows a power-law distribution with an exponent of -2.20. The pixel-by-pixel column density of the GMC can be fitted with a log-normal probability distribution function (N-PDF). The median column density of molecular hydrogen in the GMC is 1.6x10^21^cm^-2^ and half the mass of the GMC is contained in regions with H_2_ column density lower than 3x10^21^cm^-2^, which is well below the threshold of star formation. The distribution of the YSO candidates in the region shows no agglomeration.
87. ^12^CO, ^13^CO, C^18^O survey of IRDCs
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/686/384
Title:
^12^CO, ^13^CO, C^18^O survey of IRDCs
Short Name:
J/ApJ/686/384
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are extinction features against the Galactic infrared background, mainly in the mid-infrared band. Recently they were proposed to be potential sites of massive star formation. In this work we have made a ^12^CO, ^13^CO, and C^18^O (J=1->0) survey of 61 IRDCs, 52 of which are in the first Galactic quadrant, selected from a catalog given by Simon and coworkers (2006, Cat. J/ApJ/639/227), while the others are in the outer Galaxy, selected by visually inspecting the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) images. Detection rates in the three CO lines are 90%, 71%, and 62%, respectively. The distribution of IRDCs in the first Galactic quadrant is consistent with the 5kpc molecular ring picture, while a slight trace of a spiral pattern is also noticeable, and needs to be further examined. The IRDCs have a typical excitation temperature of 10K and typical column density of several 10^22^cm^-2^. Their typical physical size is estimated to be several parsecs using angular sizes from the Simon catalog.
88. CO column densities in dark clouds
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/720/259
Title:
CO column densities in dark clouds
Short Name:
J/ApJ/720/259
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Data from the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory CO Mapping Survey of the Taurus molecular cloud are combined with extinction data for a sample of 292 background field stars to investigate the uptake of CO from the gas to icy grain mantles on dust within the cloud. On the assumption that the reservoir of CO in the ices is represented well by the combined abundances of solid CO and solid CO_2_ (which forms by oxidation of CO on the dust), we find that the total column density (gas+solid) correlates tightly with visual extinction (A_V_) over the range 5mag<A_V_<30mag, i.e., up to the highest extinctions covered by our sample. The mean depletion of gas-phase CO, expressed as {delta}(CO)=N(CO)_ice_/N(CO)_total_, increases monotonically from negligible levels for A_V_<~5 to ~0.3 at A_V_=10 and ~0.6 at A_V_=30. As these results refer to line-of-sight averages, they must be considered lower limits to the actual depletion at loci deep within the cloud, which may approach unity. We show that it is plausible for such high levels of depletion to be reached in dense cores on timescales ~0.6Myr, comparable with their expected lifetimes. Dispersal of cores during star formation may be effective in maintaining observable levels of gaseous CO on the longer timescales estimated for the age of the cloud.
89. C^18^O/C^17^O near rho Oph
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/430/549
Title:
C^18^O/C^17^O near rho Oph
Short Name:
J/A+A/430/549
Date:
21 Oct 2021
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
Observations of up to ten carbon monoxide (CO and isotopomers) transitions are presented to study the interstellar C^18^O/C^17^O ratio towards 21 positions in the nearby (d~140pc) low-mass star forming cloud {rho} Oph. A map of the C^18^O J=1-0 distribution of parts of the cloud is also shown.
90. C18O cores in Orion A
ID:
ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/PASJ/73/487
Title:
C18O cores in Orion A
Short Name:
J/PASJ/73/487
Date:
19 Jan 2022 00:24:20
Publisher:
CDS
Description:
We have performed an unbiased dense core survey toward the Orion A Giant Molecular Cloud in the C^18^O (J=1-0) emission line taken with the Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) 45 m telescope. The effective angular resolution of the map is 26", which corresponds to ~0.05pc at a distance of 414pc. By using the Herschel-Planck H_2_ column density map, we calculate the C^18^O fractional abundance and find that it is roughly constant over the column density range of <~5x10^22^cm^-3^, although a trend of C^18^O depletion is determined toward higher column density. Therefore, C^18^O intensity can follow the cloud structure reasonably well. The mean C^18^O abundance in Orion A is estimated to be 5.7x10^-7^, which is about three times larger than the fiducial value. We identified 746 C^18^O cores with astrodendro and classified 709 cores as starless cores. We compute the core masses by decomposing the Herschel-Planck dust column density using the relative proportions of the C^18^O integrated intensities of line-of-sight components. Applying this procedure, we attempt to remove the contribution of the background emission, i.e., the ambient gas outside the cores. Then, we derived mass function for starless cores and found that it resembles the stellar initial mass function (IMF). The CMF for starless cores, dN/dM, is fitted with a power-law relation of M^{alpha}^ with a power index of {alpha}=-2.25+/-0.16 at the high-mass slope (>~0.44M_{sun}_). We also found that the ratio of each core mass to the total mass integrated along the line of sight is significantly large. Therefore, in the previous studies, the core masses derived from the dust image are likely to be overestimated by at least a factor of a few. Accordingly, such previous studies may underestimate the star formation efficiency of individual cores.

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